c primer plus amazon

... With it, you can create dynamic structures Again, "dynamic" means the memory is allocated during runtime, not during compilation Incidentally, because classes are much like structures, you ... use the techniques you learn for structures with classes, too Using new with structures has two parts: creating the structure and accessing its members To create a structure, use the structure type ... value—the structure itself Then, because *ps is a structure, (*ps).price is the price member of the structure C++'s operator precedence rules require that you use parentheses in this construction Listing

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... pronounced something like phffft pptz, with a moist accent However, in this case, "!" is pronounced "factorial.") The program uses one loop to calculate the values of successive factorials, ... factorial of each integer being the product of that integer with the preceding factorial (One of the pianist Victor Borge's best-known monologues features phonetic punctuation, in which the exclamation ... keeping track of the number of loop cycles However, it can be any valid C++ expression, as can Trang 3the other control expressions This makes the for loop capable of much more than simplycounting

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... the system code for characters For example, in ASCII code, all uppercase letters have smaller codes than the lowercase letters, so uppercase precedes lowercase in the collating sequence Therefore, ... plus \ 0 By the way, although you can't use relational operators to compare strings, you can use them to compare characters, because characters actually are integer types So, for (ch = 'a'; ch ... alphabetically, strcmp() returns a positive value Actually, "in the system collating sequence" is more accurate than "alphabetically." This means that characters are compared according to

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... << ch; // echo the character count++; // count the character cin >> ch; // get the next character } cout << "\n" << count << " characters read\n"; ... namespace std; int main() { char ch; int count = 0; cin.get(ch); // use the cin.get(ch) function while (ch != '#') { cout << ch; count++; cin.get(ch); // use it again } cout ... #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char ch; int count = 0; // use basic input cin >> ch; // get a character while (ch != '#') // test the character { cout

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... next input character, including spaces, newlines, and tabs, so it can be used as follows: ch = cin.get(); The cin.get(char) member function call reports encountering the end-of-file condition ... sentence { if (ch == ' ') // check if ch is a space spaces++; total++; // done every time cin.get(ch); } cout << spaces << " spaces, " << total; cout << ... text files character-by-character The istream class provides several ways to do this If ch is a type char variable, the statement cin >> ch; reads the next input character into ch However,

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... Character Functions C++ has inherited from C a handy package of character-related functions, prototyped in the cctype header... returns the uppercase version of that character; otherwise, it ... topics from this and the preceding chapter. Listing 6.5 and.cpp // and.cpp use logical AND operator #include <iostream> using namespace std; const int ArSize = 6; int main() { This document ... case label1 : statement(s) case label2 : statement(s) default : statement(s) } A C++ switch statement acts as a routing device that tells the computer which line... an unregistered ChmMagic,

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... characters instead of integers as menu choices and switch labels Then, you coulduse both an uppercase and a lowercase label for the same statements: char choice; cin >> choice; while (choice ... (choice != 'Q' && choice != 'q') { switch(choice) { case 'a': case 'A': cout << "\a\n"; break; case 'r': case 'R': report(); break; case 'l': case 'L': cout ... case 'c' case 'C': comfort(); break; default : cout << "That's not a choice.\n"; } showmenu(); cin >> choice; } Because there is no break immediately following case

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... following: The compiler correctly handles the function return value The compiler checks that you use the correct number of function arguments The compiler checks that you use the correct type of ... double cube(double x) { return x * x * x; } Here's a sample run: Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! Give me a number: 5 A 5-foot cube has a volume of 125 cubic feet. Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! Cheers! ... prototyping allows the compiler to catch the error Second, when the cube() function finishes its calculation, it places its return value at some specified location—perhaps in a CPU register, perhaps

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... the code accordingly We go through these steps next Trang 6Filling the ArrayBecause a function with an array name argument accesses the original array, not a copy, you can use a function call ... the second argument, you can lie to the function For example, the second time the program uses the function, it makes this call: sum = sum_arr(cookies, 3); By telling the function that cookies ... the fill_array() function is able to do its job To keep a function from accidentally altering the contents of an array argument, you can use the keyword const (discussed in Chapter 3, "Dealing

