applications of lead free piezoelectrics

... Trang 1DEVELOPMENT OF LEAD-FREE ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATING SYSTEMS AND METAL THIN WANG KE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2008 Trang 2DEVELOPMENT OF LEAD-FREE ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATING ... DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2008 Trang 3I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, A/Prof ... Representation of Electrolytic Metal Deposition 11Fig 3.1 Influence of concentration of sulfur-containing amino acids on nickel deposition rate 65 Fig 3.2 Current-potential curves of anodic oxidation of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:01

... substitution of titanium ions (Ti 4+) plays a crucial role in this process, given its atomic weight of 47.9 and ionic radius of 0.0605 nm.Zr 4+ ions, with an atomic weight of 91.2 and an ionic radius of ... properties of lead-free barium titanate BaTiO3 thin films."EXPERIMENTS AND METHODSFabrication of BZT and BLZT thin films by sol-gel spin coating method…by sol-gel spin coating method The properties of ... density of approximately 7.0 J/cm³ and an impressive energy-storage efficiency of 60.7% at an electric field strength of 1650 kV/cm This suggests that La-doped BZT thin films are promising lead-free...

Ngày tải lên: 10/10/2022, 07:44

... of Ti\(^{4+}\) ions, which have an atomic weight of 47.9 and an ionic radius of 0.0605 nm, plays a crucial role in this process.Zr 4+ ions, with an atomic weight of 91.2 and an ionic radius of ... the research topic: “Effect of Zr and La based co-doping on electrical properties of lead-free barium titanate BaTiO 3 thin films.”EXPERIMENTS AND METHODSFabrication of BZT and BLZT thin films ... angle of incidence of the X-ray beam, encapsulated in the well-known Bragg Equation. E.q 2.4 where is the wavelength of the x-ray beam, is the angle of incidence, is the interplanar spacing of the...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2023, 08:16

... Research objectives of the thesis: Fabrication of lead-free ceramic material for practical application in the pulsed-power capacitors industry Lnvestigation of electrical properties of fabricated materials ... concentration of Ti’ (avomiv weight of 47.9, ioniv radius of 0.0605 mm) with Zr" (atomic weight of 91.2, ionic radius of 0.072 nm) unveiled several interesting features in the dielectric behavior of ... generation of advanced energy-storage capacitor applications According to the above analysis, the research topic was selected: “Effect of Zr and La based co-doping on electrical properties of lead-free...

Ngày tải lên: 10/06/2025, 11:13

... Trang 1TLANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECIINOLOGY MASTER’S THESIS Effect of Zr and La based co-doping on electrical properties of lead-free barium titanate BaTiO; thin films ... deposition Lead zirconate, PhZrO; Lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Z1,Ti)O; Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, (Pb,La}{(Zr,TijO3 Polar nanoregions Lead magnesium niobate, Po(Mg,gNbia)Os Lead zirconate ... deposition Lead zirconate, PhZrO; Lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Z1,Ti)O; Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, (Pb,La}{(Zr,TijO3 Polar nanoregions Lead magnesium niobate, Po(Mg,gNbia)Os Lead zirconate...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2025, 09:54

... a reduction of T c was observed in our system At room temperature, εr of pure BNKT was found to be 1,419 The addition of 10 mol% BST showed an optimum εr of 1,609 As free energy of the rhombohedral ... -(Ba, Sr)TiO 3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. J Alloy Compd 2010, 492:307-312 3 Peng C, Li JF, Gong W: Preparation and properties of (Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 -Ba(Ti, Zr)O 3 lead-free piezoelectric ... remanent polarization [P r] of approximately 38 µC/cm2 and a high Curie temperature [T c] of approximately 320°C, (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 [BNT] is a candidate material for a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... It also has a high curie temperature of 420°C, piezoelectric constant (d33) of 80 pC/N, and coupling factor coefficient (kp) of 0.35 The crystal structure of KNN is dependent on the temperature ... even though it is still far from that of the lead-based materials, such as PZT KNN has recently been subjected to intensive studies as a promising lead-free ferroelectric to replace the toxic ... values of all glass ceramics were low, between 0.014 and 0.023 depending on the frequency This KNN glass ceramic is a promising lead-free ferroelectric glass ceramic which may be applied to many applications...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... high-output and lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester by using the aerosol deposition method and the laser lift-off process We also investigated the comprehensive biocompatibility of the lead-free piezoceramic ... work demonstrates the promise of high-performance lead-free piezoelectric energy harvesting for biocompatible and ecofriendly applications, as notable alternatives to lead-based piezoceramics Seesupplementary ... with Food and the Use of the Term ‘Lead Free’ in the Labeling of Pottery; and Proper Identification of Ornamental and Decorative Ceramicware” (2010). 36C Idnani, in Proceedings of 32nd IEEE/CPMT...

Ngày tải lên: 19/11/2022, 11:49

... View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/adv/6/6 Published by the American Institute of Physics Trang 2Determination of temperature dependency of materialparameters for lead-free alkali ... Therefore, lead-free piezoelectric materials have been paid a lot of attention.3 9Sodium potassium niobate (Na,K)NbO3 (NKN) piezoceramics are a highly-promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric ... complete parameter set of NKN Here, we report on temperature dependency of the material parameters, which is still unknown but essential for practical applications of NKN The origin of large piezoelectric...

