anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system ppt

... understanding of the anatomy and function of the ear and the auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... original work on the different subjects Understanding of the anatomy and the function of the auditory system together with knowledge about the pathophysiology of the auditory system are essen-tial ... comprehensive coverage of disorders of the auditory system emphasizing the interaction between patholo-gies of the middle ear and the cochlea and the function of the nervous system and vice versa Hyperactive

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... ismeasured in the place of the head The effect of thehead on the sound at the entrance of the ear canal isrelated to the size of the head and, the wavelength2 of sound This means that the “amplification” ... effect of the head on the sound pressure at the entrance of the ear canal depends on the frequency of the sound and on the angle of incidence of the sound (direction to the sound source) 6 The difference ... remarkable in the light of the FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements of the umbo, the head of the stapes and the lenticular process of the incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... in the ventral parts of the MGB of the thalamus, the non-classical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medialdivision of the MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] Thesedivisions of the MGB receive their ... floor of the fourth ventricle(Fig 5.15B) [72] The other part of the olivocochlearsystem projects mainly to the contralateral cochlea and the fibers of that system travel deeper in the brainstem The ... routes and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (AL), showing the “high route” and the “low route” Connections between the basolateral (ABL) and the central nuclei (ACE) of the amygdala and other

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... [59] The difference between the latency of the N1 of the AP and that of the response from the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the ... The caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... 3)and that contributes to the dependence of the latency on the stimulus intensity [179] The conduction ity of nerve fibers and the synaptic delays are inde-pendent of the level of excitation and

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... latency of the response to 1.5 kHz tones is shorter than the response to 0.5 kHz tones [182] The latency of the ipsilateral and the contralateral responses are similar The latency of the change in the ... components of broad band sounds will elicit contractions of the stapedius muscle when the intensities of these components are above the threshold of the reflex and that will cause attenuation of low ... decreases the input to the cochlea and thereby decreases the contraction of the stapedius muscle, and that in turn causes the input to the cochlea to again increase, and that increases the contraction

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... role of outer hair cells, that is to increase the sensitivity andfrequency selectivity of the ear (cf Chapter 3) Thewidening of the tuning of the basilar membranebroadens the “slices” of the spectrum ... extensively,little is known about the subsequent effect on the func-tion of the central nervous system Impairment of the 228 Section III Disorders of the Auditory System and Their Pathophysiology BOX 9.9 C ... amount of acquired hearing loss depends not only on the intensity of the noise and the duration of exposure but also on the character of the noise (fre-quency spectrum and time pattern) The hearing

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... tinnitusand abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacu-sis and phonophobia) are some of the most diverseand complex disorders of the auditory system andtheir causes are often obscure Often ... function of the neurons in the spinal cord and the primary somatosensory cortex respectively These studies of the neural plasticity of the somatosensory system have been replicated and extended ... tinnitus and a real (synthesized) sound Because the results of the matching of the intensity of tinnitus to other sounds does not seem to correspond to the perceived intensity of tinnitus, other

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... assess the sub-ject's (a) awareness of the mental illness, (b) awareness of the effects of medication, and (c) awareness of the conse-quences of the mental illness were assigned A score of one ... list of author information is available at the end of the article Trang 2distortions of their experiences but also on their relativeinability to distance themselves from these distortions and their ... each of the two subscales The reliabilities (coefficient alpha) of the two subscales of the translated BCIS for the 180 subjects were 0.7 for the reflective attitude subscale and 0.72 for the

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... Commission,
UK
Financial
Services
Authority,
and,
in
the
United
States,
the
Office
of
the
Comptroller
of
the
 Currency,
the
Securities
and
Exchange
Commission,
and
the
Federal
Reserve.
For
their
joint
review,
see
SSG
2008.

 ... between
 the
 current
 regulations
 and
 Glass‐Steagall.
 The
 1933
legislation
had
a
very
clear
idea
of
the
causes
of
the
system’s
collapse
and
the
desired
structure
of
the
reformed
 financial
 system
 ... mandates
 the
 formulation
 of
 so‐called
 “living
 wills”
 in
 the
 form
 of
 the
 preparation
 of
resolution
plans
and
credit
exposure
reports.

The
Act
calls
upon
the
Board
of
Governors
of
the
Fed
to
require
nonbank
financial
companies
and
bank
holding


Ngày tải lên: 23/09/2015, 08:52

... Near the end of the compression stroke, the spark ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture, raising the temperature of the gases in the cylinder to the range of few thousands of degrees, and increasing ... intake system, to reduce the impact of the air restrictor on the entire engine system Location of Engine The dominant design of the Formula SAE race car has the engine located in the rear of the ... Intake System The intake system is made up of a few components placed in series, and lie between the atmospheric air and the intake valves of the engine The primary function of the air intake system

