application of atomic force microscopy in bacteria research

... Atomic force microscopy investigations into the absorption of cationic polymers Cosmet Toiletr 10 9, 55 – 61 2 Schmitt, R L and Goddard, E D (19 94) Atomic force microscopy II Investigation... ... Calculation of Cuticle Step Heights from AFM Images of Outer Surfaces of Human Hair James R Smith 1 Introduction Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an ideal technique for noninvasive examination of ... providing a wealth of structural information not always apparent from electron microscopy The fine cuticular structure of human head hair is of interest to those engaged in the... the fields of

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... the recording of pictures with increasing detail Especially in fluid medium, the investigation of active cells offers numerous facts As an example of dynamic interactions, a series of images collected ... 29 Imaging Living Chondrocyte Surface Structures With AFM Contact Mode Gerlinde Bischoff, Anke Bernstein, David Wohlrab, and Hans-Joachim Hein 1 Introduction In its most established mode of operation, ... indent into the surface at this point If this takes place, the slope of the contact part of the force curve can provide information about the elasticity of the sample surface (12) After loading

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... Bischoff, R., Bischoff, G., and Hein, H.-J (2002) Scanning force microscopy (SFM) visualization of adherently growing cells Am Biotech Lab 3, 20–22. 20 Bischoff, R., Bischoff, G., and Hoffmann, ... Scanning force microscopy observation of tumor cells treated with hematoporphyrin IX derivatives Ann. Biomed Eng 29, 1092–1099. Trang 210 Growth Cones of Living Neurons Probed by Atomic Force Microscopy ... Tedesco 1 Introduction A large body of recent literature describes the use of atomic force micros-copy (AFM; ref 1) for the study of living cells These experimental findings clearly indicate that

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... surrounding intertubular dentin, leaving enlarged tubule lumens (Fig. 4B) Exposure increments are continued in steps of 10 s to a minute or more to follow continued changes in the dentin structure ... effect of dehydration leading to the collapse of the demineralized dentin matrix (collagen) was previously mentioned and is of considerable interest from the standpoint of dentin bonding procedures, ... selected field of view in a baseline image the point-to-point differ-ences in height between the reference layer and each of the selected peritubular dentin locations and intertubular dentin areas

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... excellent preservation, indistinguishable from that reported in cells of the intact heart Fig 5 Electron micrograph detailing the structural complexity of the interior of mammalian ventricular ... output from each ventricle in the whole organ It follows that if scanning force microscopy is applied to Fig 4 (A) Scanning micrograph showing array of T-tubule openings, which have both ovoid ... are preserved in these isolated cells The structure of intracellular membranes and organelles also shows excellent preservation, indistinguishable from that reported in cells of the intact heart

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... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the surface of the unstained semithin sections is explored with an atomic force microscopy working in con-tact mode (17,19) to visualize the interior of the cell ... (continued) alterations of B cereus after 2-h incubation with daptomycin at 8× MIC (C) Example of alterations induced in B cereus after 4-h incubation with daptomycin 8 × MIC (D) Lateral view of ... daptomycin: atomic force microscopy investigation Chemotherapy 14, 336-341. 14 Nagao, E and Dvorak, J A (1999) Developing the atomic force microscope for studies of living cells Intern Lab January,

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... versa (D) Increasing the inte-gral gain (see Note 16 during imaging resulted in an artifact-free image and reveal typi-cal jasplakinolide-induced changes, that is, a loss of jasplakinolide A-sensitive ... informa-tion is obtained and therefore improves the understanding of both microscopies, providing a limit of confidence for AFM imaging of living cells Finally, the use of a video camera installed on ... help in interpreting results in relation to the forces used is the appli-cation of glutaraldehyde which increases the rigidity or stiffness of cells, Fig 2 Time-lapse AFM series of jasplakinolide

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... and incubate the slides at 37°C for 15 s in 0.05% trypsin-solution (Difco) 2 Rinse the slides briefly in PBS and staining and stain the treated slides in 5% Giemsa solution for 8 min 3 Rinse ... by rinsing in deionized water and air drying 5 Stain the slides in 5% Giemsa solution at room temperature for 45 min, rinse with water, and allow to dry 3.4 Protein Digestion 1 After washing ... biological applications, including chromosomes (10–12), not requiring, especially in contact mode analysis, any particular treatment of the sample The AFM allows imaging of chromosomes in ambient

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... 3.9.1 Force Mapping A force map is a 2D array of force curves (You already know a single force curve from the force calibration menu of the BioScope.) In a force curve, the force acting on the AFM ... independent of the loading force and independent of the elastic modulus of the cell The following section explains the analysis of the data and gives practical hints for data acquisition 3.9.1 Force ... 64 points in the force curve) When you increase the length of the force curve, the force resolution of the curve will become worse Smaller lateral pixel numbers permit more points in the force

