computer studies and information technology pdf

... role of alliances and partnerships (Ashkenas, Ulrich, Jick, & Kerr, 1998; Gulati, 1999; Khanna, Gulati, & Nohria, 1998), and the role of information technology and information systems ... be done to operationalize and test the information processing hypothesis in the context of diversified firms, and to understand whether and how IT reduces communication and coordination costs across ... Hoskission and Hitt (1990) and Ramanujam and Varadarajan (1989) called for Trang 31use of rigorous theoretical and methodological approaches to resolve the inconsistent findings While theoretical and

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... access to broadband, the demand for multimedia and user- created content, the availability of inexpensive multimedia devices, and 1 Trang 18CONVERGENCE IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ... driven by technology and demand and resulting from service providers’ adopting new technologies and busi- ness practices Fundamental technology drivers are the digitalization of communication and the ... adoption of broadband and triple play in Kenya, ‘Tanzania, and Uganda, Where VoIP is permitted, small providers ean evolve into information technology businesses novation and cost reduction

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:20

... dans le cadre du mandat ministờrieD Hse de Ậravapren coursÍ, istờrille de 2001, Cette ờuude a ờtờ rờdigờe par Aestandea Coleechia, Dominique Gustes, Dit Pit, Paul Schreyer et [Andrew Wyekofl et ... un certain nombre de petites Gon mies de TOCDE, comme Australie, Coe, te Daneman, la Finland, Melande, slande eta Sade, 08 intensitờ de R-Da sensiblement augmentờ (igure 7) Dans de nombreux pays ... ants surTaccurlation d'actif physiques dans de grandes ‘hleeprives stables appanenant ỏ deandusules bien Glablies, qui ant 616 la hase dune grande partie de ln emissance ờconomique dans la peninde

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 11:22

... Kraemer, and Gurbaxani (2000); IT efficiency achieves as a result of using IT automation and standardization to improve performance and productivity and to reduce operation costs Information technology ... strategic partner and enabler because of its essential role in the school district Information technology effectiveness and efficiency that enables and supports business strategy and process is ... efficiency and cost and time savings for a school district through process standardization, simplification and automation, governance, and tighter integration across the organization and stakeholders

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 13:57

... that uL Pe = D in mass dispersion andPe uL α = in thermal dispersion where u and L are characteristic velocity and length, respectively Dand α are molecular mass and thermal diffusivities, respectively ... velocity of flow, t is the time of flow, σx and σy are standard deviations of the distribution in the x and y directions, respectively and, finally m and n are the coordinates of the point (x,y) ... L Standard deviations are defined by ( )0.5 σ = 2D L where DI and DII are the longitudinal and transverse constants of dispersion in porous media, respectively One should note that the DI and

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... MODELLING, NUMERICAL METHODS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYEdited by Aziz Belmiloudi Trang 2Heat Transfer - Mathematical Modelling, Numerical Methods and Information Technology Edited by Aziz Belmiloudi ... Methods and Information Technology, Edited by Aziz Belmiloudi p cm ISBN 978-953-307-550-1 Trang 3free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Trang 5and Wet ... ratio and temperature of the saturation air is necessary and it is taken a linear variation The influence of Trang 18Heat Transfer - Mathematical Modelling, Numerical Methods and Information Technology

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... essential informationswhich are necessary to the comprehension of the various processes which can intervene inthese models This resolution need some regularity and additional conditions, and partialinformations ... parameters and others) and U∈ Z represents the state or the output of the system (temperature, concentration, velocity,magnetic field, pressure, etc.), whereX andZ are two spaces of input data and outputsolutions, ... in L∞(Q)and in L∞(Σ), respectively The function u0is the initial value and is assumed to be variable andλ=σ B e is assumed to be in L∞(Γ)whereσ B (Wm−2K−4) is Stefan-Boltzmann’s constant and eis

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... predicting and acting on the temperature distribution, we have discussed stabilizationidentification and regulation processes with and without randomness in data, parameters and,boundary and initial ... k+1 and 2 For the discrete problem, the direct, sensitivity and adjoint problems can be discretized by a combination of Galerkin and the finite element methods for the space discretization and ... Mathematical models and optimal controls J Dynam Control Systems, 108, (2007), 217-254. Belmiloudi, A (2008) Stabilization, optimal and robust control Theory and applications in biological and physical

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... of E and F and where δ kl(=0 if k= l and δ kl=1 if k=l)is the Kronecker delta Assuming that the underlying matter is isotropic, κ(eff)E ,κ(eff)F , andχ can be expressed as functions of E and ... partial (and spatially local) rates ˙Srad and ˙Sm of the radiation and the medium, respectively (cf Struchtrup (1998)) ˙Srad is obtained from the time-derivative of Eq (26), use of Eq (1), and writing ... v; it is obvious that it must increase for increasing v and for increasing E The Rosseland and Planck averages ofκ ν+σ νare given by 1.42κ1and 1.40κ1, while the emission limit forκ(eff)F given

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... left and right walls are T(x = 0, y) = T H and T(x = L, y) = T C The top and bottom walls being perfectly conducted, T T= H−( )x L T( H−T C), where T H and T C are hot and cold temperature, and ... behaviour and heat transfer mechanism in an inclined square cavity, differentially heated sidewalls and perfectly conducting boundary condition for top and bottom walls Trang 4the computed results and ... angles from 20° to 160°, Rayleigh numbers from 103 to 106 and Prandtl numbers from 0.02 to 4000 Their results indicated that the mean and local heat flux at the hot wall were significantly depend

