coral reef restoration an overview

... Caribbean and western Atlantic coral reefs and decline of associated fisheries Proc 5th Int’l Coral Reef Cong 6:491–496 Porter, J.W and O.W Meier, 1992 Quantification of loss and change in Floridian reef ... 1982 Coral transplantation: an approach to the re-establishment of damaged reefs Kalikasan, Philippines J Biol 11:158–172 33 Harriot, V.J and D.A Fisk 1988 Coral transplantation as a reef management ... Aronson, R.B and D.W Swanson 1997 Video surveys of coral reefs: uni- and multivariate applications Proc 8th Int’l Coral Reef Symp 2: 1441–1446 17 Aronson, R.B and D.W Swanson 1997 Disturbance and recovery...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... patch reefs Carysfort reef Basin Hill Shoals patch reefs 25 10' North Sound Land Cannon patch reef Mosquito Bank patch reefs South Sound Reef area with shallow head/cluster corals, undamaged Reef ... tissue biomass and reproduction of the reef coral Montastraea annularis Coral Reefs 8:217–224 39 Glynn, P.W 1990 Coral mortality and disturbances to coral reefs in the tropical eastern Pacific In ... June, 1987 Mangilao, University of Guam Marine Lab., pp 11–21 Grigg, R., Dollar, S 1990 Natural and anthropogenic disturbance on coral reefs In: Goodall, D.W and Dubinsky, Z (eds.) Coral Reefs; Ecosystems...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... damage and removal of healthy donor corals, an efficient andsuccessful methodology has not been developed at this point Trang 846 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook3.2.3.2 Transplantation Questions and ... responses, andthe complexity of the coral reef ecosystem.25 The science of coral reef restoration is in its infancyand lags far behind related terrestrial and wetland sciences.14,26–31 Even seagrass restoration ... 43 3.2.3 Transplantation 44 3.2.3.1 Alternative Transplantation Techniques 45 3.2.3.2 Transplantation Questions and Research Needs 46 3.2.4 Artificial Reefs 46 3.3 Cost of Coral Reef Restoration...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... propagate corals, giant clams, sea urchins, and other reef framework builders and ecological facilitators Orphaned coral fragments and mass-produced propagules have been placed out in reef habitats and ... west Atlantic, and it is definitively not the first priority in reef conservation anywhere, but neither is it the very last Restoration can be emotionally and politically therapeutic and can produce ... for a hard coral community; corals eventually subsume these functions Manually plant structure with framework builders (corals, giant clams) removed from a natural reef Manually plant structures...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... 6:14 PM Trang 8150 Coral Reef Restoration Handbookand even possessing any coral or live rock (15 C.F.R § 922.163) They also forbid collecting manyspecies of fish, anchoring on live coral, and discharging ... 6:14 PM Trang 6148 Coral Reef Restoration Handbookdefines “marine environment” to mean “those areas of coastal and ocean waters, the GreatLakes and their connecting waters, and submerged lands thereunder, ... mud and fine sediment habitat, and algal plains” (Ranchod 2001) The expanded Buck IslandReef National Monument now encompasses “additional coral reefs … barrier reefs, sea grass beds,and sand...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... backgrounds to cover reefs with coral, algae, and sponge transplants Reef Balls are designed to form the base of a reef system as any coral structure would Transplanted organisms are selected ... 2006 11:17 AM Trang 4196 Coral Reef Restoration Handbookin a number of restoration efforts using purpose-designed artificial reefs and damaged natural reefs A major goal of transplanting is to reduce ... EcoReefs catalyze the reef successionary process and break down, as would any branching coral, when other coral species take over Thus, the common EcoReef module FIGURE 10.7 Installation of EcoReef...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... encompass many varied goals and objectives Injury to coral reefs can occur by many means, natural and anthropogenic, and from direct insult and cumulative nonpoint sources Physical insults to coral reefs ... unconsolidated sediment and rubble, adding structure, transplanting and translocating corals to increase coral cover, introducing herbivores to enhance coral settlement, enhancing coral settlement by ... fragments transplanted to different reef sites, and the implication for reef rehabilitation Bull Mar Sci 66: 497–505 44 Harriott, V.J and D.A Fisk 1988 Coral transplantation as a reef management...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... 5:00 PM Trang 6224 Coral Reef Restoration Handbookand antibiotic cocktails can be used It is imperative to remove any debris from the cultures to prevent larvae from getting stuck and fungal ... effort and effectiveness.7 Lastly, Caribbean reefs have manifested dramatic changes in substrate quality following 2073_C012.fm Page 219 Friday, April 7, 2006 5:00 PM Trang 2220 Coral Reef Restoration ... “phase shift” from coral to macroalgal dominance may be reversible and suggest that Diadema grazing may be an important aspect of reef recovery and resilience In responding to acute coral loss, such...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... determined that an emergency repair of damaged corals was warranted Coral fragments were scattered across the reef, and many had collected in sand channels The surge continued to shift and overturn ... 