characteristics of sewage sludge and biosolids

... Land application of sewage sludge and biosolids / Eliot Epstein. p cm. ISBN 1-56670-624-6 (alk paper) 1 Land treatment of wastewater 2 Sewage disposal in the ground Environmental aspects 3 Sewage ... humus And the life of insects and of animals and of men which was sustained upon the life of these plants and upon the life of other animals, all these creatures too have enriched the surface of ... 12%,landfilling and surface disposal decreased, incineration increased, and ocean dis-posal ceased Figure 1.1 Use and disposal of sewage sludge and biosolids in the United States (USEPA, 1993). LAND...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... CHAPTER 2 Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Biosolids INTRODUCTION The characteristics of biosolids play an important part in their use for land application. They can ... Sewart, 1997, Dioxins and furans in sewage sludges: A review of their occurrence and sources in sludge and of their environmental fate, behavior, and significance in sludge- amended ... Sewage 100(8): 29 5–301 Miller, R.H., 1973, Soil microbial aspects of recycling sewage sludges and waste effluents on land, pp 79–90 Recycling Municipal Sludges and Effluents on Land,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... approximately 2 million dry tons of sludge and biosolids This approximates to 10 million wet tons Assuming an average of 4% nitrogen, the N in sewage sludge and biosolids would amount to about ... reproductive growth, and seed and fruit yield (Römheld and Marschner, 1991) Table 3.4 Concentration of Plant Micronutrients in Sewage Sludge and Biosolids Micronutrient Number of Median Percent ... determining the rate of biosolids application, potential for crop uptake, and potential for leaching The amount of N mineralized is a function of several environmental factors and the type of biosolids...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... Syn-drome and pain in inguinal (groin) and lumbar regions and joints Other manifes-tations were proteinuria and glycosuria and an increase of serum alkaline-phos-phate and decrease of inorganic ... of rice A typical consumption of 300 g per day of ricecontaining 1 ppm of Cd would result in an addition of 300 mg Cd McKenzie and Eyon (1987) and McKenzie et al (1988) reported that NewZealand ... treatment plant and into biosolids As an example, Table 4.1 shows the concentration of trace elements in yard waste The subject of trace elements in biosolids and their impact on human health andthe environment...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... Effect of Sewage Sludge and Biosolids on Uptake of Trace Elements and Reactions in Soil INTRODUCTION The reactions of trace elements and plant micronutrients in soil and their uptake and accumulation ... applications of sewage sludge, Sci Total Environ 227: 13–28 ©2003 CRC Press LLC Beckett, P.H.T., R.D Davies and P Brindley, 1979, The disposal of sewage sludge onto farmland: The scope of ... Utilization of municipal wastewater and sludges on land- metals, in Workshop on Utilization of Municipal Wastewater and Sludge on Land, Denver, CO McBride, M.B, 19 85, Sorption of copper...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... the fate of organic compounds during wastewater treatment. The data on organic compounds in sewage sludge and biosolids were presented in Chapter 2, Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Biosolids. ... The rate of loss depended on biosolids’ application rate, method of application, soil properties and compound characteristics. When biosolids are applied to land, the loss of VOCs, PCBs and chlorophenols ... Dioxins and furans in sewage sludges: A review of their occurrence and sources in sludge and of their environmental fate, behavior and significance in sludge- amended agricultural...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... governs landapplication of biosolids, including distribution and marketing of biosolid products.The intent of the rule was to encourage beneficial use of biosolids while protectinghuman health and ... treatmentprior to land application Land application of biosolids requires the disinfection andstabilization of biosolids The objective is to reduce the level of pathogens, reducevector attraction and produce ... exposure, infectivity and risk; effect of wastewatertreatment on removal of pathogens; and effect of biosolids treatment on destruction bio-of pathogens Survival in soils and plants is covered...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... Iskandar and L.E Sommers (Eds.), Utilization of Municipal Wastewater and Sludge on Land, University of California, Riverside Gerba, C.P., C Wallis and J.L Melnick, 1975, Fate of ... foodstuffs and agricultural soil by viruses, pp 102–115, B.P Sagic and C.A Sorber (Eds.), Risk Assessment and Health Effects of Land Application of Municipal Wastewater and Sludges, ... Sedita and K.C Rao, 1979, Viral and bacterial levels resulting from land application of digested sludge, pp 445–462, W.E Sopper and S.N Kerr (Eds.), Utilization of Municipal Sewage...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... application of biosolids to forestland Much of the research was done at the University of Washington Early studies concentrated on forest seedling treated with sewage sludge, biosolids, or biosolids ... well to biosolids Reclamation One of the best potential uses of biosolids is in reclaiming disturbed lands Sopper (1993) reported that most of the disturbed lands are from mining of coal, sand, ... effort was spent on the pros and cons of sludge and biosolids application with respect to heavy metal uptake, many researchers lost sight of the economic value of biosolids application In many...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... 10Effect of Land Application of Biosolids on Animals and Other Organisms INTRODUCTION Land application of biosolids can affect domestic animals and wildlife through the direct ingestion of soil, ... the accumulation of potentially toxic elements by direct ingestion of soil and sewage sludge They fed weaned lambs diets comprising dried grass and various quantities of soil and sludge There was ... control and exposed animals The study also evaluated the effect of direct feeding of biosolids as a percentage of the cattle diet Table 10.2 Element Content of Kidneys of Cattle as Affected by Sewage...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in sewage sludge that is applied to the land, as well as monitoring, record keeping and reporting requirements for dioxins in land-applied sewage sludge Much of the ... document Courtesy of Dr J Walker. 4. USEPA Office of Research and Development Environmental Regulations and Technology Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge. EPA/625/R-92/013 ... Application of Biosolids to Soil1 Sludge–soil– plant–human Protection of consumers who eat produce grown in soil using sewage sludge 2.5% of intake of grains, vegetables, potatoes, legumes and garden...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... classification of waste sludge 6 1.1.2 Origin, nature and characteristics of sludge 9 1.1.3 Regulations and standards on sludge 13 1.1.4 The impact of the sludge on the environment and human health ... hydroxide or biological sludge 1.1.2 Origin, nature and characteristics of sludge  Origin of sludge: - Sludge from sewerage system, canals: compositions and properties of sludge mainly are organic ... chemicals and pesticides The amount of sludge increases with the level of population growth and production growth Quantity of sludge often very large and polluting the environment if not handled...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2021, 21:08