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... gas): here indices ∞ and s stand for parameters ahead and behind the shock, D – shock velocity, Vτ and Vn – projection of flow velocity on the directions of the tangent τ and the external normal ... mixture and chemical species i; u, v and w – Cartesian velocity components along the axes x, y and z respectively; the total energy of the gas mixture per unit volume e is the sum of internal ε and ... spherical nose and cylindrical edges of the same radius is considered Mach and Reynolds numbers calculated with free stream flow parameters and the wing nose radius are M∞ = 14 and Re∞ = 1.4·104,

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... particle and the wall is unambiguously defined in terms of K Four friction coefficients need to be defined: particle-particle and particle-wall static and dynamic coefficients Interestingly, (and ... compute heat flux using thermal properties (iv) sum all forces and heat fluxes on particles and update particle position and temperatures, and (v) determine the trajectory of the particle by integrating ... alumina and silica; (b) Evolution of average bed temperature for simulation and experiments with alumina The fill level of the calciner is 50% and is rotated at 20rpm in the experiments and simulations

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... monatomic and (b) diatomic one-dimensional chains Here, m and M are the masses of type-A and type-B atoms, a1and a2are the respective lattice constants of the monatomic and diatomic chains, and K ... electron energy and atomic potential V, and from Eq 13  2m ¯h2 c +cos Trang 2Note that the right hand side of Eq 18 restricts the solutions of the left hand side to only existbetween -1 and 1 However, ... itself at the Brillouin zone edge and center as adiscontinuity in the dispersion relation This discontinuity is called a band gap In practice, forelectrons in a single band, the dispersion is often

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Modelling, Numerical Methods and Information Technology 354 Fig 10 Comparison of experimental and simulated bed pressure drop at different time Fig 11 Comparison of experimental and simulated bed pressure ... Mathematical Modelling, Numerical Methods and Information Technology 356 Fig 13 Comparison of experimental and simulated bed expansion ratio Fig 14 Experimental and simulated time-averaged local voidage ... Methods and Information Technology 366 Fig 27 Simulation and experimental results for inlet gas velocity effect on gas temperature in the bed (t=5 min) Fig 28 Comparison of simulation and experimental

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... mainly transferred through convection between gas and particles and between gas and the tube, and conduction among particles and between particles and the tube at low temperature As an example, ... obtained average convective and conductive heat transfer coefficients by three treatments: (1) E=E0=50 GPa, and c=1.0; (2) E=10 MPa, and c=1.0; and (3) E=10 MPa, and c=0.182 Treatment 1 corresponds ... the tube and by the contact number (CN) between the tube and the particles The porosity and CN vary temporally depending on the complicated interactions between the particles and the tube and between

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Delvosalle, C & Vanderschuren, J., (1985) Gas-to-particle and particle-to-particle heat transfer in fluidized beds of large particles Chem Eng Sci., 40, 769-779 Gardiner, C.W.,(1983) Handbook of Stochastic ... circuit component density and functional complexity across the whole spectrum of electronic devices from small handheld units to powerful microprocessors, as evidenced by Figs 1 and 2 Fig 1 Evolution ... as thermoelectric devices and heat pipes; (b) Technologies for enhancing heat exchange between the electronic package and the ambient, such as heat sinks, microchannels and fluid jet cooling The

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Methods and Information Technology 1 2 1 2 2 1 (8) 2 where... as circular channel (Aydin and Avci, 2006), parallel plate and annular channel (Sadeghi and Saidi, 2010), and rectangular ... ;1e;gg == G G and e G is a versor of the coordinate around the loop, and w τ - wall shear stress. Heat Transfer - Mathematical Modelling, Numerical Methods and Information Technology 478 ... with both vertical cooler and heater. Heat Transfer - Mathematical Modelling, Numerical Methods and Information Technology 476 In the case of closed rectangular and toroidal loops with conventional

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... velocity and pressure and to elevate the temperature Moreover, the effect of thermal creep was found to be enhancing the flow rate and heat transfer rate and reducing the maximum gas temperature and ... values of with 0.03 (Chen and Weng, 2008a) The effects of thermal creep for parallel plate and rectangular microchannels have been investigated by Rij et al (2007) and Niazmand et al (2010), respectively ... given by 1 where and are the wall temperatures and is the free stream temperature Chen and Weng afterwards extended their works by taking the effects of thermal creep (2008a) and variable physical

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... heat and moisture diffusion and resulting hygrothermal stress problems (Hartranft and Sih, 1980 a) (Hartranft and Sih, 1980 b, Sih, 1983, Sih, et al., 1980) (Sih and Ogawa, 1982) (Hartranft and ... are: bottom and top adiabatic boundary, left and right isothermal boundary and no-slip condition in the walls (including the partitions) In the solid-gas interface, the temperature and the heat ... temperatures (Darbandi & Hosseinizadeh, 2007) is: 3.2 Boundary onditions and heat flux The temperature used in baking of ceramics is between 1123 K (850 °C) and 1173 K (900 ºC), and the outside

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... converging laminar and turbulent flow development and heat transfer However, as a typical solar radiation dependent device, laminar, transient and turbulent and natural, mixed and forced convection, ... Dimensionless temperatures and heat flux intensities in case of perfect contact between strip and foundation ( h → ∞ or Bi → ∞ ) can be found from the Eqs (5.5), (5.14) and (5.15) at due to friction ... formulae for dimensionless temperature and heat flux intensities both for the strip and foundation at small values of the Trang 52 2As results from solutions (5.31) and (5.32), at small Fourier number

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20