crystalline form of carbon dioxide

... is the demonstration of an application of spray drying to induce completely crystalline-amorphous structural transformation of -CD powder as well as advantages of the use of the amorphous -CD ... characterization of α-CD powders and the development of a simple system to determine the amount of encapsulated CO2 The study of the structure of α-CD powders revealed that spray drying of α-CD solution ... crystalline form at low pressure and short time (p < 0.05) An increase in pressure and prolongation of the time increased encapsulation capacity (EC) of α-CD, especially for the crystalline form

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2021, 20:37

... of the carbanion to an associated molecule of carbon dioxide, the rate constant will be approximately the same as the frequency of vibration of a carbon–carbon bond The stretching frequency of ... general, separation of carbon dioxide and the conju-gate base of HBnTh is at least partially rate-determin-ing [18] If the barrier for addition of carbon dioxide to the newly formed carbanion is ... Catalysis by addition to carbon dioxide An alternative means of promoting the separation of carbon dioxide suggested in the paper by Sauers et al [43] involves trapping the carbon dioxide with a com-peting

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... Supply Chain 31 Major sources of carbon dioxide emissions from BHKP production 31 Major sources of carbon dioxide emissions from BSKP production 31 Summing up: Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China’s ... 24 Figure 4.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per metric ton of BHKP by Energy Type 31 Figure 4.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Metric ton of BSKP by Energy Type 32 Figure 4.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions ... of the total production of coated papers of all types in China in 2008 NewPage Corporation is the largest manufacturer of coated paper (of all types) in North America with approximately 35% of

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... Aspects of carbon dioxide utilization Catal Today 115(1–4):33–52 18 He L-N, Wang J-Q, Wang J-L (2009) Carbon dioxide chemistry: examples and challenges in chemical utilization of carbon dioxide ... for oxidation of alcohols, hydroformylation of olefins (Sect 3.4); and PEG as radical initiator for formylation of alcohols benzylic C=C cleavage reactions(Sect 3.5) Keywords Carbon dioxide  Polyethylene ... The teraton challenge A review of fixation and transformation of carbon dioxide Energy Environ Sci 3(1):43–81 16 Wang J-L, Miao C-X, Dou X-Y et al (2011) Carbon dioxide in heterocyclic synthesis

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 23:43

... storage of carbon dioxide and its conversion into valuable chemicals Many value-added chemicals such as methanol, polycarbonate, and organic carbonates can be produced using carbon dioxide as a carbon ... of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eyl¨ul University, ˙Izmir, Turkey 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mu˘gla University, Mu˘gla, Turkey 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ... catalysts were tested for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide according to the model reaction in Scheme 1 Scheme Cycloaddition reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxides. 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials,

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2022, 23:13

... performed in a agent used was pure carbon dioxide, or 30 vol.% carbon dioxide in oxygen or pure oxygen, for comparison of the effects of their various oxidizing potentials on the process performance ... the average yield of carbon dioxide and hydrogen (parameters nos 2 and 4) 4 Conclusions The idea of utilization of captured carbon dioxide in coal gasification with the use of waste process heat ... gasification agent of higher carbon dioxide content The experiments performed dioxide—containing gasification agent under the laboratory conditions adopted The idea of carbon dioxide valorization

Ngày tải lên: 05/12/2022, 13:38

... Trang 7emissions The sum of carbon Million tonnes Dependent dioxide emissions from of carbon variable flaring, industrial equivalent processes and methane emissions in carbon dioxide equivalent people ... processes of human use, where the methane is converted to carbon dioxide equivalent for better measurement of the carbon footprint of that country The first independent variable is of foreign ... of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions from developing countries has been rapidly exceeding that Trang 6of the developed countries and in 2003 accounted for almost 50% of the world's carbon dioxide

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2025, 22:57

... Gross Calorific Value of coal = 14840 kJ/kg Carbon fraction of coal = 0.849948 Carbon fraction of natural gas = 0.75 Combustion efficiency of coal = 26% Combustion efficiency of natural gas = 80% ... the carbon fraction of the fuel (coal) and it can be obtained from the molecular formula of emission associated with natural gas can be obtained In the case of natural gas to calculate the carbon ... The effect of pressure loss of steam in the condenser on the enthalpy of condensate is taken care by introducing the concept of under-cooling of the condensate The inefficiencies of the condenser

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... multiply by 1.1023 Carbon dioxide units at full molecular weight can be converted into carbon units by dividing by 44/12. 4 The average output rate is the ratio of pounds of carbon dioxide emitted ... annual consumption of either 4.4 million short tons of coal, 14 million barrels of petroleum, or 92 billion cubic feet of gas, or most likely a combination of each. 9 Energy Information Administration, ... Methodology,” for further information For more information on uncertainty in estimating carbon dioxide emissions, see Appendix C, “Uncertainty in Emissions Estimates,”Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... volume of activated carbon The morphology and composition of activated carbons were evaluated by SEM-EDX It was clearly seen that the activated carbons were full of cavities, and some of Zn ... pore size diameter of activated carbon The pore size diameters of activated carbons obtained were in the range of 1.76–1.84 nm and the exponent (n) parameter in the range of 1.2 to 1.6 indicated ... trapped at the surface of activated carbons In general, the heterogeneous and predominantly microporous activated carbon was produced Keywords: activated carbon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, activation,

