alzheimer s factors in ischemic brain inju

... superfrost plus slides (Menzel Gläser, Braunschweig, Germany) and stored at -20°C until use Nissl stain and brain injury score Coronal brain sections corresponding to plate 18 and 31 according to ... expression in P7 rat brain tissue following pre-treatment with different dosages of ceftriaxone and saline; B, statistic analysis showed no difference in GLT1 protein expression among these groups ... brain sections from P14 rat after left carotid artery ligation and subsequent exposure to 8% oxygen for hrs on P7 Panels A to D show representative brain injury score increasing from to Brain injury...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:20

... mean NSS scores of to 0.67 points (range:0–2 points) In contrast, head-injured mice in both treatment groups had a significantly increased NSS at all time-points assessed for up to days after ... measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for assessing differences in neurological scores (NSS) A Pvalue < 0.05 was considered statistically significant Results mAb 1379 inhibits complement ... expression levels were calculated in relation to the corresponding GAPDH gene expression levels Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed using commercially available software (SPSS...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... previous work showing that IL-1α is a key inflammatory cytokine following tissue injury This study also extends our previous in vitro studies showing that the sub-cellular distribution of IL-1α is ... Interleukin-1α expression precedes IL-1β after ischemic brain injury and is localised to areas of focal neuronal loss and penumbral tissues Nadia M Luheshi1, Krisztina J Kovács2, Gloria ... IL-1α in brain injury is not provided here In cerebral ischemia the primary injury to brain cells is caused by the lack of blood supply and so can be considered sterile Sterile inflammation is known...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... resonance spectroscopy This sequence is a noninvasive technique for assessing brain metabolism in vivo Proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is most commonly used Four main markers are studied: ... assessing fibre tract degeneration, thus predicting chances of recovery Figure Ascending reticular activating system and prognosis of brain injuries Several brain areas involved in the prognosis ... phase (>21 days) Characteristics Brain swelling Brain swelling Absence of brain swelling Diffuse atrophy and dilatation of the ventricles DWI Hypersignals in the cortex, in the thalamus and in...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... options in the treatment of these injuries [6-8] Competing interests SMM is an investigator in the Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Trials Network JDK is a Principal Investigator in the Resuscitation ... funded clinical networks of investigators working in unison to bring these agents through the various stages necessary from preclinical promise to clinical reality are vital to those of us seeking ... al suggests that mechanisms other than prevention of cerebral edema had more of an effect on improving the clinical outcomes seen in these studies Regardless of mechanism, the results of this...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... pressure profile during the second week after injury in the intensive control group, the preponderance of data points against the use of intensive glycemic control This finding stands in sharp ... contrast to the results of Van Den Berghe and colleagues [8], in which the incidence of intracranial hypertension and of mean intracranial pressure was less in the group undergoing intensive glycemic ... colleagues report a trend towards worsened survival at 21 days after brain injury in the intensive glycemic control group This unexpected worsening of mortality is cause for great concern among those...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... [7] This work presents a major advance towards standardisation, but has not yet addressed approaches to analysis of parameters such as intracranial pressure that are continuously monitored in the ... best approaches to analysis These developments may well constitute one of the most important steps forward in the field of clinical trials in TBI, paving the road for harvesting successful results ... Maas Standardization of data collection and coding is essential to facilitate sharing of results and to analyze data across studies Initial steps undertaken by the IMPACT study group towards development...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 19:20

... response or responses that result in secondary injury Genomic studies using high-throughput screening and bioinformatics are ongoing in many laboratories and these contemporary technologies will ... outcome in various models of CNS injury Various gene families (genes with a similar sequence of DNA nucleotides) have been shown to be sensitive to post-injury temperature manipulations in models of ... major CNS injuries has an in uence on the effect of subsequent hypothermia Another major aspect of the in ammatory response to CNS injury is the release of reactive oxygen species by astrocytes and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:21

... trials results in loss of information Previous simulation studies suggested that ordinal outcome analysis could substantially improve statistical power of a clinical TBI trial • The present study ... other indications For example, in stroke the modified Rankin scale, which is also an ordinal scale, consisting of six categories, is commonly collapsed into a binary scale This dichotomous outcome ... adjustment in all analyses in the present study Why is the use of ordinal outcome analysis beneficial? The common practice of collapsing an ordinal outcome measure to a binary scale results in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:21

... was traced to certain missense mutations in SPT, resulting in increased activity Subsequent increases in ceramide biosynthesis were proposed to trigger apoptosis in peripheral sensory neurons ... kinase Sph sphingosine SMase sphingomyelinase SPT serine palmitoyltransferase S1 P sphingosine 1-phosphate TBS Tris buffered saline TCR T cell receptor TEM transmission electron microscope TEMED N,N,N,N ... Cholesterol transport and the proteins involved in such transport have been extensively studied in vitro and in systems outside the brain In contrast, studies on cholesterol transport in the brain are...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 10:42

