bca c programming notes pdf

... objects you will need to define classes that describe these objects You can use available classes and functions to do so In addi-tion, you can make use of inheritance to create specialized classes ... U N C T I O N SOn call “push” On return “pop” Stack further local objects return address first parameter last parameter • • • • • • Calling function and called function Stack content after calling ... the C++ standard library In addition, you can use other libraries for special purposes Often a compiler package will offer commercial class libraries or graphical user interfaces Thus, a C++

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... local copy Thus, only a local copy of the string is changed in the function, but the string in the calling function remains unchanged Exercise 2 // -// circle.cpp // Defines and calls the function ... variable occupies the same amount of space, independent of the type of object it references That is, it occupies as much space as is necessary to store an address On a 32-bit computer, such as a PC, ... two and circumference of the circle Exercise 3 producing any error messages However, the function will not swap the references instead of pointers Exercise 4 equations.The formula for calculating

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... the public members of that class An applica-tion program accesses objects by using the public methods of the class and thus activat-ing its capacities Access to object data is rarely direct, that ... class Account // -#ifndef _ACCOUNT_ // Avoid multiple inclusions #define _ACCOUNT_ #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Account { string name; // Account ... so-called public interface of the class. The opposite page shows a schematic definition of a class The privatesection gen-erally contains data members and the publicsection contains the access

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... defines an object currentof type Account: Example: Account current; // or: class Account Memory is now allocated for the data members of the currentobject The current object itself contains the ... objects—more details are given later Trang 4252 C H A P T E R 1 3 D E F I N I N G C L A S S E S// account_t.cpp // Uses objects of class Account // -#include "Account.h" int main() { Account ... uses the function getAccount() to read the data for a new account When called, the address of the account is passed: getAccount(ptr) // or: getAccount(&current1) The function can then use

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... “friendly” class automatically become friendfunctions in the class containing the frienddeclaration This technique is useful if a class is used in such close conjunction with another class that ... global function globFunc() and the method elFunc() of class B are declared as friendfunctions of class A This allows them direct access to the private members of class A Since these functions are ... dramatically improve the function’s response 䊐 Declaring Friend Functions A class can grant any function a special permit for direct access to its private members This is achieved by declaring

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... and capacities of class Car Properties and capacities of class Car Properties and capacities of class Car Additional properties and capacities of class PassCar Additional properties and capacities ... class, C The C class inherits the Bclass, which is defined in the public section following the colon The privateandpublicsections contain additional members of the Cclass 䊐 Access to Public Members ... 䊐 Direct and Indirect Base Classes The derived class Ccan itself be a base class for a further class, D This allows for class hierarchies Class Bthen becomes an indirect base class for class

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... characters you are already familiar with, there exist some special characters, called escape characters An escape character is symbolized with a backslash \ followed by a regular character(s) ... an escape character, you may wonder how you would actually express the character ‘\’ in a string C++ solves this by making the backslash character an escape character itself; that is, a backslash ... instance, the new-line character is symbolized as ‘\n’ The following table shows commonly used escape characters: Symbol Description \n New-line character: Represents a new line \t Tab character:

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

... will never be more than one character of pushback Modify getchandungetchaccordingly Exercise 4-9 Our getch and ungetch do not handle a pushed-back EOF correctly Decidewhat their properties ought ... characters plus the terminating'\0'). 4.10 Recursion C functions may be used recursively; that is, a function may call itself either directly orindirectly Consider printing a number as a character ... thegetch-ungetchcombination, which must be external so they can be shared, yet which should not be visible to users ofgetchandungetch Static storage is specified by prefixing the normal declaration

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 09:20

... since there is a one-to-one correspondence between integers and user-defined data types, the cast operator can either coerce integers into a user-speci-fied data value or coerce a user-speciuser-speci-fied ... 3.1416. b. Include the CIRCUM (x) macro defined in Exercise 3a in a complete C program and run the program to confirm proper operation of the macro for various cases. 4 a Define a macro named MIN ... effect on uppercase letters Using the ASCII codes listed in Appendix F, determine what other characters would be unaffected by Program 13-2. 8 Modify Program 13-2 so that a complete sentence can

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 09:22

... of l L character-literal: ’c-char-sequence’ L’c-char-sequence’ c-char-sequence: c-char c-char-sequence c-char c-char: any member of the source character set except the single-quote, backslash, ... backslash, or new-line character escape-sequence universal-character-name escape-sequence: simple-escape-sequence octal-escape-sequence hexadecimal-escape-sequence simple-escape-sequence: one of \’ \" ... \v octal-escape-sequence: \ octal-digit \ octal-digit octal-digit \ octal-digit octal-digit octal-digit hexadecimal-escape-sequence: \x hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-escape-sequence hexadecimal-digit

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... public Access not limited protected Access limited to this class and classes derived from this class internal Access limited to this program protected internal Access limited to this program and classes ... static modifier is an instance method. An instance method operates on a specific instance and can access both static and instance members. The instance on which an instance method was invoked can ... public static readonly Color White = new Color(255, 255, 255); public static readonly Color Red = new Color(255, 0, 0); public static readonly Color Green = new Color(0, 255, 0); public static readonly