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... homogeneity was evaluated on the basis of a detailed character-ization of two soil profiles (pH, granulometry, exchangeable cations, total pools) In addition, six samples of the Ah horizon were taken in ... were located in each of the quasi-pure stands dominated either by oak or beech and four were located in a mixture of both species The fine roots of the forest floor and of the Ah horizon were ... was leached with 200 mL of MilliQ water After adjustment of soil moisture to water holding capacity, two open dishes, one with 50 mL of 1 M NaOH and the other with 50 mL of MilliQ water, were placed

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... Photosynthetic carbon dioxide exchange of bean plants grown at elevated carbon dioxide con- centrations. Can J Bot 63, 2026-2030 Ekwebelam SA, Reid CPP (1983) Effect of light, ... at this time of year pro- vide an estimation of the physiological status of the plant just prior to planting-out (Guehl et al, 1989). All the plants of the different ... period of gas exchange measurements. Gas exchange and growth measurements Carbon dioxide and H2O gas exchange were measured with an open gas exchange sys- tem consisting of

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:24

... mechanism, and v), the recovery of photosyn-thesis involves the regrowth of the external mycelium of mycorrhizas These results are discussed from the viewpoint of the plant-fungus relationships. ... Two sets of measure-ments were performed: in November and in Feb-ruary At each date, 20 plants per treatment were randomly picked among the 50% tallest ones Before transplanting, 6-8 of these ... order to maintain the moisture of the peat near field capacity. Water status, gas exchange, root regenera-tion (number of elongated white tips), and re-growth of mycorrhizal extramatical mycelium

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:25

... study of 737 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest The patients were intubated and measurements of end-tidal carbon dioxide taken Data according to the Utstein criteria, demographic information, ... pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) values were collected for each patient in cardiac arrest by the emergency physician We hypothesized that an end-tidal carbon dioxide level of 1.9 kPa ... End-tidal carbon dioxide values of 1.9 kPa (14.3 mmHg) or less discriminated between the 402 patients with ROSC and 335 patients without When a 20minute end-tidal carbon dioxide value of 1.9 kPa

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... in interest of the use of supercritical 2 carbon dioxide as a substitute for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for a variety of specific and specialized applications in which the choices of environmentallyacceptable ... terms of cost of system), but it hasmany advantages The one clear advantage that CO2 does offer for food applications is its lack of toxicity Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) extraction offers ... the Optimization of Formulation 133Table 26: The result of the optimization formulation from the Design-Expert software with the selected optimum conditions 133Table 27: Results of dimensionless

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 06:25

... TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS VI LIST OF TABLES X LIST OF FIGURES XII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT XVII 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE 2 1.2 SUPERCRITICAL-CARBON ... China University of Science and Technology, 1999 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of School of Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ... degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2006 UMI Number: 3223980 3223980 2006 UMI Microform Copyright All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 10:49

... high concentrations of carbon dioxide up to 18% In the presence of 18% carbon dioxide in a vertical tubular photobioreactor, biomass of Spirulina sp continued to fix carbon dioxide and biomass ... quantified the carbon dioxide fixation abilities of various microalgae to evaluate the potential of microalgae in biological sequestration of carbon dioxide via photosynthesis A variety of microalgae, ... concentrations of carbon dioxide (20%) and temperature (35°C) (Hanagata, 1992) A study of reduction of carbon dioxide by a high-density Chlorella sp culture showed that growth of the culture

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:30

... group of growth factors and cytokines known for their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage (Chen et al., 2004). Originally, seven such proteins were discovered. Of these, six of ... polymers, which swell to form a gel like substance on exposure to water (Drury and Mooney, 2003). Hydrogels are formed by the crosslinking of polymer chains to form a scaffold made up of connected polymer ... could range from fusing of microspheres to form scaffolds, to formation of microsphere containing composite scaffolds. Growth factor Chapter 20 loaded microsphere can be formed either through

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... attachment and cytotoxicity of the fibrous scaffolds Towards the end of this study, the protein encapsulation efficiency, the in vitro release profile of the protein, the probability of protein denaturation ... the percentage of the actual BMP-2 loading to the total (theoretical) amount of BMP-2 loading In the EE analysis, about 5mg of each scaffold was dissolved in 1 mL of DCM and 5 mL of PBS (pH 7.4) ... release of BMP-2 was carried out over a period of 60 days and the cumulative release curve can be plotted Approximately 25mg of microfiber samples made from each experiment were prepared and each of

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... that different loading methods of BMP-2 and different HAp contents in scaffolds can alternate the release profiles of BMP-2 in vivo, therefore modify the performance of scaffolds in bone regeneration ... for peak area of different concentrations of DCM in DMF To obtain the residual amount of DCM in the PLGA/HAp scaffolds obtained from the electrospinning method, 15mg of each sample of F1-F4 were ... The compositons of 4 kinds of scaffold samples and their fabrication can be found in Section 3.2.2 (page 35) 4.3 Characterization of scaffolds 4.3.1 Physical characterization of fibrous scaffolds

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41