c language programs pdf in hindi

... calculations in which rounding errors are unacceptable Common examplesinclude financial calculations such as tax computations and currency conversions The decimal type provides 28 significant digits ... checked and unchecked statements The checked and unchecked statements are used to control the overflow checking context for arithmeticoperations and conversions involving integral types The checked ... points[i] = new Point(i, i*i); 1.10 Interfaces Interfaces are used to define a contract; a class or struct that implements the interface must adhere to this contract Interfaces can contain methods,

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 04:20

... The count of the first sequence is: 5 The count of the second sequence is: 33 The count of the concat sequence is: 38 The count of the union sequence is: 37 Success! Intersect The Intersect operator ... + first.Count()); Console.WriteLine("The count of the second sequence is: " + second.Count()); Console.WriteLine("The count of the intersect sequence is: " + intersect.Count()); ... Trang 1In the preceding code, notice I am enumerating through an outer sequence named outerSequence, where each element is an object implementing IGrouping containing the key, and a sequence of

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 08:22

... 418 C HAPTER 12 Tapping into OOP: Interfaces 421 Interfaces: A First Look 422 Classes Versus Interfaces .422 Using Interfaces .423 Why Use Interfaces? .423 Defining Interfaces .424 Defining an Interface ... the Execution of a C# Program .11 Compiling C# Source Code to Intermediate Language .13 Completing the Development Cycle .14 Creating Your First C# Program .16 Entering and Compiling Hello.cs .17 ... Services 647 Creating Web Applications .648 Examining the Concept of a Component .648 Web Services .648 Creating a Simple Component .649 Creating a Web Service .652 Creating a Proxy 655 Calling

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... can have the compiler avoid checking the code This is done with the unchecked key-word, as illustrated in Listing 2.8 L ISTING 2.8 Unchecked.cs—Marking Code as Unchecked 18: Console.WriteLine( ... = Z ch2 = x This listing illustrates two concepts First, in Lines 10–11, you see how a charac-ter can be assigned to a variable of type char It is as simple as including the character in single ... maintaining a contact list, monitoring the stockmarket, keeping a budget, or tracking the price of snickerdoodles, the information(names, stock prices, expense amounts, or prices) is kept within

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... mighthave occurred in the code within the trystatement code You can include a catchstate-ment that is more specific—in fact, you can write a catchstatement for a specific excep-tion Listing 9.4 includes ... Exception Information In Listing 9.2, the catchstatement catches any exception that might occur within the try statement’s code In addition to generically catching thrown exceptions, you can mine ... might occur, a second catchstatement is included in Lines 25–28 This catchincludes the general Exceptiontype parameter, so it will catch any other exceptions that might occur Replace Line 16

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... the ControlAppBconstructor is called to create the new ControlAppB A constructor has been included in Lines 10–13 of the listing The structor again has one simple call,InitializeComponent This call ... worth touching on a few of them You can check the online documentation for a complete accounting of all the functionality available with this class Customizing the Caption Bar on a Form Listing 16.1 ... 22previ-Looking at this listing, you can see that the code is broken into a couple of methodsinstead of being placed in the Mainmethod Additionally, you can see that rather thandeclaring a specific instance

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... objective of delivering services to both civil and military applications These activities include seismic, acoustic, chemical, and physiological sensing to enable different applications such as battlefield ... in a more elementary processing context assuming some approximations to the functions used in the constraints 4 Performance Evaluation In this section, we evaluate the efficiency of the ECMP scheme ... proposed in [20] in terms of network coverage and first-source partition time without compromising on other performance metrics Trang 41.2 Contributions and Outline Taking into account theunpredictability

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... stop occurs at a later point, even without reoccurrence of the end 2.3.2 Controlling the beginning of a computation As for the termination, controlling the beginning of a com-putation involves ... stop can be trig-gered. Stop coming after end Some computations reach their objective, and they can tinue cyclically in order to maintain it: an example is a con-trol law, always giving the correction ... approach We propose a domain-specific language, called Nemo , whose compilation encapsulates controller synthesis for multitask systems Its constructs describe domain-specific notions of resources

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... 0.95 1 Classification rate TV C + concat as vectors Polar ADs + concat as image TV C + concat as images Polar ADs + concat as vectors Figure 9: Classification results for the proposed TVC versus ... using either polar accumulated dif- ferences or vectorized polar accumulated differences. In the polar accumulated differences approach, the Posi- tive and Negative ADs images are concatenated into ... telescopic vector composition (TVC). Note that TVC has been successfully employed in the context of tem- poral subsampling in digital video transcoding as reported by the author in [12]. The block-wise

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... #define ERRTOL 0.05 #define TINY 2.5e-13 #define BIG 9.0e11 #define C1 (3.0/14.0) #define C2 (1.0/3.0) #define C3 (3.0/22.0) #define C4 (3.0/26.0) #define C5 (0.75*C3) #define C6 (1.5*C4) #define ... from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521-43108-5)#include <math.h> #define CA 0.0003 The accuracy is the square of CA void sncndn(float uu, float emmc, float ... NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521-43108-5)CITED REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING: Rybicki, G.B 1989,Computers in Physics, vol 3, no 2, pp 85–87 [1] Cody, W.J., Pociorek,

