anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system

... is the idea behind the naming of the retinal axons In the PNS, they are called the optic nerve, and in the CNS, they are the optic tract.[link] helps to clarify which of these terms apply to the ... The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The nervous system can be divided into two major regions: the central and peripheral nervous systems The central nervous system (CNS) is the brain and ... cell is one of a variety of cells that provide a framework of tissue that supports the neurons and their activities The neuron is the more functionally important of the two, in terms of the communicative

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2017, 23:13

... impaired neutrophil rolling and adhesion to activated endothelium The cause is a defect in the synthesis of sialylated Lewis X, the carbohydrate ligand on neutrophils and other leukocytes that is ... important for recognition of common antigens at epithelial boundaries between the host and the external environment The gd T cells differ from the ab T cells in which one of the following ways? 8 ... and antigen-presenting cells, as well as leukocytes and endothelial cells As such, it plays an important role in the activation of T lymphocytes and in their migration to sites of infection and

Ngày tải lên: 01/03/2019, 09:51

... understand the basics – how reptiles breathe, the structure of the psittacine sinuses andthe complex gastro-intestinal physiology of the rabbit – before we can properly treat theseunique pets The ... found on islands off the coast of New Zealand while the other species is found only on North Brother Island in the Cook Strait They are nocturnal, mainly insectivorous and, unlike other reptiles, ... on the sub-strate The female picks up these packets through the cloacal opening and they are stored in the cloaca until egg laying The exceptions are the Asiatic land salamanders (Hynobiidae) and

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2019, 15:58

... and recruit other leukocytes and activate them to kill microbes TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The tissues of the immune system consist of the generative lymphoid organs, in which T and B lymphocytes ... sheaths of the spleen When the lymphocytes are activated by antigens, they alter their expression of chemokine receptors The B cells and T cells then migrate toward each other and meet at the edge of ... referring to the ability of the immune system to coexist with (tolerate) potentially genic self molecules, cells, and tissues anti-CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The cells of the adaptive immune system

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 14:12

... Toward the back of the body The spinal cord extends down the posterior side of the body. Lateral Toward the side of the body The arms are on the lateral sides of the body Medial Toward the median ... what causes the heart muscles to contract—the sequence of blood flow through the heart and what causes blood pressure The anatomy (structure) and the physiology (function) of any part of the body ... plane of the body The heart is medial to the lungs Superficial (external) Toward the surface of the body The skin is superficial to the muscles. Deep (internal) Away from the surface of the body The

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 19:01

... properties of the proteins involved in the early steps of the alternative pathway of complement activation C, Table summarizes the important properties of the proteins involved in the early steps of the ... from the Fc receptors promote the cytosis of the opsonized microbes and activate the phagocytes to destroy these microbes B, Table lists the different types of human phago-Fc receptors and their ... 11Functions of the Complement SystemThe complement system plays an tant role in the elimination of microbes during innate and adaptive immune responses The main effector functions of impor-the complement

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 03:31

... of the brain and the pituitary gland, correlating the activity of the two systems Furthermore, certain hormones may stimulate or inhibit the activities of the nervous system Other organs of the ... view of the brain with the eyes and part of the meninges still intact 1 Eyeball 2 Muscles of the eye 3 Temporal lobe of cerebrum Figure 9.11 A diagram of the inferior of the brain showing the ... endocrine system include the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands, located in the neck The adrenal glands and pancreas are located in the abdominal region The ovaries of the female are located in the

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 18:14

... impaired neutrophil rolling and adhesion to activated endothelium The cause is a defect in the synthesis of sialylated Lewis X, the carbohydrate ligand on neutrophils and other leukocytes that is ... migrate to the mucosa and recognize these peptide-MHC complexes Which of the following components of the TCR actually bind to the viral peptide-MHC complex? 5 Hypermutated regions: 1 in the a chain, ... and P-selectin on cytokine-activated endothelium In a 17 CD44 expressed on the surface of T cells is critical for the binding of activated T cells to endothelium at sites of inflammation, and

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2020, 17:37

... excessively small The Constitution established the judiciary as one of the branches of the tripartite separation of powers, or the system of checks and balances, along with the Diet and the Cabinet ... existence of a larger stock of legal professionals sharing the concept of the rule of law, and their wide range of activities in various fields of a society based on a spirit of mutual reliance and ... ultimate guardian of the rights and freedoms of the people and to maintain the legal order with the Constitution at the top There are a considerable number of evaluations suggesting that the judiciary

