c4 species and the global plant trait network

... together by linking C4 biochemistry, C4 anatomy, and the biogeography of C4 plants It is the efforts of these and the many other researchers who made the telling of the C4 story possible Their ... of C4 photosynthesis following the first publication of the C4 pathway in 1967 stands out as one of the most exciting eras in the plant sciences As the C4 photosynthesis was characterized, plant ... detailed theoretical model of C4 photosynthesis The distribution of the C4 flora around the world, and underlying ecological and physiological drivers for the distribution were reviewed, and for the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/04/2015, 17:20

... communication, the author contemplates these actors’ framing strategies in ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS connection with the crises above and the way these are affected by the media, using the case study of the ... weighing the full gamut of risks, costs and benefits of handling these hazards using a multicriteria and systems approach towards the setting of policy priorities and resource sharing In addition to and ... will implement the packages above worth more than US$2.3 trillion between 2008 and 2010 These are the largest global fiscal stimuli in history and at the same time could be considered the greatest...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:56

... insurance for CCA and DRR (e.g Kunreuther, 1996; Kunreuther and Michel-Kerjan, 2007) and insurance under uncertainty (e.g Kunreuther, 1976; Schoemaker and Kunreuther, 1979; Hogarth and Kunreuther, 1985) ... exist in the literature While Turner et al (2003) attribute coping capacity and adaptive capacity as separate dimensions of resilience, Smit and Wandel (2006) lump them together To Smit and Wandel ... and Wandel (2006), vulnerability of the system to a particular hazard is reflective of the system’s exposure, sensitivity to the hazard and its resilience to the hazard Adaptive capacity, or the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:56

... dissolve and still retain the original function of the organization By enhancing the understanding of how these shadow systems and other institutional factors promote resilience, institutions and ... include the Sea Grant Program in the US, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) of the UNFCCC, the Stockholm Environment Institute, and ProVention Consortium of the World ... The Leitner Family Fund, the Yale Council on Latin American and Iberian Studies, the Yale Council on South Asian Studies, the Global Institute on Sustainable Forestry, Yale Forest Forum and the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:56

... to the landfall data Figures 4a and 4b show these data Thus one need not invoke either the vagaries of chance or flawed data to explain the different statistics observed in the basin and for landfall ... hurricane landfalls The data record for named storms in the NATL basin, unlike the landfall record, does indicate statistical non-stationarity over the 20th century and the latter half of the 19th ... the variability in landfalls 3.2 Landfall rates and proportion Table shows for three different periods – 1900 – 2008, 1951–2008 and 1979–2008 – the frequency of annual landfalls in the first and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... hurricane landfalls and their impacts will be those who best match their decisions to what can and cannot be known about the uncertain future And such wisdom starts with understanding the historical ... judging the likelihood of future events and their impacts Figure shows the frequency of landfalling hurricanes per year for the period 1851 –2008 (other time periods are shown in Table 2, and decision ... change risks, and discusses the analytical underpinnings of its recommendations The focus is on the two main recommendations of the report: the target for 2050, discussed in Section 2, and the first...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... technologies on the functioning of the electricity market There is also the question of how to tackle airline emissions and bring international aviation and shipping into the carbon budgeting system The ... in the earth’s atmosphere since the industrial revolution (mainly since the late 19th century), predominantly due to the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other land use changes These ... ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS The road ahead The initial work of the CCC was about setting targets, both over the long term (2050) and more immediately for the first three carbon budgets (2008 –2022) The CCC’s recommendations...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... as the location, age and type of buildings or land use The vulnerability component of the model quantifies the impact of the natural hazard on the properties at risk, which may be done by the ... at this moment, the storm surge barriers of the Deltaworks in the Netherlands are insufficiently prepared for (further) rises in sea level and are likely to require adjustments in the future A cost ... of the hazard, such as the location of a flood, flood depth and flow velocities of water, wind speeds, and frequency of occurrence of the hazard The portfolio of properties at risk component of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... W., van den Bergh, J C J M and Bouwer, L M., 2009a Climate change and increased risk for the insurance sector: a global perspective and an assessment for the Netherlands Natural Hazards, forthcoming ... The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance – Issues and Practice, 25(4) 582 –601 Dlugolecki, A F., 2008 Climate change and the insurance sector The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance – Issues and ... compounded crises and how these are affected by the media context in which they are communicated The study rests on a case study examining The Australian’s reporting of the drought in the Murray– Darling...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... emphasized by the description of decisions as ‘irreversible’ The framing of the situation as a tragic choice set the tone of the reporting and underlined both the complexity and the urgency of the situation ... decade ago’ (The Australian, September 2008), and ‘Water dries up life on the land – Randall Crozier stands in the barren paddock, frowning at the drought-bleached desert sand’ (The Australian, ... (mismanagement and climate change), they were not uncontested by other actors On the contrary, this was the theme that provoked the most heated political debate In contrast to the other two frames, the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... the fact that Minister Penny Wong was the minister for climate change and water The Coorong Wetlands are one of the most important wetlands in Australia The wetland consists of ocean beach, the ... is separated from the Southern Ocean by a narrow sand dune peninsula Lakes Alexandrina and Albert form the mouth of the Murray River and are comprised of fresh to saline waters The Coorong’s fragile ... how other actors ought to frame the crisis One example was when the scientists urged the political actors to stop arguing over the link between the drought and climate change for fear that the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... replaced the nursery beds and breeding ground of the lagoon and these areas were called Con However, there were 32 % respondents have no concerns about these impacts They have no idea and they don’t ... government The contract allows them to operate the farm for to years depending on the communes, soil type and quality and farm position The remaining farms owners have the right to operate their farms ... brackish and marine waters and the tidal regime is semi-diurnal The lagoon receives inflows from five rivers and exchanges water with the ocean through the Thuan An and Tu Hien river mouths These...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 10:15