... into tar and charcoal  Combustion and tar cracking  burning of charcoal and tar to provide heat for the rest of the processes and the thermal crack-ing of a portion of the tar into CO and H2(syngas) ... PWG stands for pure wood chips gasification; 20SWCG stands for 20 wt.% sewage sludge and 80 wt.% wood chips co-gasification. Table 2 The pH values and concentration of alkali and heavy metals of bottom ... those human cells 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Collection of sewage sludge and bottom ash samples from gasification Sewage sludge samples were obtained from the Ulu Pandan Water Reclamation Plant,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/08/2016, 09:34

... velocities of sludge as a function of their fractal structure (Johnson et al., 1996) Thus, measurement of the fractal dimension of sludge is of considerable interest Hydrophobicity of sludge plays ... the software of Fractal Image Process System (FIPS) developed by the University Science and Technology of China The hydrophobicity of sludge was determined by measuring contact angle of sludge ... composed of H2 and CO2, and the mixed liquor was composed of VFA and ethanol Fig 2 illustrates the experimental results of Run 1 The H2 percentage in the reactor headspace gradually increased and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... intensity of sewage overflows and sewage treatment bypasses The EPA’s Office of Research and Development is currently assessing the potential impacts of climate change on the frequency and size of CSOs ... raw sewage discharges out of America’s streets, waterways, and basements and make public reporting and notification of sewer overflows mandatory The rule was based on consensus recommendations of ... effective sewage treatment regimes and better assessment of the risk of exposure to raw sewage overflows Pathogens A small drop of fecal matter can contain millions of microorganisms of many types,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... all GPRF practices in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and a random sample of practices in England up to a total of 500 practices One hundred practices were recruited and all took part in the ... and standard deviations of scores for team function and organisational behaviour measures, for general and diabetes specific measures and illness sickness absence and intention to leave GPs and ... considerable amount of coding of frequency of dose data (usually entered as text rather than coded data) and coding of maximum doses of drugs to allow the identification of a population of patients who...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... Transcription characteristics analysis of UL45 gene The s tandard curve of PMD18-T/UL45 and PMD18-T/ b-actin showed the FQ-P CR was excellent at perfor- man ce (fig. 9, 10, 11 and 12). The integrality and ... genome of DEV CHv-strain to amplify the UL45 and UL45Δ gene. Electrophoresis analysis results of amplified products showed that the size of UL45 and UL45Δ gene was the same as expected. The UL45 and ... the construction of cloning and expres- sion plasmids, expression of UL45Δ fusion protein, pro- duction of polyclonal antibody, time course of transcription and protein characteristics analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:21

... Part III. Influence of incorporating other polymers on the properties of the alginate matrix A. Light transmittance, thickness and percent weight loss of films and FTIR spectroscopy The ... because of the quality of scattered and reflected light. This will result in lower transmittance values of the composite materials than those obtained from individual polymers (Zhou and Zhang, ... exception of having only sulphate group (Figure 3) but the transmittance of uncross-linked AK was significantly lower than that of uncross-linked AI. The addition of κ-carrageenan and gellan...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 17:43

... of CAI 0 .25 and CAI 0.35 films indicating that 0 .25 g of CaCO3 was sufficient... CAI 0 .25 CAI 0 .25 S and CAI 0 .25 N was observed (p>0.05), indicating that size and number of ... increased availability of Ca2+ was accompanied by higher level of CO2 liberation Hence, formation of films of comparable tensile strength resulted as the positive effect of cross-linking ... the pH of the medium used promoted interactions between Ca2+ and alginate The displacement of Ca2+ by H+ could be controlled by careful manipulation of the pH of the ...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 17:44

... strength of MP and LH films despite using different concentrations of CaCl2 solutions (0.15, 0.3 and 0.5 M) for cross-linking The extent of cross-linking between polymer chains determined the level of ... before and after linking would give a more accurate picture of the influence of cross-linking for each type of sodium alginate used In this study, the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of ... mean size and extent of cross-linking The same trend was observed between NI and FL microspheres with respect to mean size MA, FL and NI had viscosities in the range of 308-390 mPa.s and produced...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 17:45