atng and its application

... brought about by thousands of chemical reactions and transport processes The synthesis of the underlying enzymes and membrane transporters causes the cell a certain
effort of energy and external resources ... Trang 1The principle of flux minimization and its application to estimate stationary fluxes in metabolic networks Hermann-Georg Holzhu¨tter Humboldt-University ... the network will be notated such that under standard conditions DGđ0ỡj ặ 0, Kequi  1, and thus vj> 0 vđ
ỡj Ử 0 The second term in the right-hand side of Eqn (5) depends upon the actual concentra-tions

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... source to target In particular, we visit every tree pair and each of its source nodes i, and update its alignment by selecting between and within two choices: (a) unaligned, (b) aligned with some ... sentence compression and the Bayesian STSG model, and algorithms we used for inference and prediction We then describe the experiments in extractive sentence compression and present our results ... et al., 2006), to parsing (Cohn et al., 2009; Post and Gildea, 2009) and machine translation (DeNero et al., 2008; Cohn and Blunsom, 2009; Liu and Gildea, 2009) Segmentation is achieved by introducing

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... and MargaretJames for many happy hours in the Mill, Mike and Rachael, Tim and Imogen, Paul, Alanand my other colleagues in DAMTP and MRAO College Trang 3To my parentsTrang 41.1 Some History and ... equations of motion are solved exactly and a number of conserved quantitiesare derived tensors and spinors is developed and applied to problems in Maxwell and Dirac theory Of particular interest ... charge and the number of words in this thesis 2 vectorshave both a magnitude and a direction Examples include relative positions,displacements and velocities 3 bivectors have a magnitude and an

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:29

... Trang 1dehydrogenase mutant and its application for NADPHregeneration Ryan Woodyer1, Huimin Zhao2and Wilfred A van der Donk1,3 1 Department of Chemistry, University ... step is (partially) rate determining with both NAD and NADP giving DV values of 2.2 and 1.7, respectively, andDV⁄ Km,phosphitevalues of 1.9 and 1.7, respectively To bet-ter comprehend the relaxed ... quenching The dissociation constants of NAD and NADP with PTDH-E175A⁄ A176R were 53 and 1.9 lm, respectively, while those of the prod-ucts NADH and NADPH were 17.4 and 1.22 lm, respectively Using sulfite

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... Trang 1Skeletonization and itsapplications Dept Image Processing & Computer Graphics University of Szeged, Hungary Trang ... the topological structure of an object, and • local object symmetries „ invariant to • translation, • rotation, and • (uniform) scale change „ simplified and thin Trang 37Skeletonization …Trang ... boundarypoints; „ praire-fire analogy: the boundary is set on fireand skeleton is formed by the loci where thefire fronts meet and quench each other; „ the locus of the centers of all the maximal

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 13:28

... Time-Varying Coherence and Its Application in Understanding Brain Functional Connectivity Cheng Liu,1William Gaetz,2and Hongmei Zhu (EURASIP Member)1 1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York ... Given a time seriesx(t), let μ t andσ t denote the mean value and standard deviation of the series at timet, respectively The autocorrelation between two time pointst1 andt2is mathematically defined ... process and established an evolutionary spectrum theory Hedges and Suter [15, 16] considered numerical means of measuring local stationarity in a time- and frequency-domain, while Galleani, Cohen, and

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

... Correlation of Multicarrier Modulated Signals and Its Application for Signal Detection Haijian Zhang, Didier Le Ruyet (EURASIP Member), and Michel Terr´e Electronics and Communications Laboratory, CNAM, ... for nonconjugate and conjugate cyclic autocorrelation function and spectral correlation function of OFDM and FBMC signals, which are very useful for blind MCM signals detection and classification ... knowl-edge,Section 4analyzes and derives the theoretical formulas of nonconjugate and conjugate cyclic autocorrelation and spectral correlation functions of OFDM and FBMC signals In Section 5,

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... Speech, and Music ProcessingVolume 2009, Article ID 304579, 14 pages doi:10.1155/2009/304579 Research Article Pitch- and Formant-Based Order Adaptation of the Fractional Fourier Transform and Its Application ... example Figures1and2show the FFT-based and FrFT-FFT-based spectrograms of the vowel with and without inclusion of formants, respectively Figure 1shows that theNth harmonic and its neighbors will ... described and illustrated using FFT- and FrFT-based spectrograms of an artificially generated vowel In Section 5, a tonal vowel discrimination test is designed, and the results are given and analyzed

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... In Section 2 we introduce the system model and the information rate for OFDMA and SC-FDMA. In Section 3 we derive the SC- FDMA rate result and provide its geometrical interpretation assuming equal ... different transmission bandwidths, while for SC-FDMA it decreases as the transmission bandwidth increases. This may due to the fact that as the transmission bandwidth increases and when it is much ... License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Introduction In high data rate wideband wireless communication

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... Communications and Networking Volume 2008, Article ID 892193, 13 pages doi:10.1155/2008/892193 Research Article Reduced-Rank Shift-Invariant Technique and Its Application for Synchronization and Channel ... reduced-rank shift-invariant technique and its application for synchronization and channel identification in UWB systems. Shift-invariant techniques, such as ESPRIT and the matrix pencil method, have ... matrix U and Q×L matrix V consist of left and right singular vectors, respectively. U p (V p ) and U r (V r ) are the left and right submatrices of U(V), associated with the p principal and the