... 11, and 1,000 mg/kg, and the percentage of the oxidative derivative of the monoester and of MIDP at the same doses were, respectively, 25 and 30%, 14 and 26%, and 13 and 13% The data suggest a ... estimated from the total radioactivity excreted in urine and bile or retained in the carcass at the end of 72 hours, and were 56, 46, and 17% for the low, medium, and high doses, respectively The remainder ... Next, the CERHR prepares the NTP-CERHR monograph The NTP-CERHR monograph includes the NTP brief on the chemical evaluated, the expert panel report, and all public comments The goal of the NTP...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... if there were another round of this in Great Britain as a result of the HSE draft The Politics and Economics of Cancer Prevention The Baltimore example and the documentation of the ongoing and ... in steel and other alloy production Chromium III and Chromium VI are used in chrome plating, the manufacture of dyes and pigments, leather tanning and wood preserving Used primarily in the production ... carpenters and other construction workers (OR=3.6 and 4.7 for 110 years and greater than 10 years of employment respectively), and for material handling and related equipment operators, dockers and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20

... Section 4) The changes in the storage of lakes and dams is measured as the difference in the amount of storage at the start and end of the reference period 3.4 Data sources Data for the stock ... development) and so they were not included in the estimation for the coefficient The coefficient was determined for the business needs of the offices that run the property operators and developers ... equipment; and other machinery and equipment Wood and paper product manufacturing (includes only log sawmilling and timber dressing; and paper and paper product manufacturing) Petroleum and chemical...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... after the tests, and of not testing the weapons on the east coast, so that the fallout could drift over the Atlantic, instead of over the US Just as there is great debate over the content of the ... environmental factors and whether there are ethical grounds, such as the right to life, and the right to equal protection, for additional investigation and regulation of these factors The environmental ... weakened evidentiary standards for proof of harm, or whether the current standards ought to be maintained These current standards place the burden of proof on the potential victim In the case of cancer,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... hearths and the smoke associated with them often have considerable practical value, for instance in insect control, lighting, the drying of food and fuel, and the flavouring of foods (3) Many of the ... of fuel and stove (11, 27, 29, 30, 32–36), whether a child stayed in the smoke (24, 29, 33) and whether it was carried on the mother’s back (26, 28, 31) while cooking was in progress, and reported ... although there was a lack of information on smoking, nutritional state, episodes of diarrhoea and other factors that might have influenced the prevalence of cataract On the other hand, the crude...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... created by the scheme, and the service they provide to society is not fundamentally different than that of the vehicles they replace - except for the emissions and safety impacts which the study ... as the amount of kilometres they would still travel if they had not been scrapped From the perspective of the reviewed literature, and therefore before the present analyses were even started, the ... Given the inefficiency of repeating the analysis, and the relatively marginal impact that the last roughly 1000 vehicles could have in comparison with the overall ~670 thousand transactions, the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 04:20

... indicated below the Zeb.PrP2 and Fug.Sho1 sequences Note that the corresponding S2, H2 and H3 not exist in fish PrP3 and vertebrate Sho and therefore could not be indicated in the alignment The allowed ... specialized large and elongated cells of the anterior part of the floor-plate were positioned at the base of the commissure separating the two lobes of the mesencephalic tegmentum and above the hypothalamus ... depends in part on the homology between the donor pathogen protein and the natural physiological protein present in the receiver, both in the amino acid sequence of the protein and in its tridimensional...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20