choosing a suitable structure model for fpt media

... boundary and the boundary variables are treated as P0 / -S primal events The unit models describe both normal and failed behavior and depend on a wide variety of operating parameters and failure ... i.e changes from the normal, steady-state value The output variable is the variable of immediate concern, here V2 Changes in the output variable are caused by changes in the input variable, VI ... the causal relationships between variables including normal and failed states The basic elements of a digraph are shown in figure for conduction in a wire Node labels represent deviation variables,...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:37

... have to be evaluated on a case by case basis to calculate the exact costs or savings produced by the various interacting variables Consequently, there is a need for an interactive computer model ... Barnea, A. , R .A Haugen and L.W Senbet, A Rationale for Debt Maturity Structure and Call Provisions in the Agency Theoretic Framework,” Journal of Finance 35, 1980, pp 1223-1234 Boyce, W.M and ... and A. J Kalotay, “Optimal Bond Calling and Refunding,” Interfaces 9, 1979, pp 36-49 Brennan, M.J and E.S Schwartz, “Savings Bonds, Retractable Bonds and Callable Bonds,” Journal of Financial Economics...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... outlined above by introducing a very fundamental data structure called Initiative (Fig 3) An initiative is a generalization of any form of action that has a defined start and end date and is undertaken ... Integration management Scope management Time management Cost management Quality management Human resource management Communications management Risk management Procurement management (Semi-)Formal models ... can ensure that all necessary approval steps are carried out before a project actually begins Each project plan can be archived as often as necessary by means of a plan version (PlanVersion) A...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20

... topics that are organized into hierarchies following (Haghighi and Vanderwende, 2009) A hierarchical model is particularly appealing to summarization than a ”flat” model, e.g LDA (Blei et al., 2003b), ... (recall against unigrams), R-2 (recall against bigrams), and R-SU4 (recall against skip-4 bigrams) Experiment 1: sumHLDA Parameter Analysis: In sumHLDA we introduce a prior different than the standard ... summarization quality on manual and automatic evaluation metrics D M Blei, A Ng, and M Jordan Latent dirichlet allocation In Jrnl Machine Learning Research, 3:993-1022, 2003b S.R.K Branavan,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... development in information retrieval, pages 314-321 ACM Giambattista Amati, Edgardo Ambrosi, Marco Bianchi, Carlo Gaibisso, and Giorgio Gambosi 2007 FUB, IASI-CNR and University of Tor Vergata at TREC ... contextual information between the opinion and its corresponding target, Avatar in A and com- 1368 fortable (o1) are also regarded as relevant opinion mistakenly, creating a false positive In reality ... best performance in all the evaluation metrics Our baseline, ROSC and GORM which were sentence-based approaches achieved better performance than the document-based approaches by 20% in average Moreover,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... Mladov´ , a a a s a ˇ Jana Sindlerov´ , Krist´ na Tomˇu, and Zdenˇ k a y s˚ e ˇ Zabokrtsk´ 2009 Tectogrammatical Annotation y of the Wall Street Journal The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics, ... no parser currently exists for the TDS representation, we utilize a state of the art parser for PS trees (Charniak, 1999), and transform each candidate to TDS This strategy can be considered a ... track of the original PS of each TDS candidate This provides an implicit advantage for evaluating our system, viz it allows us to evaluate the re-ranked structures both in terms of the standard...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... spaces As shown above, the performance is dependent of the language model (n-gram) performance Jaso transition probabilities can be obtained easily from small corpus because the number of Jaso ... combination of Jasos, the number of all possible Eumjeols is much larger than that of all possible Jasos In other words, Jaso-based language model is smaller than Eumjeol-based language model Various ... In this case, we treat the whole Eojeols as one transition unit, and build an Eojeol transition pattern dictionary for these special cases A Joint Statistical Model for Word Spacing and Spelling...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Recognition Evaluation (LRE) data The database was intended to establish a baseline of performance capability for language recognition of conversational telephone speech The database contains recorded ... spectra for each language (Sugiyama, 1991) By adopting hidden Markov models, people moved beyond low-level spectral analysis towards modeling a frame sequence into a larger unit such as a phoneme and ... in a lower dimensional Q-space, that makes the bag-ofsounds phonotactic language modeling, λlLM , and classification computationally manageable Suppose we have only one prototypical vector cl and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... Tillmann and Fei Xia 2003 A Phrase-based Unigram Model for Statistical Machine Translation In Companian Vol of the Joint HLT and NAACL Conference (HLT 03), pages 106–108, Edmonton, Canada, June ... that indicate that this approach has some advantages over localized models such as Eq 5, the potential improvements are relatively small, at least in NLP applications For SMT, the difference can ... sentence pairs that contain at least one out of these phrases: the ’LDC’ training data contains about thousand sentence pairs and the ’MT03’ training data contains about thousand sentence pairs Two...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... glottalization is usually associated with fragments, not all fragments are glottalized In our database, 62% of fragments are not glottalized, and 9% of glottalized reparanda offsets are not fragments ... for a spoken language corpus In Proceedings of the Speech and Natural Language Workshop, pages 7-14, Harriman NY, February DARPA, Morgan Kaufmann Christine Nakatani and Julia Hirschberg 1993 A ... repairs, as well as to distinguish them from nonfragment repairs Thus, pausal duration may serve as a general acoustic cue for repair detection, particularly for the class of fragment repairs...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... 7.0 and materials designed in Maya RESULTS A virtual reality model of surgical superficial facial anatomy was created Included in this model are the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), ... clearly demonstrate anatomical relationships in an effort to minimize artifacts inherent in the method just described for translation of a human cadaver into a three-dimensional model These manipulations ... future applications may allow for the warping of the idealized anatomical models described here to best-fit landmarks of individual patients For example, if a three-dimensional model of a patient’s...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... boundary tags to include POS information by attaching a POS to the tail of a boundary tag as a postfix following Ng and Low (2004) As each tag is now composed of a boundary part and a POS part, ... segmentation and POS tagging jointly in a uniform framework According to Ng and Low (2004), the segmentation 898 task can be transformed to a tagging problem by assigning each character a boundary ... drawbacks, we propose a cascaded linear model It has a two-layer architecture, with a perceptron as the core and another linear model as the outside-layer Instead of incorporating all features into the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp.218-224 COLING-ACL’98 Lance A Ramshaw and Michael P Marcus ( In Press) Text chunking using transformation-based learning In Natural Language ... sequences, parameters (3) and (4) can be calculated, The calculation formulas are similar with equations (13) and (14) respectively Before training trigram model (3), all possible baseNP rules ... globally and assigned a score to each possible baseNP structures However, they did not consider any lexical information This paper presents a novel statistical approach to baseNP identification,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... Web, pages 95–103 Inderjeet Mani and Mark Maybury, editors 1999 Advances in Automatic Text Summarization The MIT Press Inderjeet Mani 2001 Automatic summarization William C Mann and Sandra A Thompson ... to assist aphasic readers In Proceedings of the AAAI-98 Workshop on Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Assistive Technology R Chandrasekar, Christy Doran, and Srinivas Bangalore 1996 Motivations ... compress a N UC =C ONTRAST that has two children, N UC =S PAN and S AT = EVALUATION, we can drop the evaluation satellite Similarly, we can compress a N UC =C ONTRAST that has two children, S AT =...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... operating cost AMDF Army Master Data File AMSAA Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity ASL Authorized Stockage List AWCF Army Working Capital Fund CAA Center for Army Analysis CBO Congressional Budget ... rather than separate location variables and coefficients, and we treated the variant’s annual mileage-by-age figures as usage values in the equations After calculating EDA-based repair costs by age, ... data for each vehicle, we averaged the data over the study period rather than using panel-data analytic techniques As more years of data on individual vehicles become available, it may be advantageous...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 21:20