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... Detecting Intra- and Intermolecular Forces of Proteins 287 Aileen Chen and Vincent T Moy 15. Forced Unfolding of Single Proteins S M Altmann and P.-F Lenne A D L Humphris and M J Miles III Application ... Living Cells Martin Benoit III Preparations of the Force Sensor for Measurements with Living Cells 94 Peter Hinterdorfer 7. The Biophysics of Sensory Cells of the Inner Ear Examined by Atomic Force ... Membrane Proteins by Atomic Force Microscopy Daniel J M¨uller and Andreas Engel III Identification of Membrane Proteins 264 IV Observing the Oligomerization of Membrane Proteins 270 V Unraveling the

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... and kinematics in addition to the application of other measuring techniques possible. With this step in the development of scanning probe instruments, the capability of optical microscopy to investigate ... pulling, and in this way unfolding events occurring in a single protein can be examined Each peak is attributed to a breakage of a main stabilizing... folded protein structure Recombinant DNA ... that in these experiments a certain type of interaction between a certain amino acid group within a protein and the metal determines the first contact. The exact nature of the measured adhesion forces

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... number of actin-associated proteins control the architecture of this network (Hartwig and Kwiatkowski, 1991) There are molecules which induce bundling, cross-linking, and anchoring of actin to the ... the offset d0must be subtracted from all deflection values This offset can be easily obtained by calculating the mean deflection in the off-surface region (between points 1 and 2 in Fig 2a) In principle, ... polysaccharide chain (Rief et al., 1997), a force of about 10 pN is obtained This is about the sensitivity of a state-of-the-art AFM using the softest cantilevers available Since the AFM tip may be in contact

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... limit of deflection in range of analysis d2 upper limit of deflection in range of analysis E elastic or Young’s modulus of sample F loading force of AFM cantilever tip F1 lower limit of loading force ... of the migration of cells List of Symbols α half-opening angle of conical indenter δ indentation of (soft) sample d deflection of AFM cantilever d0 zero deflection of the free AFM cantilever (off ... loading force in range of analysis F2 upper limit of loading force in range of analysis Fcone loading force predicted from the Hertz model for a conical indenter Fparaboloid loading force predicted

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... de-adhesion forces were determined after a contact force of 35± 5 pN, binding was observed in roughly half of the traces The collection of traces shown in Fig 10C illustrates the type of results obtained ... the single molecular level are resolved And the principle of gain-ing adhesion strength by oligomerization of molecular bindgain-ing partners can be assumed from these measurements Insights into ... Cellular Proteins IV Recognition Imaging A Lateral Force Mapping B Dynamic Recognition Force Microscopy References I Introduction The potential of the atomic force microscope (AFM) (Binnig et al.,

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... addition of phlorizin Both unbinding force distribution and binding probabiliy, i.e., the probability to detect a recognition event in a force–distance cycle, were determined In SGLT–PAN3 binding in ... four interacting strand dimers (Fig 5) The rather low trans-interaction force of a single bond is thus amplified by complexes of cumulative binding strength Simultaneous unbinding of two or more independent ... Unbinding force distribution of trans-interacting VE-cadherins Frequency distribution of unbinding forces between tip- and plate-attached PEG/VE-cadherin-Fc measured at retrace velocities of

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... number of actin filaments is reduced from a few hundred to about a dozen form-ing a point of flexform-ing The actin filaments are crosslinked by smaller filaments, probably fimbrin, preventing bending of ... Bending of the stereocilia results in stretch-ing the tip links and openstretch-ing of the transduction channel allowstretch-ing an influx of cations into the hair cell (Gillespie, 1995; Markin ... stereocilium) results in a strain of the connecting tip link possibly pulling at a transduction channel Interaction with the stereocilium results in vertical deflection of the AFM cantilever beam indicated

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... I Introduction Ever since the invention of the atomic force microscope in 1986 by Binnig et al (1986), atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively applied to the study of a variety of ... Analysis A Binding Force Measurements on Intact Cells B Binding Map Analysis C Material Property Analysis D Induced Strain Calculation E Interfacing AFM Measurements with Finite Element Modeling Techniques ... gating-spring integrity in hair cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 94(22), 11,923–11,928. Martin, Y., Willams, C C., and Wickramashinghe, H K (1987) Atomic force microscope-force mapping and profiling

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... Adapting atomic force microscopy for cell biology Ultramicroscopy 82, 289–295. Lehenkari, P P., and Horton, M A (1999) Single integrin molecule adhesion forces in intact cells measured by atomic force ... part of a cell physiological mechanism In summary, through its capacity to quantify a number of biological phenomena in engineering terms, AFM may bring certain fields of biology into the era of ... cardiovascular applications AFM may be of particular interest in the field of biomechanics Indeed, cell bio-mechanics has been hindered mainly by lack of a precise tool enabling the verification of the

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