c decision making and problem solving

... Maintenance Tips Check the existing code works as claimed  Make changes to a copy of the existing code  After acheiving desired functionality, change related aspects of the program to leave clean, ... and mouse  Output Devices include printers, video display, LCD screens  Auxiliary Storage Devices include disk drives, scanners, CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drives, modems, sound cards, speakers, and ... form “C with Classes”  1983 : Name C++ first used  1998 : ISO/ANSI standardization of C++ Trang 32Memory Unit(RAM & Registers) Central Processing Unit(CPU) Input Device Output Device Peripherals

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:07

... Variables Declaring Named Constants String Concatenation Output Statements C++ Program Comments A C++ program is a collection of one or more functions  There must be a function called main()  Execution ... Chapter C++ Syntax and Semantics, and the Program Development Process Chapter Topics         Programs Composed of Several Functions Syntax Templates Legal C++ Identifiers ... in function main()  Any other functions in your program are subprograms and are not executed until they are called Program With Several Functions main function square function cube function

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:07

... Chapter Numeric Types, Expressions, and Output Chapter Topics ● ● ● ● ● Constants of Type int and float Evaluating Arithmetic Expressions Implicit Type Coercion and Explicit Type Conversion Calling ... or char Floating Types ■ represent real numbers with a decimal point ■ declared as float or double Standard Data Types in C++ ● Character Type ■ represents single characters such as 'B' ■ declared ... Function Using Function Arguments Chapter Topics ● ● ● ● Using C++ Library Functions in Expressions Calling a Void Function C++ Manipulators to Format Output String Operations length, find, and

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:07

... whitespace characters such as blanks and newlines  getline reads successive characters(including blanks) into the string, and stops when it reaches the newline character ‘\n’  The newline is consumed ... balance OpenAccount WriteCheck MakeDeposit IsOverdrawn GetBalance checkingAccount Trang 54OOD Used with Large Software Projects Objects within a program often model life objects in the problem ... istream, and cout is an object of a class ostream  Header files iostream and fstream contain definitions of stream classes  A class generally contains private data and public operations (called

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:07

... Chapter Conditions, Logical Expressions, and Selection Control Structures Chapter Topics ● Data Type bool ● Using Relational and Logical Operators to Construct and Evaluate Logical Expressions ... 55 C++ Control Structures ● Selection if if else switch ● Repetition for loop while loop while loop Expressions Control structures use logical expressions to make choices, which may include: ... structures Selection (also called branching) Repetition (also called looping) bool Data Type ● Type bool is a built-in type consisting of just two values, the constants true and false ● We can declare

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:07

... DiskfileTrang 59#include <iostream> // Access cout#include <fstream> // Access file I/O Trang 60 myInfile >> price >> kind; total = total + price; count ++; } cout << ... that counts the number of != operators in a program file  Read one character in the file at a time  Keep track of current and previous characters Trang 44Keeping Track of Values(x != 3) { cout ... 40Example of Flag-controlled LoopTrang 42Common Loop Uses Count all data values  Count special data values  Sum data values Keep track of current and previous values Trang 43Current and Previous

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:07

... Precedence• Following Table on slide 53 and slide 54 groups discussed operators by precedence levels for C++ • Horizontal line separates each precedence level from the next-lower level • Column ... Rule of type coercion in an arithmetic coercion: value is promoted (widened) to int If both operands are now int, the result is an int expression Trang 56Type Coercion in Arithmetic and Relational ... IntegralExpression (of char, short, int, long or enum type) determines which branch is executed  Case labels are constant (possibly named) integral expressions  Several case labels can precede a statement

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:07

... 4*a*c != 0 // Postcondition: root1 and root2 are assigned // && root1 and root2 are roots of quadratic with // coefficients a, b, c Trang 55Function with Preconditions and Postconditions, ... 3Chapter 8 Topics Differences between Value Parameters and Reference Parameters  Using Local Variables in a Function  Function Preconditions and Postconditions Trang 4 Every C++ program must ... function called main  Program execution always begins with function main  Any other functions are subprograms that must be explicitly called Trang 5A function call temporarily transfers control

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:07

... Trang 1Chapter 9Scope, Lifetime, and More on Functions Trang 2Chapter 8 Topics Local Scope vs Global Scope of an Identifier  Detailed Scope Rules to Determine which Variables are Accessible ... 4Local Scope vs Global Scopedeclared outside of all namespaces, functions, and classes extends from point of declaration to the end of the entire file containing the program code Trang 5const ... declaration to the end of the namespace body, and its scope includes the scope of a using directive specifying that namespace Trang 9 Use a qualified name consisting of the namespace, the scope