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... handling their comple-tion events To avoid complicating the code example I haven’t shown theactive object class here, but I discuss active objects fully in Chapters 8and 9 The active object class must ... inline CShutdown::CShutdown() : CTimer(-1) {CActiveScheduler::Add(this);} inline void CShutdown::ConstructL() {CTimer::ConstructL();} inline void CShutdown::Start() {After(KShutdownDelay);} void CShutdown::RunL() ... expires CActiveScheduler::Stop(); } The CServer-derived object owns a CShutdown object As I cribed above, the server reference-counts its connected client sessions.The shutdown timer object is

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... thị Common Gateway Interface hoặc CGI là một giao thức chuẩn cho các ứng dụng (được gọi là CGI program hoặc CGI script) khả năng tương tác với Web Server và với Client Những CGI program này có ... Server của bạn hỗ trợ CGI và nó được định cấu hình để xử lý CGI Program Tất cả CGI program để được thực thi bởi HTTP Server được giữ trong một thư mục được định cấu hình trước Thư mục này được gọi ... là CGI directory, và theo qui ước, nó được đặt tên là /var/www/cgi-bin Theo qui ước, CGI file có đuôi là cgi, vì thế chúng là có thể thực thi trong C++ Theo mặc định, Apache Web Server được

Ngày tải lên: 02/12/2017, 13:58

... (in timeor space) machine language constructions when compiled If you write a C program simply andsuccinctly, it is likely to result in a succinct, efficient machine language executable If you ... containing one character is distinct from a lone character.) Acharacter constant is simply a single character between single quotes: 'A', '.', '%' The numeric value of a character constant is, ... systems, thecommand to compile a C program from a source file hello.c is cc -o hello hello.c You would type this command at the Unix shell prompt, and it requests that the cc (C compiler)program

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 15:20

... follow your customs,and I´ll follow mine. – C Napier C/C++ compatibility — silent differences between C and C++ — C code that is not C++ — deprecated features — C++ code that is not C — coping with ... explicit Program-type conversion is necessary, s st ta ti ic c_ _c ca as st t, r re ei nt er rp re et t_ _c ca as st t, c co on ns st t_ _c ca as st t, or a combination of these can do what a C-style ... opt class-name virtual access-specifier opt :: opt nested-name-specifier opt class-name access-specifier virtual opt :: opt nested-name-specifier opt class-name access-specifier: private protected

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... TRA TRẮC NGHIỆM TIẾNG ANH (CHỨNG CHỈ A,B,C) TEST 5 I Pronunciation 1 a cure b picture c lecture d furniture → a 2 a plow b how c cow d row → d 3 a enough b cough c although d rough → c 4 a son ... c 4 a son b only c lone d bone → a 5 a rate b late c private d date → c 6 a chair b cheap c chemist d child → c 7 a look b book c soon d good → c II Find the mistake: 8 We can prevent flood ... insists that I on time.” a was b am Trang 12c be d have been → c 50 She often uses her goods as as she can a economic b economically c economical d economicly → b

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 22:15

... Semiconductor Corporation PIC is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Inc in the USA Scenix is a trademark of Scenix Semiconductor, Inc Cypress is a trademark of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation ... the life expectancy of the architecture should be considered Using a C compiler for generating device programming reduces the cost of changing controllers when the preferred choice reaches the end ... manoeuvre Programming the prescalar and starting the clock are tasks of the software developer Knowing the processor clock frequency, and choosing correct prescalar values, you can achieve accurate

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 02:17

... TRAC NGHIEM TIENG ANH (CHUNG CHI A,B,C) TEST 15 I Pronunciation: 1 a sound b country c mount d denounce —>b 2 a army b sfart c quarter d party —>€ 3 a orange b acquaint c arrange d change ... astrologic b aeronautic c astronomic d atmospheric —>C 15 We live In a very populated area of India a sparsely b scarcely c hardly d barely —>a 16 Archaeology is one of the mosf InterestIing sclenfIfic ... was like her c Like her brother, Peter d That she was like her brother, Peter —>C 2I player tried his best, our team could win the match a Each b Since each c If each d Were each —> (`

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:15

... tượng cùng loại chia sẻ những đặc điểm chung.  Ví dụ Trang 13Lớp Là Gì?cho các đối tượng cùng kiểu đạp được tạo ra cho tất cả các đối tượng của cùng một loại nào đó nhau khác có thể là đang ... hàm cho các đối tượng này.  Tăng cường khả năng sử dụng lại Trang 5Đặc Điểm Quan Trọng Nhấn mạnh trên dữ liệu hơn là thủ tục  Các chương trình được chia thành các đối tượng  Dữ liệu được che ... là những lớp con (subclass) của lớp xe đạp  Thừa kế nghĩa là các phương thức và các thuộc tính được định nghĩa trong một lớp có thể được thừa kế hoặc được sử dụng lại bởi lớp khác Trang 22Tính

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 08:20