c primer plus ebook pdf

... following: The compiler correctly handles the function return value The compiler checks that you use the correct number of function arguments The compiler checks that you use the correct type of ... double cube(double x) { return x * x * x; } Here's a sample run: Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! Give me a number: 5 A 5-foot cube has a volume of 125 cubic feet. Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! ... prototyping allows the compiler to catch the error Second, when the cube() function finishes its calculation, it places its return value at some specified location—perhaps in a CPU register, perhaps

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... _spiff_d_d The C++ approach is C++ language linkage When the linker looks for a function to match a C++ function call, it uses a different look-up method than it does to match a C function call But ... terminates. The variable count, which is declared inside of funct1(), has local scope and no linkage, which means it can be used only inside the funct1() function, just like the automatic variable llama. ... explicitly Storage Schemes and Dynamic Allocation You've seen the five schemes C++ uses to allocate memory for variables (including arrays and structures) They don't apply to memory allocated

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... item) Trang 5You can check to see if the stack is full.You can check to see if the stack is empty You can match this description with a class declaration in which the public member functions provide ... defining a constant within aclass—using the keyword static: class Stock { private: static const int Len = 30; // declare a constant! WORKS char company[Len]; This creates a single constant called ... ViewIk into scope Class Scope Constants Trang 3Sometimes it would be nice to have symbolic constants of class scope For example, theStock class declaration used a literal 30 to specify the array

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... BrassPlus object, the BrassPlus destructor is called And once a BrassPlus destructor finishes, it automatically calls the base class constructor Thus, using virtual destructors ensures that the correct ... Enter client's account number: 233255 Enter opening balance: $688 Enter 1 for Brass Account or 2 for BrassPlus Account: 1 Client: Harry Fishsong Account Number: 112233 Balance: $1500.00 Client: ... Porky Account: Withdrawal amount of $4200.00 exceeds your balance Withdrawal canceled Pigg account balance: $4000.00 Withdrawing $4200 from the Hoggy Account: Bank advance: $200.00 Finance charge:

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... Versatility You can apply the same techniques to template classes as you do to regular classes Template classes can serve as base classes, and they can be component classes They can themselves ... needed The second statement causes the compiler to generate a class definition and also an object created according to that definition Explicit Instantiations The compiler generates an explicit instantiation ... explicit instantiations, and explicit specializations, collectively known as specializations. That is, a template describes a class in terms of a general type, while a specialization is a class

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... ANSI/ISO C++ standards committee has worked to make C++ I/O more compatible with existing C I/O, and this has produced some changes from traditional C++ practices. This document was created by ... these facilities, you use objects of the appropriate classes. For example, use an ostream object such as cout to handle output. Creating such an object opens a stream, automatically creates a ... The C++ facilities for file input and output are based on the same basic class definitions that cin and cout are based on, so this chapter uses the discussion of console I/O (keyboard and screen)

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... Listing 17.17 combines the command-line technique with file stream techniques to count characters in those files listed on the command line. Listing 17.17 count.cpp // count.cpp count characters in ... Then sample runs could look like this: C>count Usage: c:\count.exe filename[s] C>count paris rome 3580 characters in paris 4886 characters in rome 8466 characters in all files C> Note that ... placing the following code in your program: #include <console.h> // for emulating command-line arguments int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { argc = ccommand(&argv); // yes, ccommand,

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... example,... Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 2 1: ... accumulate() function initializes a value acc to init; then it performs the operation acc = acc + *i (first version) or acc = binary_op(acc, *i) (second version) for each iterator i in the range [first, ... preprocessor then does a text substitution in your source code, replacing occurrences of MAX_LENGTH with 100 prior to compilation. The C++ approach is to apply the const modifier to a variable declaration:

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... setf.cpp LISTINGS COUT OBJECT, CONSTANTS SETF.CPP COUT OBJECT, FIELD WIDTH DISPLAY WIDTH.CPP listings cout object, field width display width.cpp cout object, fill characters fill.cpp ... COUT OBJECT, FILL CHARACTERS FILL.CPP listings cout object, floating-point display precision precise.cpp LISTINGS COUT OBJECT, FLOATING-POINT DISPLAY PRECISION PRECISE.CPP listings cout ... MANIP.CPP listings cout object, setf() function set2.cpp LISTINGS COUT OBJECT, SETF() FUNCTION SET2.CPP COUT OBJECT, TRAILING ZEROS/DECIMAL POINTS SHOWPT.CPP listings cout object, trailing

