c programming for pic microcontrollers tutorials

... switch (cResponse) { case 'a': case 'A': printf("\nYou selected the character a or A\n"); break; case 'b': case 'B': printf("You selected the character b or B\n"); break; case 'c' : case 'C' ... listing of common ASCII characters, visit Appendix D, “Common ASCII Character Codes.”) To build user-friendly programs, you should use compound conditions to check for both upper- and lowercase letters, ... this compound condition, shown next if ( cResponse == 'A' || cResponse == 'a' ) Checking for a Range of Values Checking for a range of values is a common programming practice for input validation

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... all, C compilers will run the preceding code the way you wouldexpect, due to ANSI C compliance the following statement can produce three different resultswith three different compilers: anyFunction(++x, ... section, I’ll discuss operators for incrementing and decrementing number-basedvariables, and I’ll introduce new operators for assigning data to variables Trang 5The increment operator (++) can ... for loop (x )decrements the variable x by 1 Using this knowledge, how many times do you think the for loop will execute? If you guessedfive times, you are correct Figure 4.11 depicts the preceding

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... //Incorrect function call printReportHeader(); //Correct function callThe first function call will not cause a compile error but will fail to execute thefunction call to printReportHeader The second ... the computer monitor Character handling isdigit() Tests for decimal digit characters Character handling islower() Tests for lowercase letters Character handling isupper() Tests for uppercase ... letters Character handling tolower() Converts character to lowercase Character handling toupper() Converts character to uppercase Trang 3float addTwoNumbers(int, int);This function prototype tells C

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... loops can certainly be a daunting taskfor the beginning programmer My best advice is to practice, practice, and practice! The moreyou program, the clearer the concepts will become.Searching Two-Dimensional ... characters plus a special null termination character,which is represented by the character constant '/0' • When creating character arrays, be sure to allocate enough room to store the largestcharacter ... square checkForWin() Checks for a win by X or O or a tie (cat) game All of the code required to build the tic-tac-toe game is shown next Trang 9int verifySelection(int, int); else iCurrentPlayer

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... on character codessuch as the ASCII character-coding system Using character-coding systems, programmers can build sorting software that comparesstrings (characters) Moreover, C programmers can ... 8.1 depicts this declared array of characters S Trang 7When creating character arrays, it is important to allocate enough room for theNULL character because many C library functions look for the ... the NULL characterwhen processing character arrays If the NULL character is not found, some Clibrary functions may not produce the desired result.F IGURE 8.1 Depicting an array of characters. The

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... 19Specifically, this chapter covers the following topics:• Memory concepts continued • sizeof • malloc() • calloc() • realloc() This chapter is dedicated to discussing dynamic memory concepts, such ... functionsfor processing Structures can be passed to functions in a multitude of ways, including passing by value for read-only access and passing by reference for modifying structure membercontents ... concepts, such as cating, reallocating, and freeing memory using the functions malloc(), calloc(),realloc(), and free() This section specifically reviews essential memory conceptsthat directly relate

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... the second ment a series of type specifiers for each field in the record For example, the next fscanf()function expects to read two character strings called name and hobby Trang 15argu-fscanf(pRead, ... files used for processing information have other extensions, such as txt for text files, csv for comma separated value files, ini for initialization files, or log for log files. You can create your ... benefit of using calloc() rather than malloc() is calloc()’s ability to initializeeach memory segment allocated • The realloc() function provides a feature for expanding contiguous blocks of memorywhile

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... character sequence, 17 character strings, 234, 254 character variables, 30 characters, 30–31, 186 checkForWin( ) function, 145 child components, 248 chmod command, 287 cipher text, 172 clear command, ... Preprocessor directives are actions performed before the compiler begins its job. Preprocessor directives act only to change the source program before the source code is compiled. The reason semicolons ... 198–200 chapter-based concepts, 46 char keyword, 8 char type, 232–233 character arrays, 136–137, 165, 180, 183, 193 character codes,... nano’s command structures can be accessed using control-key

