computer networking a topdown approach featuring the internet solutions

... two) of alternating ACK 0 and ACK 1 even if the corresponding data have not arrived at the receiver Would this application design increase the channel utilization? Why? Are there any potential problems ... approach? Explain Answer Yes This actually causes the sender to send a number of pipelined data into the channel Yes Here is one potential problem If data segments are lost in the channel, then ... N peers The server has an upload rate of us = 30 Mbps, and each peer has a download rate of d i = 2 Mbps and an upload rate of u For N = 10, 100, and 1,000 and u = 300 Kbps, 700 Kbps, and 2 Mbps,

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2015, 18:16

... coverts the packet's bits to ananalog signal How much time elapses from when a bit iscreated (from the original analog signal at A) until a bit isdecoded (as part of the analog signal at B) ? Vấn ... host A and B; its transmission rate is 1Mbps and its propagation delay is 2 msec As soon as Host Agathers a packet, it sends it to Host B As soon as Host Breceives an entire packet, it coverts the ... Trang 7Problems 2:Consider an application which transmits data at a steadyrate (e.g., the sender generates a N bit unit of data every ktime units, where k is small and fixed) Also, when such anapplication

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2016, 19:56

... particular, a loss of file data, or data in a financial transaction, can have devastating consequences (in the latter case, for either the bank or the customer!) Other loss tolerant applications, ... In addition to the DARPA Internet-related research, many other important networking activities were underway In Hawaii, Norman Abramson was developing ALOHAnet, a packet-based radio network that ... medium The ATM Layer is the core of the ATM standard It defines the structure of the ATM cell The ATM Adaptation Layer is analogous to the transport layer in the Internet protocol stack ATM includes

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... lines in the code import java.io.*; import java.net.*; java.io and java.net are java packages The java.io package contains classes for input and output streams In particular, the java.io package ... host There are also authentication and authorization problems associated with allowing any user to register a host with the centralized database In summary, a centralized database in a single name ... Type=CNAME, then Value is a canonical hostname for the alias hostname Name This record can provide querying hosts the canonical name for a hostname As an example, (foo.com, relay1.bar.foo.com, CNAME)

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... guarantee the integrity of the data in the datagrams With IP service, datagrams can overflow router buffers and never reach their destination, datagrams can arrive out of order, and bits in the ... description as an extended-FSM since we have added variables (similar to programming language variables) for base and nextseqnum, and also added operations on these variables and conditional actions ... forward from the top of the diagram towards the bottom of the diagram; note that a receive time for a packet is neccessarily later than the send time for a packet as a result of transmisison and

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... the datagram to IP address 223.1.1.4 The link layer then transports the datagram to the router interface 1 The datagram is now in the router, and it is the job the router to move the datagram ... datagram header) these 4 bits are needed to determine where in the IP datagram the data actually begins Most IP datagrams do not contain options so the typical IP datagram has a 20 byte header. ... the transport layer, it encapsulates the segment within an IP datagram, writes the destination address of the host (as well as other fields) on the datagram, and drops the datagram into the network

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... contains a multicast datagram When the unicast datagram arrives at B, B then extracts the multicast datagram B may then forward the multicast datagram on to one of its attached hosts, forward the ... and multicast address fields) is carried as the payload of an IP unicast datagram - a complete multicast IP dagram inside of a unicast IP datagram! The unicast datagram is then addressed to the ... individual connection to each of the receivers What are the drawbacks of this approach compared to the approach that provides native multicast support at the network layer? What are the advantages

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... an IP datagram from one host to another host, with both hosts on the same Ethernet LAN Let the sending adapter, adapter A, have physical address AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA and the receiving adapter, adapter ... network layer That is to say, when adapter A wants to send a datagram to adapter B, adapter A encapsulates the datagram in an Ethernet frame and sends the frame into the LAN, without first "handshaking" ... data, even though this datagram contains data that has already been transmitted at least once Baseband Transmission and Manchester Encoding Ethernet uses baseband transmission, that is, the adapter

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... important gatekeeper services Each terminal can have an alias address, such as the name of the person at the terminal, the e-mail address of the person at the terminal, etc The gateway translates these ... the sampling rate and the number of quantization values the decoded signal can approximate (and even be exactly equal to) the original analog signal Thus, there is a clear tradeoff between the ... network delay, and to accordingly adjust the playout delay at the beginning of each talkspurt This adaptive adjustment of the playout delays at the beginning of the talkspurts will cause the the sender's

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... destination host receives an IP datagram with an AH header, it determines the SA for the packet and then authenticates the integrity of the datagram by processing the authentication data field The ... 7.8-2, a secured datagram is created by surrounding the original IP datagram data with header and trailer fields, and then inserting this encapsulated data into the data field of an IP datagram For ... Intermediate routers process the datagrams just as they always have they examine the destination IP address and route the datagrams accordingly Figure 7.8-1: Position of the AH header in the IP datagram.