... Theory and Application, chapter 9, pages 116–150 Addison Wesley David Chiang 2005 A hierarchical phrase-based model for statistical machine translation In Proc ACL, pages 263–270 Association for ... is a characterization Thus we obtain that τ is an evaluation of a tree transformation computed by an extended tree transducer, and moreover, for each extended tree transducer, the evaluation can ... Arnold and Dauchet (1982), Graehl et al (2008), and Graehl et al (2009) for a more detailed exposition to XTT Synchronous tree-adjoining grammar XTT are a simple, natural model for tree transformations,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... which are identified by a name and bear a value This data model is immediately suitable for simple text annotations For example in a positional annotation, name-value pairs (features) can be assigned ... de-facto standard representation format for annotated text corpora While the XML standard specifies a data model and serialization format for XML, a semantics is largely left to be defined for a particular ... 2.5 ATLAS The ATLAS project (Laprun et al., 02) implements a three tier data model model, resembling the separation of medial, locational and annotation tiers This approach features two characteristic...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1979 [American Express transcripts, 1992] American Express tapes Transcripts of audiotape conversations made at SRI International, Menlo Park, California Prepared by Jaequeline ... types of adjacency pairs [Levinson, 1983], we expect that this approach can be extended to them as well Finally, a discourse-plan-based approach to implicature has significant advantages over a licensingrule-based ... licensing-rule-based approaches in handling backward cancellation and multipleutterance responses [Green and Carberry, 1992] References [Allen, 1979] James F Allen A Plan-Based Approach 1o Speech Act Recognition...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... disambiguation of "a" in (la) proceeds as follows: l properties and their negation, as shown in Figure below A path from grade and student, s, in addition to disambiguating grade, determines that ... "cognitive plausibility' requirement, we require that the model preserve formal properties that are generally attributed to quantifiers in natural language References Alshawi, H (1990) Resolving Quasi ... C N and Pollack, M E (1991) Incremental Interpretation, Artificial Intelligence, 50 Wang, P (1994), From Inheritance Relation to NonAxiomatic Logic, International Journal of Approximate Reasoning,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20