... been induced in astrocytes as a result of induction by betaine or hyperosmotic stress after excitotoxic injury Finally, the present study investigated the possible changes in betaine transporter ... decrease in GAT-1 and GAT-3 immunostaining, but no change in GAT-2 staining, was observed in the degenerating CA subfields In contrast, increased BGT-1 immunoreactivity was observed in astrocytes ... trihydroxymethylaminomethane 12 SUMMARY Osmoregulation is critical for maintaining brain function In response to hyperosmotic stress, brain cells, including neurons and glial cells can accumulate organic osmolyte:...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:55

... The following demographic information was taken: age at injury (in years), age at first assessment (in years), time since injury (in months), days of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and years of education ... session The remainder of the time was dedicated to a psycho-education programme addressing common consequences of brain injury and introducing compensatory strategies 2.3 Statistical analysis ... various tasks of increasing difficulty (Sohlberg & Mateer, 1987) with additional tasks incorporated to promote generalisation These researchers have since assessed the effectiveness of combining APT...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2016, 07:31

... Foundation, SADF (Insamlingsstiftelsen for ¨ Alzheimer- och Demensforskning), Socialstyrelsens Stiftelser, Stiftelsen for Alderssjukdomar, and Svenska ¨ ˚ Lakaresallskapet ¨ ¨ FEBS Journal 272 ... either polyglutamine or polyalanine expansions in Huntington disease, Huntington related diseases, and various forms of a-synuclein associated with Parkinson disease and synucleinopathies [27] Taken ... eEF2 in its N-terminus (Thr56) that subsequently blocks eEF2 binding to ribosomes, resulting in decreased rates of protein synthesis Dephosphorylation of eEF2 relieves its translational restriction...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... baseline assessment two months post-injury 67 Table 10: Means, SDs, t-test results and effect sizes for personality measures based on baseline assessment scores two months post-injury ... results for personality/psychological measures at baseline assessment two months post-injury 50 Table 6: Means, SDs and F-test results for neurocognitive tests at baseline assessment ... from injury and assessments 47 Table 4: Means, SDs and F-test results for neurocognitive tests at baseline assessment two months post-injury 48 Table 5: Means, SDs and F-test...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:38

... angles of the dural opening The most significant step involves constructing small supporting pillars on the bilateral sides of the vessels as they pass the edge of the dural window (the pillars ... they made a series of dural incisions, each cm long and with 1-cm intervals The process was repeated in parallel rows of incisions so that each incision in one row was adjacent to an intact dural ... to compression of vessels and result in ischemic necrosis of the portion of the herniated brain Coskay et al introduced an interesting method called the “vascular tunnel” to avoid this complication.33...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:40

... aggregation in sporadic AD brain There is now a renewed interest in studying APP processing in sporadic AD brain, and in understanding the mechanisms of Ab truncation and modification Most transgenic ... pathogenesis Therapeutic studies in AD models Access to good animal models is crucial to success in developing disease-modifying therapeutics However, AD neuropathology is incomplete in the Ab-expressing ... by crossing PDGF–a-synuclein and APP-SweInd, which led to a 1.6-fold increase in a-synuclein inclusions in comparison with transgenic mice that expressed only wild-type human a-synuclein Similar...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... neurological, psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments were reviewed in a consensus conference comprised of neurologists, psychiatrists, and neuropsychologists Based on this review all participants ... cognitive skills remained stable Increased age was associated with lower scores in all cognitive domains while increased education was associated with higher scores APOE-␧4 was not associated with ... allele Please note The intervals on the X axis represent the average time of follow-up assessments after baseline These are smoothed regression lines that depict the differences in the slope of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... cognitive functioning Cognitive screening includes using validated screening instruments, such as the MMSE, and brief bedside assessments Cognitive screenings are usually sensitive to significant cognitive ... PET Scans: Performing Visual Assessments, Providing Quantifying Data, and Generating Integrated Reports Daniel H .S Silverman Visual assessment of brain FDG PET data represents a fundamental skill, ... indications for which radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists (and others examining disorders of the brain) order and read brain PET scans, demand is greatest...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... excitatory processes occurring in brain cells during ischemia–reperfusion Ischemic insult to the brain leads to decrease in Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supplies.[13] This culminates into an influx of ... to decreased insulin sensitivity and increased insulin resistance Decreases in cardiac output may be seen, also an increase in lactate levels and levels of serum transaminases, amylase A common ... these harmful excitatory processes occurring in brain cells during ischemia–reperfusion Ischemic insult to the brain leads to decrease in Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supplies.[23] This culminates...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20

... receptors in experimental models of cerebral ischemia In the past 10 years, numerous studies have addressed the role of the endocannabinoid system in stroke and in the mechanisms of post -ischemic ... receptors, but also the biosynthesis, metabolism and transport of endocannabinoids As discussed, conflicting results have accumulated with the use of drugs targeting CB1 receptors in models of cerebral ... receptors in cerebral blood vessels results in decreased vascular resistance and increased blood flow [79–81] CB receptor-mediated cerebral vasodilation may have beneficial effects in ischemic brain...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20