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... Inequalities and Applications Volume 2009, Article ID 461757, 13 pages doi:10.1155/2009/461757 Research Article A New Singular Impulsive Delay Differential Inequality and Its Application Zhixia Ma1 and ... Lakshmikantham and S Leela, Differential and Integral Inequalities: Theory and Applications Vol II: Functional, Partial, Abstract, and Complex Differential Equations, vol 55 of Mathematics in Science and ... 1970 V Lakshmikantham and S Leela, Differential and Integral Inequalities: Theory and Applications Vol I: Ordinary Differential Equations, vol 55 of Mathematics in Science and Engineering, Academic

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... Science and Technology References 1 D D Bainov and P S Simeonov, Impulsive Differential Equations: Periodic Solutions and Applications, vol. 66 of Pitman Monographs and Surveys in Pure and Applied ... D; x is continuous from left and has right-hand limits at t∈ D }; and PC10, T0; X ≡ {x ∈ PC0, T0; X | ˙x ∈ PC0, T0; X} Set sup Trang 4If x ∈ DA and DA is an invariant subspace ... Generalized Gronwall Inequality and Its Application to Periodic Solutions of Integrodifferential Impulsive Periodic System on Banach Space JinRong Wang, 1 X Xiang, 1, 2 W Wei, 2 and Qian Chen 2 1 College

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 03:20

... Ireland, June-July 2000 M Zakai, “On the optimal ltering of diusion processes, Zeitschrift fă r Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiu ete, vol 11, no 3, pp 230–243, 1969 Z S Haddad and ... comprehensive framework for H Moon and R Chellappa tracking using 3D deformable model and optical flow computation using 3D shape constraints, and presents an application to face tracking Reference ... model, and recursively estimate the motion and diffusion parameters We represent the dynamical equation as a discrete-time process: Xk+1 = Xk + dk + Σk wk , where wk is a standard Gaussian random

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... Eigendecomposition and Its Application Jian Yang, Feng Yang, Hong-Sheng Xi, Wei Guo, and Yanmin Sheng Laboratory of Network Communication System and Control, Department of Automation, University of Science and ... degree and Ph.D. degree in China University of Science and Technology and Chinese Academy of Sci-ences in 1983 and 1992, respectively He worked in Communication Research Lab-oratory, Japan, and ... science and en-gineering from University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, in 2007 He has worked in areas of wireless commu-nication, adaptive theory, and application, and statistical

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 20:20

... pagesdoi:10.1155/2007/58416 Research Article On a Class of Parametric Transforms and Its Application to Image Compression Susanna Minasyan, 1 Jaakko Astola, 1 and David Guevorkian 2 1 Institute of Signal Processing, ... matrix having e at its first row, andH N −1∈ Ω (or H N −1∈ Ω) is an (N −1)×(N −1) matrix having the lastN −1 components of the vectorH N aT at its first row Both matricesH N  andH N may be ... compression ratio and the distortion; NB is the number of bits representing the block after coding (DCT, quantization and lossless encoding); SE is the absolute difference between the original and the reconstructed

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 20:20

... 10.1155/ASP/2006/86712 Time-Frequency Signal Synthesis and Its Application in Multimedia Watermark Detection Lam Le and Sridhar Krishnan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, ... technique and applied it to image and audio signals The chirp signalx(t) (or m) is quantized and has value−1 and 1 as in mq mqis then embedded into the multimedia files The detail of the embedding and ... results are summed together and generate the wideband noise vector w: w= N  whereN is the number of watermark message bits in m q The wideband noise w is then carefully shaped and added to the audio

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... Article A Review of Signal Subspace Speech Enhancement and Its Application to Noise Robust Speech Recognition Kris Hermus, Patrick Wambacq, and Hugo Van hamme Department of Electrical Engineering ... recogniser’s preprocessing and decoding op-erations In ASR applications, the effectiveness of any speech enhancement algorithm is quantified by its potential to close the gap between noisy and clean-speech ... signal subspace (and its dimension) will consequently be frame-dependent Noise signal The additive noise is assumed to be zero-mean, white, and uncorrelated with the speech signal Its variance should

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... clusters, 7 and 10 Cluster 7 is divided into clusters 2 and 3 Cluster 10 is further divided into cluster 9, which consists of clusters 1 and 4, and cluster 8, which consists of clusters 5 and 6 We ... =(1/n)n k =1 X ik, andσ iis the standard deviation ofX i,σ i =X2 i − X2i From (1), we can see thatC i j ranges from−1 to 1, with 1 representing identical responses between genesi and j and −1 the opposite ... based on the local maximum of its magnitude There are 4 peaks, 1, 2, 3, and 4; andr1,r3, andr4are the distances from peaks 1, 3, and 4 to their nearest equal magnitude neighbor points Assumer3<

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... length (M = 4, 5, and 6 bits) The channel code is the same as in the previous simulations The interleaver size is 20800 bits and the frame length is 148, as established in the GSM standard There is ... dif-ference in the estimation error between usingM =4 bits and M =5 bits, whereas the gap betweenM =5 andM =6 is very small This points out thatM =5 bits is the minimum length for the training sequence ... training sequence length can be reduced from 26 bits as in the GSM standard to only 5 bits, thus achieving a 14% improvement in system throughput Keywords and phrases: STC, turbo equalization, turbo

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... and MargaretJames for many happy hours in the Mill, Mike and Rachael, Tim and Imogen, Paul, Alanand my other colleagues in DAMTP and MRAO College Trang 3To my parentsTrang 41.1 Some History and ... equations of motion are solved exactly and a number of conserved quantitiesare derived tensors and spinors is developed and applied to problems in Maxwell and Dirac theory Of particular interest ... charge and the number of words in this thesis 2 vectorshave both a magnitude and a direction Examples include relative positions,displacements and velocities 3 bivectors have a magnitude and an

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 06:20