... Use third parties and information channels of communication Roy Philip 12 Concessions and Agreement • Write down concessionmaking strategies • Understand differences in decisionmaking styles • In many cultures, no concessions are made until ... 4.Number of participants 5.Audiences (news media, competitors, fellow vendors, etc.) 6.Communications channels 7.Time limits Roy Philip Summary of Japanese, American, and Chinese Negotiation Styles ... The passage of time is viewed differently across cultures – These differences most often hurt Americans Roy Philip Differences in Thinking and DecisionMaking Processes • Western approach – sequential • Eastern approach – holistic
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 18:50
... Where the provisions of the contract were performed • Most clearcut decisions can be made: – When contracts or legal documents supporting a business transaction include a jurisdictional clause Trang 7• The best advice is to seek settlement ... Many counterfeit goods are indistinguishable from original • Piracy actually can serve come companies – Microsoft • Counterfeit pharmaceuticals – 2% of the $327 billion worth of drugs sold each year ... licensees to sell controlled products without special permission from the U.S. • Antitrust laws – Enforcement has two purposes in international commerce • Protect American consumers • Protect American exports and investments against any private
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 19:33
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 11 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... differences in economic wellbeing, cultures, and political structures • The following sectors are great for American exporters: – Automotive components, cleaner coal, construction equipment, education and training services, machine tools, marine industries, healthcare, water and ... effective point rather than having distribution points dictated by tariff restrictions reduce smuggling and parallel importing centrally managed Trang 14AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) ... The Japanese management culture such as, lifetime employment, job promotion based not on merit but on length of service, reciprocal contractor/subcontractor loyalties, hindered their adjustment to the new economic era
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 19:51
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 14 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... • Cyclical swings in demand – Professional buyers tend to act in concert – Derived demand accelerates changes in markets • Derived demand can be defined as demand dependent on another source ... Positively affects the performance and stock prices of firms • Certification of the existence of a quality control system a company has in place to ensure it can meet published quality standards – Describes three quality system models ... associates services exceed the revenues from the products – Cellular phones – Printers • Leasing capital equipment • Services not associated with products – Boeing atseasatellitelaunch services – Ukrainian cargo company space rental on giant jets
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 20:05
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 8 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... The availability and accuracy of recorded secondary data increase with level of economic development Trang 8Gathering Primary Data – Quantitative and Qualitative Research (1 of 2) • Primary data – Data collected specifically for the particular research ... usefulness of such a product of concept – Product or concept must be understood and used in community • The more complex the concept, the more difficult it is to design research that will help the respondent ... Requires native speaker of language • Official statistics are sometimes too optimistic, reflecting national pride rather than practical reality, while tax structures and fear of the tax collector often adversely affect data
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 20:57
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 3 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... control birthrates, but some economists believe that a decline in the fertility rate is a function of economic prosperity and will come only with economic development 12 Roy Philip Trang 13– Sources of education – Health care – Improved job opportunities ... South America – British resistance of the English Channel – Trade through the Alps Trang 66Trang 7Geography, Nature and Economic Growth overcome – Disruption of ecosystems – Relocation of people ... understanding current attitudes well as to understand culture as it was – A country’s history Trang 4environment that confronts every marketer – Affects a society’s culture and economy – Physical makeup limits a nation’s ability to supply
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 21:16
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 17 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... skills Trang 3Recruiting Marketing and Sales Personnel (1 of 2) companies is the sales force – Numbers are declining – Important for highly technical or involved products – High cost – Cultural and legal barriers ... 10for Foreign Assignments • Cost of foreign assignments salary before completing the scheduled assignment • The planning process abroad returning home Trang 11to Accept a Foreign Assignment • Concerns for career ... 11to Accept a Foreign Assignment • Concerns for career advancement • Concerns for family • Special compensations packages deal with concerns 11 Roy Philip Trang 12Reducing the Rate of Early Returns • Evaluation of an employee’s family