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 10:25

... is the idea behind the naming of the retinal axons In the PNS, they are called the optic nerve, and in the CNS, they are the optic tract.[link] helps to clarify which of these terms apply to the ... The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The nervous system can be divided into two major regions: the central and peripheral nervous systems The central nervous system (CNS) is the brain and ... cell is one of a variety of cells that provide a framework of tissue that supports the neurons and their activities The neuron is the more functionally important of the two, in terms of the communicative

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2017, 23:13

... impaired neutrophil rolling and adhesion to activated endothelium The cause is a defect in the synthesis of sialylated Lewis X, the carbohydrate ligand on neutrophils and other leukocytes that is ... important for recognition of common antigens at epithelial boundaries between the host and the external environment The gd T cells differ from the ab T cells in which one of the following ways? 8 ... and antigen-presenting cells, as well as leukocytes and endothelial cells As such, it plays an important role in the activation of T lymphocytes and in their migration to sites of infection and

Ngày tải lên: 01/03/2019, 09:51

... understand the basics – how reptiles breathe, the structure of the psittacine sinuses andthe complex gastro-intestinal physiology of the rabbit – before we can properly treat theseunique pets The ... found on islands off the coast of New Zealand while the other species is found only on North Brother Island in the Cook Strait They are nocturnal, mainly insectivorous and, unlike other reptiles, ... on the sub-strate The female picks up these packets through the cloacal opening and they are stored in the cloaca until egg laying The exceptions are the Asiatic land salamanders (Hynobiidae) and

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2019, 15:58

... and recruit other leukocytes and activate them to kill microbes TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The tissues of the immune system consist of the generative lymphoid organs, in which T and B lymphocytes ... sheaths of the spleen When the lymphocytes are activated by antigens, they alter their expression of chemokine receptors The B cells and T cells then migrate toward each other and meet at the edge of ... referring to the ability of the immune system to coexist with (tolerate) potentially genic self molecules, cells, and tissues anti-CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The cells of the adaptive immune system

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 14:12

... Toward the back of the body The spinal cord extends down the posterior side of the body. Lateral Toward the side of the body The arms are on the lateral sides of the body Medial Toward the median ... what causes the heart muscles to contract—the sequence of blood flow through the heart and what causes blood pressure The anatomy (structure) and the physiology (function) of any part of the body ... plane of the body The heart is medial to the lungs Superficial (external) Toward the surface of the body The skin is superficial to the muscles. Deep (internal) Away from the surface of the body The

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 19:01

... properties of the proteins involved in the early steps of the alternative pathway of complement activation C, Table summarizes the important properties of the proteins involved in the early steps of the ... from the Fc receptors promote the cytosis of the opsonized microbes and activate the phagocytes to destroy these microbes B, Table lists the different types of human phago-Fc receptors and their ... 11Functions of the Complement SystemThe complement system plays an tant role in the elimination of microbes during innate and adaptive immune responses The main effector functions of impor-the complement

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 03:31

... Typically, the scanbegins at the level of the carina and extends through the base of the heart Therefore, the entire mid thorax is irradiated.Depending on the field of view of the reconstruction, thevolume ... lymphatics and elastic and collagen fibers) The root of the aorta is surrounded by the four heartchambers in the valve plane The sinus of Valsalva just above the valve level contains the origins for the ... determine the scan delay.6 The test bolus technique is the most robust method of deter-mining the tCMTand subsequently the scan delay; however, it has the drawback of increasing the amount of contrast

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 08:47

... of the brain and the pituitary gland, correlating the activity of the two systems Furthermore, certain hormones may stimulate or inhibit the activities of the nervous system Other organs of the ... view of the brain with the eyes and part of the meninges still intact 1 Eyeball 2 Muscles of the eye 3 Temporal lobe of cerebrum Figure 9.11 A diagram of the inferior of the brain showing the ... endocrine system include the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands, located in the neck The adrenal glands and pancreas are located in the abdominal region The ovaries of the female are located in the

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 18:14

... impaired neutrophil rolling and adhesion to activated endothelium The cause is a defect in the synthesis of sialylated Lewis X, the carbohydrate ligand on neutrophils and other leukocytes that is ... migrate to the mucosa and recognize these peptide-MHC complexes Which of the following components of the TCR actually bind to the viral peptide-MHC complex? 5 Hypermutated regions: 1 in the a chain, ... and P-selectin on cytokine-activated endothelium In a 17 CD44 expressed on the surface of T cells is critical for the binding of activated T cells to endothelium at sites of inflammation, and

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2020, 17:37

... excessively small The Constitution established the judiciary as one of the branches of the tripartite separation of powers, or the system of checks and balances, along with the Diet and the Cabinet ... existence of a larger stock of legal professionals sharing the concept of the rule of law, and their wide range of activities in various fields of a society based on a spirit of mutual reliance and ... ultimate guardian of the rights and freedoms of the people and to maintain the legal order with the Constitution at the top There are a considerable number of evaluations suggesting that the judiciary

Ngày tải lên: 08/06/2021, 22:18