Ngày tải lên: 24/11/2022, 17:53

... originating from any of several sources, including the analog electronics, or the ocean itself Above 70 hertz, the white noise rapidly decreases in amplitude This is a result of the roll-off of the antialias ... jargon, windows provide a trade-off between resolution (the width of the peak) and spectral leakage (the amplitude of the tails) To explore the theoretical aspects of this in more detail, imagine ... peak and adding tails composed of numerous side lobes This is an unavoidable result of using only a portion of the original time domain signal Here we can see the tradeoff between the three windows...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 09:49

... concise summary of the present state of theart of the theory and practice of OFDM technology The authors believe thatthe time is ripe for such a treatment Particularly based on one of the author'slong ... FFT on the received block of signal samples This form of OFDM is often referred to as DiscreteMulti-Tone (DMT) The spectrum of the signal on the line is identical to that of N separate QAM signals, ... sequence of length N because the circular convolution of the two sequences has period of N Intuitively, an N -point DFT of a sequence corresponds to a Fourier series of the periodic extension of the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2013, 16:58

... and development of duty-free business in the world 1.2.2 The formation of duty-free business in Vietnam 1.3 Concepts of duty-free business 1.3.1 Definition 1.3.2 Kinds of duty-free shop 1.3.3 ... DUTY-FREEDEPARTMENT, DUTY-FREE SHOPS, THE FORMATION AND CONCEPTS OF DUTY-FREE GOODS This chapter is concerned with some basic information about DFD,NASCO, duty-free shop formation of duty-free ... system ISO 9001:2008, structure of goodsand the way of services at duty-free shops of NASCO continuously improved tomeet needs of customers 1.2 The formation of duty-free in the world and in Vietnam...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2013, 14:39

... similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim ... Pictorial Representation of an Electric System For a pictorial overview of the different parts of an electric system, see Figs 1.1 through 1.4 A simple model of the entire process of generation, transmission, ... denoted by the symbol V ■ Current (I) The flow of free electrons in one general direction, measured in units of amps ■ Amp (A) The unit of measurement of electric current, denoted by the symbol A...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20

... part of The Steel Tube Institute of North America or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any ... constant of cross-section (mm3) Outside diameter of round HSS (mm) Nominal depth minus times the design wall thickness, t (mm) Moment of inertia of cross-section (mm4) Moment of inertia of cross-section ... X-X axis (mm4) Moment of inertia of cross-section about the Y-Y axis (mm4) Torsional stiffness constant of cross-section (mm4) Governing radius of gyration (mm) Radius of gyration with respect...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 16:15

... dimension with tens of millions of members If you attempt to store tens of millions of members in a MOLAP dimension, you receive errors when you process the dimension Because of the query performance ... include: ! Start time, end time, and duration of entire process, as well as the times and duration of each of the steps of the process ! Number of RDBMS rows processed at each step ! Initialization ... other Microsoft trademarks in alphabetical order > are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A and/or other countries

Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2014, 05:20

... use of the constancy of the speed of light to show that the familiar everyday conception of time is plain wrong Imagine that the leaders of two warring nations, sitting at opposite ends of a ... number of cycles (or fractions thereof) that the hands swing through between chosen events  22 Of course, the meaning of "perfectly regular cycles of motion" implicitly involves a notion of time, ... 99.999 percent of light speed the mass of a muon has increased by a factor of 224; at 99.99999999 percent of light speed it has increased by a factor of more than 70,000 Since the mass of the muon...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 16:20

... paltry percent of the total matter and energy content of the universe (Of that percent, most of it is in the form of hydrogen and helium, and probably only 0.03 percent takes the form of the heavy ... of science—as the result of a new generation of powerful scientific instruments soaring through outer space Ancient mythology relied upon the wisdom of storytellers to expound on the origins of ... measurement of the age of the universe to an astonishing percent accuracy: 13.7 billion years The WMAP mission is the culmination of over a decade of hard work by astrophysicists The concept of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/03/2014, 21:20

... procedure of the visit and includes both an evaluation of cognitive status by means of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [16] and an evaluation of frailty status according to the recent Study of ... out of 175], in which the prevalence of frail subjects according to the SOF criteria is expected to be very low, below 5% [31] Since our sample consisted of outpatients the expected prevalence of ... People's Quality of Life questionnaire; BADLs = Basic Activities of Daily Living; IADLs = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination; SOF = Study of Osteoporotic...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... origin In this case xo = and yo = Note: In this analysis of projectile motion we neglect the effects of (4-8) air resistance (4 - 8) The equation of the path: gt x = ( vo cos θ o ) t (eqs.2) y = ( ... This equation describes the path of the motion 2 ( vo cos θ o ) The path equations has the form: y = ax + bx This is the equation of a parabola Note: The equation of the path seems too complicated ... determine the coordinates of particle P to be xPA and xPB , respectively xPA = xPB + xBA Here xBA is the coordinate of B with respect to A d d d We take derivatives of the above equation: xPA...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 05:15

... to be more precise—the fact that software has grown in complexity and size—is very much part of the problem of software testing Software The IEEE definition of error, fault and failure is used ... improving and classifying software testing, especially the automated aspects thereof Software testing is, in our opinion: the process of ensuring that a certain piece of software item fulfills its ... up, software testing is the process wherein a software engineer can identify e.g completeness, correctness and quality of a certain piece of software In addition, as will be covered next, software...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 19:15