computer networking a top down approach featuring the internet

... the datagram to IP address 223.1.1.4 The link layer then transports the datagram to the router interface 1 The datagram is now in the router, and it is the job the router to move the datagram ... datagram header) these 4 bits are needed to determine where in the IP datagram the data actually begins Most IP datagrams do not contain options so the typical IP datagram has a 20 byte header. ... the transport layer, it encapsulates the segment within an IP datagram, writes the destination address of the host (as well as other fields) on the datagram, and drops the datagram into the network

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... Playback attack MAC = f(msg,s) Trang 52“I am Alice” R MAC Transfer $1M from Bill to Susan MAC = f(msg,s,R) Defending against playback attack: nonce Trang 53Digital SignaturesCryptographic ... Want certificate exchange part of protocol: Trang 70Toy SSL: a simple secure channel ❒  Handshake: Alice and Bob use their certificates and private keys to authenticate each other and exchange ... pre_master_secret and nonces 5.  Client sends a MAC of all the handshake messages 6.  Server sends a MAC of all the handshake Trang 82Real SSL: Handshaking (3) Last 2 steps protect handshake from

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... Ethernet Trường địa chỉ nguồn của khung này chứa địa chỉ MAC của R1, và trường địa chỉ đích chứa địa chỉ MAC của H1 Hình 6.14 : Công dụng của trường địa chỉ trong khung 802.11 , gửi khung giữa ... tạo ra một khung 802.11, làm đầy các trường cho địa chỉ 1, địa chỉ 2 với Địa chỉ MAC của AP và địa chỉ MAC của H1, tương ứng như mô tả ở trên Vì địa chỉ 3H1 chèn địa chỉ MAC của R1 • Khi AP nhận ... hình, địa chỉ MAC của trạm được lắp vào trường địa chỉ 2 Tương tự như vậy, nếu một AP truyền các khung hình, địa chỉ MAC của AP được chèn vào trường địa chỉ 2 • Địa chỉ 1 là địa chỉ MAC của các

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2015, 17:54

... software settable  e.g.: 1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD hexadecimal (base 16) notation (each number represents 4 bits) Trang 43LAN addresses and ARP each adapter on LAN has unique LAN address Trang 44LAN addresses ... CC-49-DE-D0-AB-7D 222.222.222.221 88-B2-2F-54-1A-0F  A creates IP datagram with IP source A, destination B  A creates link-layer frame with R's MAC address as dest, frame contains A-to-B IP datagram ...  R forwards datagram with IP source A, destination B  R creates link-layer frame with B's MAC address as dest, frame contains A-to-B IP datagram MAC src: 1A-23-F9-CD-06-9B MAC dest: 49-BD-D2-C7-56-2A

Ngày tải lên: 10/05/2017, 14:12

... Mạng đa phương tiện A note on the use of these ppt slides: We’re making these slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers) They’re in PowerPoint form so you see the animations; and ... (or perhaps identical to) our slides, and note our copyright of this material Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley March 2012 Thanks and enjoy! ... you use these slides (e.g., in a class) that you mention their source (after all, we’d like people to use our book!)  If you post any slides on a www site, that you note that they are adapted

Ngày tải lên: 21/05/2021, 14:17

... post any slides on a www site, that you note that they are adapted from (or perhaps identical to) our slides, and note our copyright of this material. Thanks and enjoy! JFK/KWR All material copyright ... Internet udpInDatagrams UDP MIB2 management Trang 14Cây định danh đối tượng OSI(OSI Object Identifier Tree) Trang 15agent datamanaged device managing entity trap msgrequest response Trang 16Giao thức ... Trang 1Chương 9Quản lý mạng Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley March 2012 A note on the use of these ppt slides: We’re making these

Ngày tải lên: 21/05/2021, 14:18

... Marco Iosa (m.iosa@hsantalucia.it)Marco Molinari (m.molinari@hsantalucia.it)Federica Tamburella (f.tamburella@hsantalucia.it)Ander Ramos (ander.ramos@gmail.com)Andrea Caria (andrea.caria@uni-tuebingen.de)Teodoro ... analysis and rehabilitation [6] Traditional approaches towards rehabilitation can be qualified as bottom-up approaches: they act on the distal physical level (bottom) aiming at influencing the neural ... researchers are pursuing a top-down approach, consisting on defining the rehabilitation therapies based on the state of the brain after stroke This paper aims at providing an integrative view of the top-down

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... demographic analyses Roughly the same matrix algebraic approach is now readily applicable to a much wider array of biological and evolutionary prob-lems And on and on Once Geographical Information ... in Landscape Ecology Jim Sanderson and Larry D Harris 6 Landscape and Edge Effects on Population Dynamics: Approaches and Examples Lennart Hansson Part III Landscape Theory and Practice Larry ... Sanderson and Larry D Harris 3 The Presence of the Past Jim Sanderson and Larry D Harris 4 Landforms and Landscapes Jim Sanderson and Larry D Harris Part II The Ecology of Landscapes 5 The Ecology

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... particular species of animals Andrewartha and Birch (1954) considered food, weather, other animals, and “a place in which to live” as the four cornerstones of their theory Later, Andrewartha and ... Trophic–Dynamic Theory Inductive reasoning allows generalization of a class after reasoning about a particular member of the class For instance, if we observed that all swans in a particular lake were ... An example of a relatively new theory is that the sun, as opposed to the earth, is at the center of the solar system Until 400 years ago, humans believed that the earth was the center and that