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 21:25
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 9 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... Marketing is an economy’s arbitrator between productive capacity and consumer demand • The marketing process is the critical element in effectively utilizing production resulting from economic growth • Marketing is instrumental in laying the ... 2Objectives of Developing Countries • Industrialization is the fundamental objective of most developing countries • Economic growth is seen as the achievement of social as well as economic goals ... of the expected growth will be in industrial sectors such as, information technology, environmental technology, transportation, energy technology, healthcare technology, and financial services Trang 9• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA – Canada,
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 23:32
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 2 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... while jobs are protected, consumers pay much higher prices because of protectionism: – U.S. consumers pay about $70 billion per year in higher prices because of tariffs and other protective restrictions. ... to target global markets – Nochar Inc. (fire retardant) – Buztronics Inc. (promotional lapel buttons) Roy Philip Protection Logic and Illogic • Arguments for protectionism: – – – – – – – – – – – Protection of infant industry ... patterns, and international relations by starting trade wars Manufacturer’s supply sources, choices available to consumers, and competition Roy Philip Trade Barriers • Quotas and Import Licenses – Quota is a specific unit or dollar limit applied to a
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 23:51
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 4 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... History Impact of specific events can be seen reflected in technology, social institutions, cultural values, and even consumer behavior – Tobacco was the original source of the Virginia colony’s economic survival in the 1600s ... and Consequences of Culture Exhibit 4.4 Trang 5• Exercises a profound control – Includes climate, topography, flora, fauna, and microbiology – Influenced history, technology, economics, social institutions and way of thinking ... Up, and Arab Cola. Trang 7• School – the most important social institution – Direct link between a nation’s literacy rate and its economic development – Difficult to communicate with a market when a company must depend on symbols and pictures
Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2020, 23:55
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 16 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... and Advertising Agencies • Managed by advertising agencies – Local domestic agency – Companyowned agency – Multinational agency with local branches • Compensation – Commonly 15 percent throughout the world ... Perform marketing research Specify the goals of the communication Develop the most effective message(s) for the market segments selected Select effective media Compose and secure a budget Execute the campaign ... promotional packaging and design • Legal restrictions slowly being eliminated Roy Philip Legal Constraints Comparative advertising Advertising of specific products Control of advertising on television Accessibility to broadcast media
Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2020, 00:38
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 10 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... – Differences over economic policy, currency reform, and control of the military may break them apart 12 Roy Philip Trang 13• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) – 15nation group ... Plagued with financial problems, conflict within the group, and inactivity • Southern African Development Community (SADC) – Most advanced and viable of Africa’s regional organizations • East African Community (EAC) ... East African Community (EAC) Trang 14• Large markets are particularly important to businesses accustomed to mass production and mass distribution because of the economies of scale and marketing efficiencies that can be
Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2020, 00:49
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 13 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... Has on a consumer’s positive or negative perception of a product stereotypes about specific countries and specific product categories that they judge “best” CountryofOrigin Effects and Global Brands (1 of 2) ... Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, and John L. Graham Trang 2– Russian chocolate competitive global market crucial in delivering quality Trang 3Green Marketing and Product Development consequences of a variety of marketing activities ... Gaining the largest number of consumers in the market • In the shortest span of time – Probable rate of acceptance Trang 5• Crucial elements in the diffusion of new ideas – An innovation – Which is communicated through certain channels
Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2020, 00:58
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 12 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... Trang 12• Factors that influence the structure and performance of direct investments – Timing – The growing complexity and contingencies of contracts – Transaction cost structures – Technology transfer ... Market characteristics • Potential sales • Strategic importance • Strengths of local resources • Cultural differences • Country restrictions – Company capabilities and characteristics • Degree of nearmarket knowledge ... Equity positions are held by each of the partners Trang 11Alliances • Consortia – Similar to joint ventures and could be classified as such except for two unique characteristics • Typically involve a large number of participants
Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2020, 01:28
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 18 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... FullCost Versus VariableCost Pricing • Variablecost pricing – Firm is concerned only with the marginal or incremental cost of producing goods to be sold in overseas markets • Fullcost pricing ... Inflation may lead to heavy losses at end of contract period – Currency devaluation, expropriation and political risks Roy Philip 10 Countertrade as a Pricing Tool • Types of countertrade – – – – Barter Compensation deals Counterpurchase or offset trade ... The Internet and countertrading – Electronic trade dollars – Universal Currency/IRTA • Proactive countertrade strategy – Included as part of an overall market strategy – Effective for exchangepoor countries
Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2020, 01:47
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 5 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... When a businessperson is uncertain of a country’s rules and regulations, an agent may be hired to represent the company in that country – The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) – Change will come only from more ethically and ... For maximum success marketers must deal with foreign executives in acceptable ways Roy Philip Contextual Background of Various Countries Exhibit 5.2 Roy Philip PTime versus MTime • Monochronic time ... Dominant in highcontext cultures – Characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of many things – Allows for relationships to build and context to be absorbed as parts of highcontext cultures • Most cultures offer a mix of Ptime and Mtime behavior
Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2020, 01:53
Lecture International marketing (15/e): Chapter 15 - Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, John L. Graham
... 15examination of logistics costs and the calculation of total physical distribution costs achievement of the optimum (lowest) system cost, consistent with customer service objectives of the firm unification is the elimination of transportation ... – Could be a lengthy process – Applied to both domestic and foreign companies • Replaced by the LargeScale Retail Store Location Act of June 2000 – MITI out of the process – Relaxed restrictions ... 2Structures • All consumer and industrial products eventually go through a distribution process producers and middlemen middlemen and customers • Each country market has a distribution structure
Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2020, 02:21
BÁO CÁO NHÓM 12 minh họa bài toán người thợ cắt tóc sleeping barber problem
... DEADLOCK VÀ STARVATION Deadlock - xảy khách hàng thợ cắt tóc chờ đợi lẫn Starvation xảy khách hàng phải chờ đợi thời gian dài, khách hàng khác không tuân theo trật tự, thợ cắt tóc gọi khách cách ... tình trạng thợ cắt tóc xem có hay khơng làm việc AccessSeat: Cho phép khách hàng truy cập vào số lượng ghế cịn trống tăng giảm số lượng Biến dùng để thực thao tác loại trừ lẫn Cần thêm biến ... tình trạng thợ cắt tóc xem có hay khơng làm việc AccessSeat: Cho phép khách hàng truy cập vào số lượng ghế cịn trống tăng giảm số lượng Biến dùng để thực thao tác loại trừ lẫn Cần thêm biến
Ngày tải lên: 07/02/2022, 21:51
1500 Test C.pdf
... rate c a chair c a look c b picture c lecture d furniture b how c cow d row b cough c although d rough b only c lone d bone b late c private d date b cheap c chemist d child b book c soon ... Reagan > c 44 We can't reduce the number of nurses a cut back on b cut off on c cut out on d cut out a 45 Put on your coat just ………… it becomes cold a in fact b in time c in order d in case > ... had been coming c has come d has been coming a 29 I tried the bus, but I missed it a catching b to catch c catch d catch up >b 30 Women only began to gain with men in the 20th century a...
Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2012, 12:27
Bảo quản thực phẩm
... phitin, têch ly c c axit hỉỵu c tỉì c c cacbuahydro dỉåïi t c dủng ca VSV, têch ly c c axit bẹo tỉû tỉì c c cháút bẹo dỉåïi t c dủng ca enzim phitaza C åìng âäü ca c c quạ trçnh ny tàng cng våïi ... th c â åí nhiãût âäü 40 0C v âäü áøm ca khäng khê l 80% Âäúi våïi cháút ca c c tia sạng, våïi c c tia sạng nhçn tháúy thç c c tia c bỉå c sọng ngàõn c t c dủng kêch thêch sáu hải mảnh hån c c ... quanh chäù c ạnh sạng Låi dủng âà c ny ta c thãø tiãu diãût âỉå c sáu hải kho 5/ T c dủng c hc : Sáu mt l nhỉỵng sinh váût c kêch thỉå c âạng kãø nãn chụng dãù bë chãút c c va chảm c hc lục...
Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2012, 12:43