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 10:20

... of inheritance to create specialized classes without needing to change any existing classes When implementing a class you must define the capacities of those objects, that is, the member functions, ... global functions Chapter 13, Defining Classes, describes the steps for defining member functions 䊐 Definition Functions can be defined in any order, however, the first function is normally main This ... 169Exercise 2 // -// palindrome.cpp: Reads and compares lines of text // -#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; string header = " * * * Testing palindromes

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... -// circle.cpp // Defines and calls the function circle() // -#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> using namespace std; // Prototype of circle(): void circle( ... value occurs, i.e., the function manipulates a local copy Thus, only a local copy of the string is changed in the function, but the string in the calling function remains unchanged Exercise 2 ... used to indicate an error For pointers, the symbolic constant NULL is defined as 0 in standard header files A pointer containing the value NULL is also called NULL pointer Trang 5䊐 Using Pointers

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... public: // Public data members and methods here }; // account.h // Defining the class Account // -#ifndef _ACCOUNT_ // Avoid multiple inclusions #define _ACCOUNT_ #include <iostream> #include ... #include <string> using namespace std; class Account { string name; // Account holder unsigned long nr; // Account number double balance; // Account balance bool init( const string&, unsigned ... so-called public interface of the class. The opposite page shows a schematic definition of a class The privatesection gen-erally contains data members and the publicsection contains the access

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... several source files In this case, you will need to place the class definition in a header file If you place the definition of the class Accountin the fileAccount.h, any source file including the ... 3Defining a class also defines a new type for which variables, that is, objects, can bedefined An object is also referred to as an instance of a class. 䊐 Defining Objects An object is defined in ... suitable pointer Example: Account savings("Mac, Rita",654321, 123.5); Account *ptrAccount = &savings; This defines the object savings and a pointer variable called ptrAccount The pointerptrAccountis

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... the methods in this “friendly” class automatically become friendfunctions in the class containing the frienddeclaration This technique is useful if a class is used in such close conjunction with ... declaration, which eliminates data encapsulation in certain cases. Imagine you need to write a global function that accesses the elements of a numerical array class If you need to call the access ... FRIEND CLASSES Class Result Class ControlPoint Trang 7䊐 Declaring Friend ClassesIn addition to declaring individual friendfunctions, you can also make entire classes “friends” of another class

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... The C class inherits the Bclass, which is defined in the public section following the colon The privateandpublicsections contain additional members of the Cclass 䊐 Access to Public Members in ... available in the derived class and will retain its original meaning We will be looking at this point in more detail later 䊐 Public Interface Since the Carclass is a publicbase class of the PassCarclass, ... Direct and Indirect Base Classes The derived class Ccan itself be a base class for a further class, D This allows for class hierarchies Class Bthen becomes an indirect base class for class D In

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... sequence The legacy collections, those nongeneric collections existing prior to C# 2.0, support the IEnumerable interface, not the IEnumerable<T> interface This means you cannot directly call ... a legacy collection However, you can still perform LINQ queries on legacy collections by calling the Cast or OfType Standard Query Operator on the legacy collection to produce a sequence that ... foreach statement again This causes ints to perform the query again Since I changed the element in the original array, and the query is being performed again because ints is being enumerated again,

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 08:22

... first checking the input sequence to see if it implements the ICollection<T> interface, and if so, it obtains the sequence’s count using the implementation of that interface If the source input ... PrototypeIEnumerable<int> intSequence = Enumerable.Range(1, 10); Console.WriteLine("Here is my sequnece of integers:"); foreach (int i in intSequence) Console.WriteLine(i); double average = intSequence.Average(); ... the second Contains operator prototype, I will use my common MyStringifiedNumberComparer class I will check an array of numbers in string format for a number in string format that is technically

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 08:22

... nodes, as in being “down for” rock climbing, meaning being excited about the prospect of going rock climbing I am merely describing the direction of traversal I am about to discuss Traversing down ... participant’s list of child nodes will be included This could include comments (XComment), text (XText), processing instructions (XProcessingInstruction), document type (XDocumentType), or elements ... when you had to create a document using the W3C XML DOM XmlDocument class? Thanks to the elimination of document centricity, you can turn XML strings into real XML trees in the blink of an eye

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 08:22

... expected InDocumentOrder The InDocumentOrder operator can be called on a sequence of nodes and returns a sequence containing each source node’s child nodes in document order Prototypes The InDocumentOrder ... BookParticipants Ancestor element: BookParticipant Ancestor element: BookParticipants However, thanks to the Ancestors operator and the conciseness of LINQ, this query can be combined into a single, ... concise statement as demonstrated in Listing 8-3 Listing 8-3 A More Concise Example of Calling the First Ancestors Prototype XDocument xDocument = new XDocument( new XElement("BookParticipants",

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 08:22