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:08

... Enumeration Type Chapter 10 Topics      Creating and Including User-Written Header Files Meaning of a Structured Data Type Declaring and Using a struct Data Type C++ union Data Type C++ Pointer ... Chapter 10 Simple Data Types: Built-In and UserDefined Chapter 10 Topics     External and Internal Representations of Data Integral and Floating Point Data Types Using Combined Assignment ... exactly one byte of memory space Sizes of other data type values in C++ are machine-dependent Using one byte (= bits) 1 0 1 How many different numbers can be represented using 0’s and 1’s? Each

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:08

... existing character with the one specified char ch[] = “hello”; ch[2] = ‘Z’; This changes the first ‘l’ character in “hello” to a ‘Z’ Useful C-String Functions ● Include the string.h header file Converting ... string.h header file Converting to C++ Strings ● Converting To C++ String char *cdog = “dogs”; string cppdog(cdog); ● Converter From C++ String char *cdog = cppdog.c_str(); ... until you reach the ‘\0’ character (end of string) C-Strings Mutability ● C-Strings are mutable ■ The contents of a string can be modified ■ Assigning a character to any location in the C-string

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:08

... instances  Client code uses class’s public member functions to manipulate class objects Trang 18Client Code Using Time#include “time.h” // Includes specification of the class using namespace ... the client’s view Public functions of a class provide the interface between the client code and the class objects client code specification implementation abstra ction barr ier Trang 32Selection ... .real imag Trang 15class Time Specification// Specification file (Time.h ) class Time // Declares a class data type Trang 16class Time Specificationpublic : // Five public function members void

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2018, 10:08

... processes that lie behind all effective decision making, problem solving and creative thinking You cannot guarantee outcomes – for luck or chance plays a part in all human affairs 2  Decision Making ... have a clear framework for decision making; • be aware of the relation between decision making and problem solving; • be able to use a unified model for both making decisions and solving problems; ... Negative 28  Decision Making and Problem Solving Strategies Implement and evaluate Decision comes from a Latin verb meaning ‘to cut off’ It is related to such cutting words as ‘scissors’ and ‘incision’...

Ngày tải lên: 25/11/2016, 10:45

... example of the corporate goals with their associated decision criteria and metrics Table 1.3 Develop the Decision Criteria Corporate Objectives Decision Criteria and Metrics Customer Calls Customer ... of a criteria weighting scheme based on corporate objectives and decision criteria importance Table 1.4 Decision Criteria Weighting Decision Resulting Corporate Objective Decision Criteria Criteria ... Ph.D., and his lifelong contribution to the field of Decision Science The combination of his research and Dr Tillman’s research and the application of many practical Decision Science methods in consulting...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 18:20

... KNOWLEDGE CHECKLIST Can you recall the four steps in the decision- making process? Can you name three non-economic factors which must be considered in the decision- making process? Do you recall the ... of accounting measurement systems, concepts and standards is desirable The nature of accounting and its main functions Accounting is a service activity It uses words and symbols to communicate ... management accounting and financial accounting? Do you know how the profession of accounting is organised in Australia? Can you name the principal areas in which public accountants and managerial accountants...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 15:21

... “Ethical Decision Making and Ethical L Leadership,” has been revised and updated t to reflect current research and understanding o of ethical decision making and contains a n new section on ethical ... provides c customizable text-specific content w within your course system This c content-rich, web-based teaching and le learning aid reinforces chapter concepts a and acts as an electronic student ... management and the board of directors of a corporation are accountable for discovering risk associated with ethical conduct Such specific industries as the public sector, energy and chemicals, health care,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:20

... variable name Characters are put in an order using what is called a character encoding In the character encoding, all characters in the computer’s character set are placed in a sequence and given ... written to work with vectors and matrices This chapter will introduce vectors and matrices Operations on vectors and matrices, and built-in functions that can be used to simplify code will also be ... operations and functions described in this chapter will form the basis for vectorized coding, which will be explained in Chapter 2.1 Vectors and Matrices .33 2.2 Vectors and Matrices as Function Arguments...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:53

... (HSUS); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Association of Specialists in Cleaning and Restoring (ASCR); American Pet Products Manufacturing Association (APPMA); Cat Fancy, Pet Age and ... Veterinary Medicine, and director of the Behavior Clinic; Paul H Schwartz, D.V.M (and the Center for Veterinary Care in Manhattan for taking such great care of our cats); and Don Aslett Very special thanks ... you come too close.” An offensive threat posture indicates that a cat is fearless and likely to attack She faces her assailant head-on, in a straightforward stance, making direct eye contact and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 10:32

... establishing clear and achievable objectives; balancing the competing demands for quality, scope, time and cost; and adapting the specifications, plans, and approach to different concerns and expectations ... the perceived importance to healthcare project success No statistically significant differences in perceived importance to healthcare project success delineated between behavioral and technical ... support the decision- making process), politics and its effect on the decision- making process from an individual as well as a collective perspective, and the impact of good versus poor communications...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 14:04