7, 2006 5:09 PM 258 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Mona 67°W 18°N Mona Island 20 m Contour FR Reef Crest FIGURE 14.1 Location of the Fortuna Reefer restoration site off ... 5:09 PM 260 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook and 50% of the fragments up to 0.5 m in length were restored Fragments were secured to the relict reef substrate (reef) or to dead, standing A palmata...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... into coral reef waters This material damages corals, entangles wildlife, and can be an agent for the introduction of alien marine species.25 Drifting clumps of lines and nets can entangle endangered ... Coral Reef Restoration and Mitigation 275Transplant and culturing techniques with potential application to restoration efforts have been developed for use in reef conservation The transplanting and ... interest in mitigation and restoration of reefs existed Construction and other human activities in Hawaii and the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands have damaged many coral reef communities with...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... 5:15 PM Trang 4294 Coral Reef Restoration HandbookAlthough forest restoration has been an important tool for the conservation, preservation, and maintenance of diversity for more than a century, ... Tuesday, April 18, 2006 11:28 AM Trang 2292 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook16.1 RESTORATION THROUGH THE “CORAL REEF GARDENING” CONCEPT The decline of coral reefs worldwide1–4 has prompted the ... forests and coral reefs.5,13,42 The restoration of coral reefs, therefore, should become a standard part of conservation practices, and when applied, already tested and approved forest restoration...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... application to coral reef restoration, as will be discussed further below Trang 10312 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook17.4 IMPLICATIONS OF MICROCOSM MODELING FOR CORAL REEF RESTORATION An extensive ... PM Trang 7Lessons Learned in the Construction and Operation of Coral Reef Microcosms and Mesocosms 309TABLE 17.2 Families, Species, and Genera Tallied in the Caribbean Model Plants, Algae, and ... many similarly well-developed coral reefs exist in the Caribbean Sea and West Indies.12 At the time when the metabolism and organism cover studies were carried out on the southeast St Croix reef,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... community. While many of the coral transplants on these reefs have survived, there are no significant differences between the transplanted and natural recovery reefs in terms of the number of coral heads ... Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 320 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook In 2003, Hurricane X hit the island region, destroying much of the structure of coral reefs, including ABC reef. Limited ... While coral reef restoration efforts provide important opportunities for people to effect positive change, the challenges of doing so should be made transparent. Coral reef restoration provides an...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... development and human activities on these ancient coral ecosystems, and are beginning to provide additional opportunities and 2073_C019.fm Page 327 Friday, April 7, 2006 5:21 PM Trang 4328 Coral Reef Restoration ... April 7, 2006 5:21 PM Trang 6330 Coral Reef Restoration Handbookimproved methodologies for coral reef restoration This chapter provides information on community-based coral restoration efforts, ... shallow-water coral reefs and support a high diversity of ecologically and economically important fishes and invertebrates Because corals coexist in a dynamic balance with reef algae and because...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... Rankine Trang 9Table 2 (Continued) 26 SMART system - integrated modular advanced PHWR's Pressurized heavy water reactors 30 CANDU-9 Canadian deuterium uranium 925-1300 Rankine 31 ACR-1000 Advanced ... controls, with redundant digital backup and redundant manual backups, allow the control room to easily and rapidly control plant operations and processes Separate redundant safety and non-safety related ... ACR-1000 Advanced CANDU reactor 1000 hybrid PHWR/PWR 1100-1200 Rankine Rankine 33 AHWR Advanced heavy water reactor 300 Rankine 34 ACR-700 Advanced CANDU reactor 700 hybrid PHWR/PWR 750 Rankine HT GCR's...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... Kingdom Romania Slovak Republic Romania Slovak Republic Poland Portugal Poland Portugal Malta Netherlands Luxembourg Latvia Lithuania Italy Ireland Greece Hungary France Germany Estonia Finland Denmark ... Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden ... Slovak Republic Portugal EU Member State Romania Poland Malta Netherlands Lithuania Luxembourg Italy Latvia Ireland Greece Hungary France Germany Estonia Finland Denmark Cyprus Czech Republic Belgium...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... to connect a branch office to a corporate LAN Rather than using an expensive long-haul dedicated circuit between the branch office and the corporate hub, both the branch office and the corporate ... branch office router and corporate hub router • Using a dial-up line to connect a branch office to a corporate LAN Rather than having a router at the branch office make a long distance (or 1-800) ... and components in greater detail Tunneling is a method of using an internetwork infrastructure to transfer data for one network over another network The data to be transferred (or payload) can...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2013, 09:15