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... this placeholder variab particular function call is c For example, in program 3.5, we write Cube(input ecific value which is input into the function; t sp the Cube para will contain copies ... input code pute a and calculation code—we simply write “ Area()” wherever necessary to input a radius and com 77 circle area. Moreover, if a change or correction needs to be made to the code ... suffers is code duplication—there is duplic nti lly performs the same task. Besides bloating the code, prog aintain because if changes or corrections need orr ction in every duplicated instance. In

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... (a pointer), the actual riable which is being pointed at can be accessed and modifed; this process is called dereferencing Thus, like references, the same variable can be accessed via several ... status using conditional statements We can execute blocks of code repeatedly with loop statements We can organize our programs into multiple parts with functions, each designed for a specific task ... alias for a variable Given a reference R to a variable A, we can directly access A with R since R refers to A Do not worry about why this is useful, as we will discuss that further in coming sections

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... object’s properties, wit can also perform certain actio ex castSpell, etc These verbs can be represented in code with functions; for ex ght would execute the code necessary to perform a combat ... done correctly ortunately for us, such a package exists and is part of the standard library a special type called std::vector (include <vector>) A vector in this context hich can dynamically ... particular to vector that instructs the vector to resize vector keeps track of its size—its size can be accessed using its ize e accessed in the same way elements in an array are accessed, vector

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... provides via its class method interface Finally, this chapter closes by discussing some miscellaneous C++ keywords and constructs Chapter Objectives • •... the end of a cstring A c-string that ... your own copy constructor and assignment operator in Chapter 7. For now, just be aware that these methods exist. Game: Class Examples To help reinforce the concepts of classes, we will create ... wiz1(wiz0);// Construct wiz1 from wiz0. If you use the default copy constructor, the object will be constructed by copying the parameter’s bytes, byte-by-byte, into the object being constructed,

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... to lessen for all the C source files in a pro Cylon Robot, we might wan mponents we need: t to co CylonEye CylonLegs .c CylonArms .c CylonBlaster .c C and so forth… er file CylonKillerRobot.h, ... out t Most microcontr iso never change. Bu with a microcontroller. The Butterfly uses a joystick and an LCD for its built-in applications. For anything more complex, like c microcontroller software, ... Flow Control. (Refer to m section of Chapter 2 for the required acy from even before stuff for , get Jan elson’s Serial Port Complete ( www.lvr.com Projects here? Communicating with a PC...

Ngày tải lên: 26/03/2014, 00:02

... to C necessary for targeting an embedded environment, and the common components of a successful development project. C is the language of choice for programming larger microcontrollers (MCU), ... instructions to the COPCR register. Interestingly, the COP watchdog is dependent upon the system clock; a clock monitor circuit resets the MCU if the clock stops, and thereby renders the COP watchdog ... manoeuvre. Programming the prescalar and starting the clock are tasks of the software developer. Knowing the processor clock frequency, and choosing correct prescalar values, you can achieve accurate...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 02:17

... %f indicates the number is floating-point data. In addition, the formatted I/O functions also recognize %d for decimal integers, %x for hexadecimals, %c for characters, and %s for character strings. The ... PROGRAMMING FOR DSP APPLICATIONS Appendix C Introduction of C Programming for DSP Applications C has become the language of choice for many DSP software developments not only because of its powerful commands ... example. C compiler translates high-level C programs into machine language that can be executed by computers or DSP proces- sors such as the TMS32 0C5 5x. The fact that C compilers are available for...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 19:20

... 2 C programming for scientists and engineers as C ++, for engineering and scientific calculations because the resulting programs can make more efficient use of the ... Introduction Executable statements are those that either process information in some way, for example performing calculations, or use information to control and co-ordinate such processing. ... structures and to access their members indirectly. Chapter review This chapter has concentrated on the different types of data that can be processed in C programs. C specifies a small ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:13