Ngày tải lên: 08/06/2021, 22:18

... phẫu trên tiêu bản MDCT là nghiên cứu mô tả Nghiên cứu lâm sàng trên bệnh nhân là nghiên cứu mô tả theo dõi dọc - Đối tượng nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu đặc điểm giải phẫu các nhánh xuyên động mạch đùi ... sàng của vạt đùi trước ngoài tự do dạng chùm 1.2.3 Định nghĩa và phân loại vạt da nhánh xuyên Theo Hallock G G : Nhánh xuyên cơ là mạch máu đi qua cơ, xuyên qua lớp cân sâu và cung cấp máu cho ... cho 1 - 2 nhánh xuyên mạc da để cấp máu cho da vùng giữa đùi Trang 6Động mạch xuyên III chạy dọc theo đường ráp xương đùi giữa chỗ bám của cơ khép lớn và đầu ngắn cơ nhị đầu đùi có vị trí 10 –

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2021, 08:40

... mẫu không lớn Nghiên cứu Alessandro S cộng (2015) sử dụng vạt nhánh xuyên động mạch đùi sâu che phủ ụ ngồi cho kết vạt da lành tốt không loét tái phát thời gian theo dõi 12 tháng [6] Kết nghiên ... nhân loét vùng ụ ngồi có kết theo dõi năm khơng có biến chứng bao gồm loét tái phát [7] Kết nghiên cứu Gebert L cộng (2017) 15 bệnh nhân với 16 ổ loét ụ ngồi có kết theo dõi sau năm tất vạt da ... gia Hoa kỳ *Nguồn: theo Joyce B cộng (2007) [1] 1.1.4 Các phương pháp điều trị loét tỳ đè vùng ụ ngồi – mấu chuyển lớn Điều trị phịng ngừa Có nhiều phương pháp điều trị tùy theo mức độ thương

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2021, 09:05

... understanding of the anatomy and function of the ear and the auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... original work on the different subjects Understanding of the anatomy and the function of the auditory system together with knowledge about the pathophysiology of the auditory system are essential ... function of the cochlea than of any other sensory organ C H A P T E R Anatomy of the Ear ABSTRACT 10 The ear consists of the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear The outer ear consists of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... at the entrance of the ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place of the head The effect of the head on the sound at the entrance of the ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area of the tympanic membrane and the area of the stapes footplate, but the lever ratio of the middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas of the BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light of the FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements of the umbo, the head of the stapes and the lenticular process of the incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... anatomy and physiology of the auditory nervous system of clinical importance Most studies of the function of the auditory system have aimed at the coding of different kinds of sounds in the auditory ... in the ventral parts of the MGB of the thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division of the MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions of the MGB receive their ... of the fourth ventricle (Fig 5.15B) [72] The other part of the olivocochlear system projects mainly to the contralateral cochlea and the fibers of that system travel deeper in the brainstem The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... The caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency of the N1 of the AP and that of the response from the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency of the first peak in the dipole and the length is the relative strength of the dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II of the ABR) and the third...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... and standard error of the mean are shown as a function of the intensity of the noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end of the exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... basis of the elevation of the hearing threshold in disorders of the middle ear and the cochlea but the effect on the function of the nervous system may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech ... decreases the input to the cochlea and thereby decreases the contraction of the stapedius muscle, and that in turn causes the input to the cochlea to again increase, and that increases the contraction...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening of the tuning of the basilar membrane broadens the “slices” of the spectrum of broad band sounds from which the ... noninvasively The outcome of the test depends on fine details of the anatomy of the stapes and its suspension in the oval window, the incudo-stapedial joint and the orientation of its plane surface ... this view of flexibility of the function of the auditory system That injury and loss of cochlear hair cells can cause profound changes in the structure and function of the central auditory system...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... tinnitus and abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacusis and phonophobia) are some of the most diverse and complex disorders of the auditory system and their causes are often obscure Often ... corresponding to the F1 frequency and the other corresponding to the frequency of F2 The rate of the impulses is that of F0 for voiced sounds, and a quasi-random rate (average of 100 pps) for ... determined on the basis of the output of 16 band-pass filters The output of the six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... The spin axes of the Sun and the planets 7.4.1 Spin axes and the Solar Nebula Theory 7.4.2 Spin axes and the Modern Laplacian Theory 7.4.3 Spin axes and the Accretion Theory 7.4.4 Spin axes and ... Newton the basic structure of the solar system and the laws that govern the motions of the bodies within it have been well understood One central body, the Sun, containing most of the mass of the system ... picture of the origin and evolution of the solar system is the Capture Theory developed by the author and colleagues since the early 1960s This explains the basic structure of the solar system...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:35

... 90–15) and 255 (M+ – 131) The loss of mass 131 results from the scission of the C1–C2 and C4–C5 bonds Figure 4C illustrates mass spectra of isolated 7-DHP-MO-TMS, and the synthesized standard The ... (Invitrogen), and the isolation of RNA followed the manufacture’s protocol The synthesis of first-strand cDNA was performed using the Superscript preamplification system (Invitrogen) Either lg of total ... investigation on the cutaneous expression of each of the components of the P450scc enzymatic system In addition, we tested reconstituted and mitochondrial P450scc systems for their ability to...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20