... toán ban đầu Còn có biến giả nhận giá trị dương toán gốc phương án tối ưu Ví dụ: Một công ty X có kế hoạch tuyển dụng lao động sau: - phó phòng marketing - trợ lý kinh doanh - nhân viên kinh doanh ... lượng 9.000T than, 6.000T quặng - cảng B với khối lượng 3.000T clinke - cảng C với khối luợng 7.000T than, 1.000T clinke tới cảng nhận hàng D, E, F biết: - Cảng D cần nhận 8.000T than quặng, 1.000T ... tàu biển pha sông va tàu chở sà lan hệ thống vận tải Bắc – Nam Việt Nam a Phát biểu toán: toán tương tự toán trường hợp kinh doanh độc lập b Lập toán: - Nếu kinh doanh độc lập: xij số chuyến tàu...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2016, 18:42

... tin xác nhanh chóng, phục vụ cho công tác đánh giá kết kinh doanh, lập đơn hàng điều độ hàng hóa, quản trị công nợ, kế hoạch hóa dòng tiền, hỗ trợ cho việc định kịp thời có lợi cho doanh nghiệp ... vị liệu liên quan tới khoảng thời gian cụ thể” Các đặc trƣng kho liệu Kho liệu tập hợp liệu có tính chất sau: - Hướng chủ đề - Tính tích hợp - Tính bền vững - Dữ liệu gắn thời gian có tính lịch ... liệu phát thông tin mang tính dự đoán, hay thông tin hỗ trợ cho việc định người quản lý doanh nghiệp Quản trị kho liệu Ứng dụng kho liệu Ngày nay, kho liệu triển khai doanh nghiệp với nhiều mục...

Ngày tải lên: 24/09/2013, 08:27

... sử mẫu 𝑥 𝑖 thuộc không gian 𝑅 𝑛 , không gian gọi không gian giả thiết Để tìm mặt phi tuyến không gian này, áp dụng thủ thuật ánh xạ vector mẫu 𝑥 𝑖 từ 𝑅 𝑛 vào không gian 𝑅 𝑑 có số chiều lớn (d>n, ... gian đặc trưng 𝑅 𝑑 Siêu phẳng ứng với mặt phi tuyến không gian 𝑅 𝑛 14 Với ánh xạ mặt hình vuông [-1,1] x [-1,1] không gian 𝑅2 trở thành mặt công không gian 𝑅3 Bây dung mặt phằng không gian ... tin từ tập huấn luyện ban đầu Cách tiếp cận phương pháp giả định tất câu báo quan điểm kiện câu quan điểm kiện Ngoài ra, diện từ hướng ngữ nghĩa (khen chê) câu báo câu chủ quan 1.3.2 Phương pháp...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 08:47