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... With it, you can create dynamic structures Again, "dynamic" means the memory is allocated during runtime, not during compilation Incidentally, because classes are much like structures, you ... use the techniques you learn for structures with classes, too Using new with structures has two parts: creating the structure and accessing its members To create a structure, use the structure type ... value—the structure itself Then, because *ps is a structure, (*ps).price is the price member of the structure C++'s operator precedence rules require that you use parentheses in this construction Listing

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... pronounced something like phffft pptz, with a moist accent However, in this case, "!" is pronounced "factorial.") The program uses one loop to calculate the values of successive factorials, ... factorial of each integer being the product of that integer with the preceding factorial (One of the pianist Victor Borge's best-known monologues features phonetic punctuation, in which the exclamation ... keeping track of the number of loop cycles However, it can be any valid C++ expression, as can Trang 3the other control expressions This makes the for loop capable of much more than simplycounting

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... accurate than "alphabetically." This means that characters are compared according to the system code for characters. For example, in ASCII code, all uppercase letters have smaller codes ... operators to compare strings, you can use them to compare characters, because characters actually are integer types. So, for (ch = 'a'; ch <= 'z'; ch++) cout << ch; is ... the code assumes the system uses the ASCII character code set. In this set, the codes for the letters a through z are consecutive, and the code for the ? character immediately precedes the code

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... << ch; // echo the character count++; // count the character cin >> ch; // get the next character } cout << "\n" << count << " characters read\n"; ... namespace std; int main() { char ch; int count = 0; cin.get(ch); // use the cin.get(ch) function while (ch != '#') { cout << ch; count++; cin.get(ch); // use it again } cout ... #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char ch; int count = 0; // use basic input cin >> ch; // get a character while (ch != '#') // test the character { cout

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... next input character, including spaces, newlines, and tabs, so it can be used as follows: ch = cin.get(); The cin.get(char) member function call reports encountering the end-of-file condition ... sentence { if (ch == ' ') // check if ch is a space spaces++; total++; // done every time cin.get(ch); } cout << spaces << " spaces, " << total; cout << ... text files character-by-character The istream class provides several ways to do this If ch is a type char variable, the statement cin >> ch; reads the next input character into ch However,

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... hold values. In this case, pointers become the only access to that memory. In C, you could allocate memory with the library function malloc(). You still can do so in C+ +, but C+ + also has a better ... then continues printing characters until it runs into the null character (\0). In short, if you give cout the address of a character, it prints everything from that character to the first null character ... in the cout statement is the address of the char element containing the character r. The cout object assumes that the address of a char is the address of a string, so it prints the character at...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... Windows compiler. You start by selecting File, New Project. You are then given a choice of project types. For CodeWarrior, choose MacOS :C/ C++:ANSI C+ + Console in older versions, or MacOS :C/ C++:Standard ... Console:Std C+ + Console in mid-vintage versions, or MacOS C+ + Stationery:Mac OS Carbon:Standard Console :C+ + Console Carbon. (You can make other valid choices; for example, you might opt for Classic ... Classic instead of Carbon or C+ + Console Carbon Altivec instead of plain C+ + Console Carbon.) CodeWarrior supplies a small source code file as part of the initial project. You can try compil- ing...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... For example, compiling and linking a source code file called concrete .c produces a file called concrete.exe. Some compilers provide an option to create an executable named concrete.com instead. ... numbers; each character has a numeric code. The instructions that a computer loads into its registers are stored as numbers; each instruction in the instruction set has a numeric code. Second, computer ... contains all the machine code that the computer needs to get the job done. The Unix C compiler is called cc. To compile the inform .c program, you need to type the following: cc inform.c...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 13:32

... functions you use from the library (see Figure 1.4). 12 C PRIMER PLUS FIGURE 1.4 Compiler and linker. concrete .c concrete.obj concrete.exe source code Compiler object code library code executable ... executable file, which appends the .EXE exten- sion to the original source code basename. For example, compiling and linking a source code file called concrete .c produces a file called concrete.exe. ... 1.5 Preparing a C program using Unix. name .c a.out source code enter source code Compiler executable code run program by typing filename a.out Text Editor What about the object code? The cc compiler creates...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:13

... C+ +, a class is a specification describing such a new data form, and an object is a par- ticular data structure constructed according to that plan. For example, a class could describe the general ... including New C Primer Plus, which received the Computer Press Association’s 1990 Best How-to Computer Book Award, and C+ + Primer Plus, nominated for the Computer Press Association’s Best How-to Computer ... C+ + adds object-oriented concepts to the C language n How C+ + adds generic programming concepts to the C language n Programming language standards n The mechanics of creating a program We l come...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 23:43