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... two) of alternating ACK 0 and ACK 1 even if the corresponding data have not arrived at the receiver Would this application design increase the channel utilization? Why? Are there any potential problems ... approach? Explain Answer Yes This actually causes the sender to send a number of pipelined data into the channel Yes Here is one potential problem If data segments are lost in the channel, then ... N peers The server has an upload rate of us = 30 Mbps, and each peer has a download rate of d i = 2 Mbps and an upload rate of u For N = 10, 100, and 1,000 and u = 300 Kbps, 700 Kbps, and 2 Mbps,

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2015, 19:04

... to the Web application; for example, they are also used for authentication and data encryption for IMAP mail access SSL can be viewed as a layer that sits between the application layer and the ... subsequent payment capture Acquirer gateway: The acquirer gateway is the software component at the merchant's bank It processes the merchant's payment card transaction for authorization and payment ... for fraudulent transactions Thus, if a customer makes a MOTO purchase with a payment card and claims to have never made the purchase, then the merchant is liable, that is, the merchant is legally

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... Ethernet Trường địa chỉ nguồn của khung này chứa địa chỉ MAC của R1, và trường địa chỉ đích chứa địa chỉ MAC của H1 Hình 6.14 : Công dụng của trường địa chỉ trong khung 802.11 , gửi khung giữa ... tạo ra một khung 802.11, làm đầy các trường cho địa chỉ 1, địa chỉ 2 với Địa chỉ MAC của AP và địa chỉ MAC của H1, tương ứng như mô tả ở trên Vì địa chỉ 3H1 chèn địa chỉ MAC của R1 • Khi AP nhận ... hình, địa chỉ MAC của trạm được lắp vào trường địa chỉ 2 Tương tự như vậy, nếu một AP truyền các khung hình, địa chỉ MAC của AP được chèn vào trường địa chỉ 2 • Địa chỉ 1 là địa chỉ MAC của các

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2015, 17:54

... software settable  e.g.: 1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD hexadecimal (base 16) notation (each number represents 4 bits) Trang 43LAN addresses and ARP each adapter on LAN has unique LAN address Trang 44LAN addresses ... CC-49-DE-D0-AB-7D 222.222.222.221 88-B2-2F-54-1A-0F  A creates IP datagram with IP source A, destination B  A creates link-layer frame with R's MAC address as dest, frame contains A-to-B IP datagram ...  R forwards datagram with IP source A, destination B  R creates link-layer frame with B's MAC address as dest, frame contains A-to-B IP datagram MAC src: 1A-23-F9-CD-06-9B MAC dest: 49-BD-D2-C7-56-2A

Ngày tải lên: 10/05/2017, 14:12

... post any slides on a www site, that you note that they are adapted from (or perhaps identical to) our slides, and note our copyright of this material. Thanks and enjoy! JFK/KWR All material copyright ... making these slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers) They’re in PowerPoint form so you see the animations; and can add, modify, and delete slides (including this one) and ... chuyển theo thứ tự) mượt mà hơn variable rate, x(t) TCP send buffer video file TCP receive buffer playout bufferapplication Trang 18Đa phương tiện Streaming: DASH DASH: D ynamic, A daptive S treaming

Ngày tải lên: 21/05/2021, 14:17

... post any slides on a www site, that you note that they are adapted from (or perhaps identical to) our slides, and note our copyright of this material. Thanks and enjoy! JFK/KWR All material copyright ... Internet udpInDatagrams UDP MIB2 management Trang 14Cây định danh đối tượng OSI(OSI Object Identifier Tree) Trang 15agent datamanaged device managing entity trap msgrequest response Trang 16Giao thức ... slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers) They’re in PowerPoint form so you see the animations; and can add, modify, and delete slides (including this one) and slide content

Ngày tải lên: 21/05/2021, 14:18

... them as instruments.3 Data The euro area countries included in the analysis are: Austria, Belgium, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.14 Dataare ... …nancial intermediaries.6 All in all, the fact that monetary policy can a¤ect the balance sheets of banks and detailed description of the role of banks in the monetary policy transmission mechanim. ... entered the euro area towards the end of the sample and therefore in the earlier part of the sample were not exposed to the single monetary policy to the same degree as the original euro area countries.

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... in the nature of a miracle For the general case, it would seem that characterizing a sample of the translator’s art as a good translation is akin to charac- terizing a case of mayhem as a good ... Trang 1[Mechanical Translation, Vol.6, November 1961] A New Approach to the Mechanical Syntactic Analysis of Russian by Ida Rhodes*, National Bureau of Standards This paper categorically ... in a source paper and to obtain the same results,—such a transla- tion may be regarded as a practical one Perhaps the translation is not couched in elegant terms; here and there several alternative

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... develop a cure for AIDS as a country with an Adult Literacy Rate of 99% However, Michael Hart says the Internet has changed a lot in the last year, and not in the. .. didn't take a ... Etext, a "Mass Marketing Approach," and such it was, was finally appropriate, and the release of Alice in Wonderland and Peter Pan signalled beginnings of a widespread production and consumption ... Chapter 0 Introduction Michael Hart is trying to change Human Nature He says Human Nature is all that is stopping the Internet from saving the. .. in the same year the Internet was

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 22:20

... rural areas: 79% of parents in metropolitan areas and 76% of those in urban areas said their child used the Internet compared to 72% of parents in rural areas Finally, fathers, older parents, the ... own computer to access the Internet Chart 8: From the family's computer at home Q5A As far as you are aware, where does your child access the Internet Please list all the places where you are aware ... that their child, as far as they were aware, used the Internet in a public place: Slovenia (19%) and Denmark (22%) Q5A As far as you are aware, where does your child access the Internet Please

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 19:20