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Consider the Aral Sea in Asia as an example 4. 7 Design a reserve to protect sea turtles Note that 99.99% of their lives are spent in the open sea 4. 8 Compare and contrast landscapes and seascapes ... forest that extends across Siberia, the largest tract of forest on earth, constitute an ecosystem or a landscape? How does an elevational gradient cre - ate landscapes? What is the analog of the ... the Botku Mountains of Chad, 700 km northeast of Lake Chad, wind has stripped away the soil and is abrasively wearing away the exposed bedrock. Wind is also a depositional process. Great Sand

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... even a particular static pattern in the landscape, but rather a spatial and temporal variance struc-ture of all components of the landscape Deer and Songbirds Species richness and abundance of ... capa-bilities Birch was careful to add that factors other than weather were also important in determining the numbers of many animals Local weather pat-terns are, in part, determined by landscape ... fragmented landscapes the cowbird popula-tions may be more limited by the availability of hosts and may saturate the available breeding habitat, resulting in high levels of parasitism even in the interior

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... representation of nature until 10 to 15 years ago There was a gradual change in the late 1980s and a more pronounced one in the 1990s, particularly with the re-apprehension of the metapopulation approach ... unstable, either with regard to fluctuation patterns or to local persistence Adjacent habitats may show multiannual variations in quality for a certain species A fairly extreme case is the mast ... the clear-cuts were then really huge At the same time, a lot of agricultural land was abandoned in the same region Early succes-sional, grassy patches on forest ground are prime habitats for

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Each grid cell is assigned a habitat value for a particular organism At first appearance, the landscape appears to have many favorable cells, and one might conclude that populations of the partic-ular ... Aral Sea in Asia and the nearly total degradation of land- and sea-scape processes was achieved by humans in less than 30 years Cattle have overgrazed the western U.S from Mexico to Canada, at ... suboptimal habitat a value of 6, marginal a value of 4, and invasible 2 Nontraversable habitat has a value of 0 Note that C1 above is optimal habitat for S1 and so has a value of 8 while simultaneously

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... orga- nizational status of the ecological community. In addition, the ascendency can be readily adapted to quantify the patterns of physical movements of biota across a landscape. In particular, ... arbitrary change happens to increase the rate at which materials and exergy are brought into a particular compartment. This event would enhance the ability of that compartment to catalyze the downstream ... Comparisions of Outlooks Mechanism (Newtonianism) Organism (Holism) Stochasticism (Nominalism) Material, Mechanical Material, Mechanical Formal, Final Material, Mechanical Atomistic Integral Atomistic

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... shopping areas, extended water and sewer services, and roadways that further encroach into farmland, ranches, and open space Coastal areas, the South, and the intermountain West face particularly acute ... greenways and bike trails Other models for cooperative land use planning at the federal level are the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) and the Coastal Barriers Resources Act (CBRA) A voluntary ... pro-gram, CZMA provides federal assistance to states that develop coastal man-agement plans and ensures that subsequent federal actions will be consistent with the plans An innovative approach

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... environment in the same traditional way he has for centuries A National Park contains special landscapes and an important flora and fauna France: A National Park is an area that is nearly uninhabited, ... special protection because of its natural beauty and special ecosystems and where the core area is managed as a nature reserve The Netherlands: A National Park is a single area of at least 1000 ha ... conditions for the inspiring educational, cultural, and natural values The area must be managed as a whole Germany: A National Park is an area of a larger size, slightly influenced by man and that deserves

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... drivers and (2) cells within a parcel, relative weights for each driving variable are assigned, and these are then used to calculate urban tran- sition values for each cell in an area. All land transition ... conceptually how land use transitions are deter- mined in the LTM. This hypothetical landscape contains three agricultural parcels: a small parcel near a highway, a large parcel some distance away FIGURE ... from the nearest road intersection, and these values are then spatially scaled to create grids with relative probability values where the largest values are assigned 10 and the smallest values

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... channel Wait for call from above rdt_send(data) packet = make_pkt(data) udt_send(packet) sender Wait for call from below rdt_rcv(packet) extract (packet,data) deliver_data(data) receiver Transport ... notcorrupt(rcvpkt) extract(rcvpkt,data) deliver_data(data) udt_send(ACK) Transport Layer 3- rdt2.0 has a fatal flaw! What happens if ACK/NAK corrupted? Ì sender doesn’t know what happened at receiver! Ì can’t ... one transport protocol available to apps r Internet: TCP and UDP application transport network data link physical application transport network data link physical Transport Layer 3-4 Transport...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 16:20

... 15:51:48 ATMover (AAL), the ATM Layer, and the ATM Physical Layer: ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) ATM Layer ATM Physical Layer Figure 1.10-1: The three ATM layers The ATM Physical Layer deals with voltages, ... and framing on the physical medium The ATM Layer is the core of the ATM standard It defines the structure of the ATM cell The ATM Adaptation Layer is analogous to the transport layer in the Internet ... special AAL type, AAL5, has been developed to allow TCP/IP to interface with ATM At the IP-toATM interface, AAL5 prepares IP datagrams for ATM transport; at the ATM-to-IP interface, AAL5 reassembles...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21