coulomb apos s law and electric field intensity

... ELECTROMAGNETICS TABLE 1.2 Dot products of unit vectors in spherical and cartesian coordinate systems ar a a sin  cos  sin  sin  cos  ax Á ay Á az Á cos  cos  cos  sin  À sin  À sin  cos  ... methods which are useful in very special cases We are going to use only the three simple methods, and the simplest of these is the cartesian, or rectangular, coordinate system A few students have ... respectively, as the x; y, and z axes Fig 1.2a shows a right-handed cartesian coordinate system A point is located by giving its x; y, and z coordinates These are, respectively, the distances...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... Contents | COULOMB' S LAW AND ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY Units1 (SI) is used, Q is measured in coulombs (C), R is in meters (m), and the force should be newtons (N) This will be achieved if the constant ... is the defining expression for electric field intensity, and (8) is the expression for the electric field intensity due to a single point charge Q1 in a vacuum In the succeeding sections we shall ... Other schemes which have been suggested include drawing shorter lines to represent stronger fields (inherently misleading) and using intensity of color to represent stronger fields (difficult and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... ELECTROMAGNETICS 3.3 APPLICATION OF GAUSS 'S LAW: SOME SYMMETRICAL CHARGE DISTRIBUTIONS Let us now consider how we may use Gauss 's law, ‡ Qˆ DS Á dS S to determine DS if the charge distribution is known This ... expressed as the sum of three partial derviatves, Maxwell 's first equation is also described as the differential-equation form of Gauss 's law, and conversely, Gauss 's law is recognized as the ... the closed surface which DS crosses normally, and this is simply the area of this section of that surface Only a knowledge of the symmetry of the problem enables us to choose such a closed surface,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... potential field of a point charge shows that it is an inverse-distance field, whereas the electric field intensity was found to be an inverse-square -law relationship A similar result occurs for the ... gravitational field, where, again, energy must be expended to move against the field Sliding a mass around with constant velocity on a frictionless surface is an effortless process if the mass is moved ... (19), and (20) These integral expressions for potential in terms of the charge distribution should be compared with similar expressions for the electric field intensity, such as (18) in Sec 2.3:...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... but also shows hysteresis effects; that is, the polarization produced by a given electric field intensity depends on the past history of the sample Important examples of this type of dielectric ... Polarization in dielectrics is discussed in the first part of chap This junior-level text presupposes a full-term physics course in electricity and magnetism, and it is therefore slightly more advanced ... the elements of the surface charge, resulting in their motion and nonstatic conditions Since static conditions are assumed, the tangential electric field intensity and electric flux density are...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... transmission line shown in Fig 6.12 has a square cross section 2a  2a, while the outer square is 5a  5a The axes are displaced as shown …a† Construct a good-sized drawing of this transmission ... is 100 V and that of the sides and bottom is zero The problem is two-dimensional, and the sketch is a cross section of the physical configuration The region is divided first into 16 squares, and ... region also satisfies this equation, Laplace 's equation in two dimensions, @2 V @2 V ‡ ˆ0 @x2 @y We shall also prove a uniqueness theorem which assures us that if a potential solution in some specified...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... pause to show that if our answer satisfies Laplace 's equation and also satisfies the boundary conditions, then it is the only possible answer It would be very distressing to work a problem by solving ... as Laplace 's equation The first and simplest method is that of direct integration, and we shall use this technique to work several examples in various coordinate systems in this section In Sec ... functions, such as Bessel functions and spherical and cylindrical harmonics, and our interest now does not lie with new mathematical functions but with the techniques and methods of solving electrostatic...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... foolish answers The Biot-Savart law may also be expressed in terms of distributed sources, such as current density J and surface current density K Surface current flows in a sheet of vanishingly small ... helps us solve problems Á more easily is known as AmpeÁre 's circuital law, sometimes called Ampere 's work law This law may be derived from the Biot-Savart law, and the derivation Á is accomplished ... yourself by trying Prob 14 Accurate formulas for solenoids, toroids, and coils of other shapes are available in Sec of the ``Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers'' (see Suggested References...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... this section we shall digress briefly to discuss the fundamental techniques involved in solving a class of magnetic problems known as magnetic circuits As we shall see shortly, the name arises ... diodes, thermistors, incandescent filaments, and other nonlinear elements As a convenient starting point, let us identify those field equations upon which resistive circuit analysis is based At ... linear relationship between D and E is assumed This is not as easily done for the steady magnetic field It would seem that we might assume two simple sources, perhaps two current sheets, find the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... of fast response time for file requests In order to quickly satisfy users' request for web content, ISP 's utilize caching, whereby frequently used files are copied and stored “near” to users on ... However, since any cache has a finite size, it is impossible for the cache to store all of the files users are requesting Here Zipf 's law comes into play Several studies (Cunha 1995, Breslau 1999) ... The presence of Zipf s law has implications for the search strategies used in P2P networks Currently, most P2P networks use a broadcast method of locating files Because there is no central server...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