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... function counts the number of ch characters // in the string str int c_in_str(const char * str, char ch) { int count = 0; while (*str) // quit when *str is '\0' { if (*str == ch) count++; ... given character appears in a string Listing 7.9 strgfun.cpp // strgfun.cpp functions with a string argument #include <iostream> using namespace std; int c_in_str(const char * str, char ch); ... <iostream>using namespace std; char * buildstr(char c, int n); // prototype int main() { int times; char ch; cout << "Enter a character: "; cin >> ch; cout << "Enter

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... the code for a particular function can include a call of itself The name of a C++ function acts as the address of the function By using a function argument that is a pointer to a function, you can ... act like the name of a function; hence, you should use pf() as a function call C++ takes the compromise view that both forms are correct, or at least can be allowed, even though they are logically ... function, *pf is a function; hence, you should use (*pf)() as a function call A second school maintains that because the name of a function is a pointer to that function, a pointer to that function

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... C macros Rather, it is to suggest that if you have been using C macros to perform function-like services, consider converting them to C++ inline functions Reference Variables C++ adds a new compound ... variable in the calling program This method of passing arguments is called passing by reference. Passing by reference allows a called function to access variables in the calling function C++'s addition ... References tend to be a bit confusing at first to C veterans coming to C++ because they are tantalizingly reminiscent of pointers, yet somehow different For example, you can create both a reference

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... If the data object is a good-sized structure, use a const pointer or a const reference to increase program efficiency You save the time and space needed to copy a structure or a class design Make ... pointer or reference const If the data object is a class object, use a const reference The semantics of class design often require using a reference, which is the main reason why C++ added this ... 32767) The first approach copies the "Hi!" into an array of 32767 characters, setting all but the first three characters to the null character The second approach copies "Hi!" into

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... the CC compile command and the other steps follow automatically The g++ command-line compiler and the Borland C++ command-line compiler (bcc32.exe) also behave that way Symantec C++, Borland C++, ... data (scope and linkage) The C++ namespace facility provides additional control over access Larger programs typically consist of several source code files that may share some data in common Such ... match function calls found in the source code Data declared const and inline functions have special linkage properties (coming up soon) that allow them to be placed in header files without causing

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 06:20

... Windows compiler. You start by selecting File, New Project. You are then given a choice of project types. For CodeWarrior, choose MacOS :C/ C++:ANSI C+ + Console in older versions, or MacOS :C/ C++:Standard ... Console:Std C+ + Console in mid-vintage versions, or MacOS C+ + Stationery:Mac OS Carbon:Standard Console :C+ + Console Carbon. (You can make other valid choices; for example, you might opt for Classic ... Classic instead of Carbon or C+ + Console Carbon Altivec instead of plain C+ + Console Carbon.) CodeWarrior supplies a small source code file as part of the initial project. You can try compil- ing...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... For example, compiling and linking a source code file called concrete .c produces a file called concrete.exe. Some compilers provide an option to create an executable named concrete.com instead. ... numbers; each character has a numeric code. The instructions that a computer loads into its registers are stored as numbers; each instruction in the instruction set has a numeric code. Second, computer ... contains all the machine code that the computer needs to get the job done. The Unix C compiler is called cc. To compile the inform .c program, you need to type the following: cc inform.c...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 13:32

... functions you use from the library (see Figure 1.4). 12 C PRIMER PLUS FIGURE 1.4 Compiler and linker. concrete .c concrete.obj concrete.exe source code Compiler object code library code executable ... executable file, which appends the .EXE exten- sion to the original source code basename. For example, compiling and linking a source code file called concrete .c produces a file called concrete.exe. ... 1.5 Preparing a C program using Unix. name .c a.out source code enter source code Compiler executable code run program by typing filename a.out Text Editor What about the object code? The cc compiler creates...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:13

... C+ +, a class is a specification describing such a new data form, and an object is a par- ticular data structure constructed according to that plan. For example, a class could describe the general ... including New C Primer Plus, which received the Computer Press Association’s 1990 Best How-to Computer Book Award, and C+ + Primer Plus, nominated for the Computer Press Association’s Best How-to Computer ... C+ + adds object-oriented concepts to the C language n How C+ + adds generic programming concepts to the C language n Programming language standards n The mechanics of creating a program We l come...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 23:43