... breast as depicted in figure The same isocentre was used for IMRT and RapidArc plans In both cases, all fields or arcs were simultaneously optimised to generate the desired dose distributions on ... tissue Pre-treatment Quality Assurance dosimetric measurements To assess delivery quality and the agreement between calculations and treatment, standardised pre-treatment quality assurance dosimetric ... threshold for statistical significance was p = 0.05 All statistical tests were two-sided Results Dose distributions are shown for one example in Figure for axial views and three dose cuts (45 Gy,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... in Section 4-12 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS Section 4-2 provides sample calculations using power density and power terms from Table and Table 2, whereas Section 4-12 uses these terms plus field intensity ... antenna Conversion Between Field Intensity (Table 1) and Power Received (Table 2) Power received (watts or milliwatts) can be expressed in terms of field intensity (volts/meter or µv/meter) using equation ... terms mW (dBm) (v2/m 2S) (m2) Section 2-3, terms (m/sec)(sec) ˆPr = ( E2/480B2 )( c G/f 2) which is equation [3] terms (v2/m 2S) ( m2/sec2)(sec2) or v2 /S = watts 4-1.3 Table Conversion Table - Volts...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 09:15

... items covered by federal WEQ standards or establish local standards for items not covered.84 The development of these standards is similar to the standards in the United States The EPA sets treatment ... governments may create local standards for items not covered by the WEQ standards and must report their standards to the State Council.80 Using the WEQ standards and the country s economic and technological ... Discharge Permit Systems.51 Under these different systems, permits have been issued in increasing numbers In 1996, over forty thousand permits were issued in the cities that implemented a system.52...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... processes, which, on the other hand, is accessible with the structure-sensitive SERR and SEIRA spectroscopy To probe the dynamics of molecular structure changes during the redox process, these ... SERR and SEIRA spectroscopy of cytochrome c rapid scan mode for probing processes faster or slower than  100 ms, respectively [26] SERR and SEIRA spectroscopic techniques provide different kinds ... processes [8], presumably initiated by a structural transition of the protein that abolishes its redox function and strongly increases peroxidase activity [9] In the third part, we will discuss...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... Calcium-Sulfonate-based Greases Paraffins Olefins Phospholipids Alcohols Ethers Esters Polymers Starch Amides Special Issues Side Reactions Silicate-Based Muds Studies on Pipe Sticking Differential Sticking ... several dissolved substances such as alkalies, salts and surfactants, organic polymers in colloidal state, droplets of emulsified oil, and various insoluble substances, such as barite, clay, and ... Emulsions, and Foams Dispersions Dispersants Emulsions Oil-in-water Emulsions – Invert Emulsions Water-in-water Emulsions Oil-in-water-in-oil Emulsions Microemulsions Solids-stabilized emulsion...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:06

... of others begins with your own tenants and is somewhat less with respect to neighbors or strangers or future tenants The usefulness of California s Megan s Law database is debatable Investigative ... L ANDLORD ’ S L AW B OOK : R IGHTS & R ESPONSIBILITIES I t is essential that every landlord understand California law as it applies to rental agreements and leases Let s begin with the basics ... premises), list their names See the discussion of cosigners in Section E, below In the last blank, list the names of all owners The last sentence states that all tenants are jointly and severally...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 14:11

... interests Authors' contributions FS is responsible for data acquisition, literature research and writing of the manuscript ES is responsible for data acquisition, statistical analysis and writing ... treatment success than the potentially increased risk of secondary malignancies We tried to increase chances of cure the patients accepting possible risks in a matter of decades in case of success IMRT ... nasopharyngeal fibroma and esthesioneuroblastoma So far, patients died due to distant metastases (cases #30, #31, #21, #5, #4) Discussion We present a very heterogeneous group of children and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20