advances in mri and mrs

... mixing is induced by the spin-orbit interaction and the hyperfine interaction with nuclei, leading to an incoherent mixed state This incoherent mixed state is sufficient to carry out the spin ... method for spin rotation of a single electron As mentioned in the Introduction, the spin rotation of a single electron is a crutial ingredient in the quantum information processing It is desirable ... monotonically increasing with increasing off-resonance The fidelity of the spin rotation is exhibited in Fig 3 The fidelity is improved with increasing off-resonance in general for the 2π and 4π pulses

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... and Img: imaging lens (c) Interference pattern of the trapping and forward scattered fields in the far-field plane Figures (i)-(iii) and (iv)-(vi) assume that the trapping field is x-and y-linearly ... of the trapping beam incident on the particle In the focal region of the trapping field, the gradient force dominates over the scattering force, resulting in particle trapping To obtain a physical ... which is outside of engineering control In this Chapter we consider a general imaging system, and show how the optical mode carrying full signal information may be determined We introduce spatial

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... color multiplexing, speckle reduction, and suppression of higher orders within the viewing window Tracking of viewing windows: An active and real-time tracking of the viewing window allows a ... viewing window that is located within one periodicity interval can be defined where the wave field within this viewing window is unique Trang 14As explained, in the third step the wave field in ... hologram illumination and for imaging the light sources into the viewing window Each cylindrical lens is illuminated by a horizontal line light source Furthermore, secondary line light sources and arrayed

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... dipped in saline (4°C), cut into segments smaller than 1 × 1 cm, and examined Each segment was mounted in a cuvette and moistened with a normal saline bath maintained at 37°C during the imaging ... hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) for routine examination The distribution of the collagen structure in the plaque lesion was also examined using Masson trichrome and picrosirius red staining procedures ... domain optical coherence tomography achieves full range complex imaging in vivo by introducing a carrier frequency during scanning Physics in Medicine and Biology, 52, 5897-5907 Wang, Z G., Durand,

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... continuous... Further increase in annealing temperature initiates more intermixing, and therefore improves the uniformity in shape, size and composition of Qdash leading to reduction in ... changing broadband lasing is obtained from the quasicontinuous interband transition by the inhomogeneous Qdash ensembles To further enhance the broad spectrum emission and fine tune the lasing ... optical devices such as superluminescent diodes... Qdots within InP matrix (above) and InAs Qdashes within InAlGaAs matrix (below) The confined energy subbands are indicated with the arrow, after

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... distribution of noninteracting Qdashes at an intermediate intermixing, are achieved after the intermixing The inset of Fig 13, showing the changes of FWHM of the broadband laser with injection depicts ... for clarity) The lines are as the guide to the eyes indicating the confined state lasing lines, E0 and E1 (dashed lines) and the wavelength coverage of laser emission (dotted lines) The spectra ... quasi-supercontinuum interband laser diodes via the process of IFVD to promote group-III intermixing in InAs/InAlGaAs quantum-dash structure Our results show that monolithically integration of different gain

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... method employing convex and concave MCs for focusing and guiding the PQR light through lens media and free space The convex and concave lenses of the MC are designed and fabricated as shown in Figs ... size, where 4, 8, and 12 –petal flower designs, combining concave and convex whispering cave modes, result in the increased overall quantum wire length of the emitting PQR within the same device ... guiding Laser printers with mechanically rotating polygon mirrors have been used widely in offices, whereas new LED printers, quiet and all-electronic drive circuitry with no moving parts, begin

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... right in Fig 17 below A continuous tuning of over 2 nm while maintaining a SMSR of over 30 dB is measured The change in wavelength with temperature is in line with the change in the index of InP ... heating of the reflector sections and current leakage into the mirror section The resulting temperature and current changes cause a slight offset in the front reflector refractive index and a ... step being required In addition no cleaving is required and this provides its compatibility with integration This combination should provide an opportunity to obtain high yields with complex integrated

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... changing the bias current During the optical injection-locking process the internal parameters of the cavity are changed by varying the photon concentration inside the cavity Since the locking ... changing the bias current During the optical injection-locking process the internal parameters of the cavity are changed by varying the photon concentration inside the cavity Since the locking ... consumer demand for multimedia and interactive applications and therefore bandwidth has increased to an unprecedented level Current electrical-electrical infrastructures can not support this demand The

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... and is therefore distinctly multimode Since optical injection-locking favours single-mode operation by eliminating longitudinal modes and since the modes generated in VCSELs are not longitudinal, ... S21 curves An increase in injected optical power, while remaining keeping the VCSELs in negative detuning configuration, results in the increase of effective bandwidth Effective bandwidths as ... commonly found in VCSELs remain largely unaffected by optical injection-locking VCSEL-by- VCSEL optical injection-locking was presented using fibred single-mode VCSELs and fundamental and sidemode

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... capacitance C, resulting from charging and discharging of electrons of DBQW and depletion regions, in parallel with a voltage depend current source I = F(V), a series resistance R arising mainly from the ... of electrical and optical components in a single chip is a major challenge in order to obtain high reliability, small size and low cost (Sauer et al., 2007) This chapter reports investigation ... carriers induce space charges in a intrinsic layer of PD Carrier-dependent carrier velocities associated with a perturbed electric filed due to space-charge and loading effect are main source

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... relating to explanations for under-participation, including awareness and knowledge, marginality and opportunity, ethnicity and preference, and perceived discrimination and comfort Floyd and Shinew ... ADVANCES IN HOSPITALITY AND LEISURE i ADVANCES IN HOSPITALITY AND LEISURE Series Editor: Joseph S Chen Volume 1: Advances in Hospitality and Leisure, edited by Joseph Chen ii ADVANCES IN HOSPITALITY ... compulsory training, on the third phase, where the level of involvement and networking was more at the discretion of the brand members Findings reveal that the training courses helped instill a sense...

Ngày tải lên: 04/04/2013, 11:21

... 1973) Laminarin, a linear glucan containing mainly &D-(1-3) linked glucose, with some p-~-(1+6) branching points, is found in Laminaria, a brown seaweed Mannans, in which mannose units are linked ... by staining the pollen with iodine reagent (Wx pollen, containing normal starch, stains black; wx pollen, lacking amylose, stains red) and, by counting the frequency of the wild-type recombinants, ... chromatography (using pulsed amperometric detection) of the linear chains obtained by debranching of amylopectin using isoamylase The numbers indicate the degree of polymerization of the linear chains and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... dynamics in dynamin-dependent endocytosis For example, interaction between dynamin and cortactin, SH3-domain containing actin binding protein that binds also F-actin and actin-regulating Arp2/3 ... paresthesia (including tingling) but not interfering with function Grade Sensory alteration or paresthesia (including tingling), interfering with function but not interfering with ADL Sensory Disabling ... stress in the pathophysiology of docetaxel-induced PN 2.3 Platinum-containing drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin) Platinum compounds covalently bind and damage DNA and include cisplatin,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... the understanding that programs usually include code for handling certain anticipated errors, and it introduces the concept of rescue points (RPs), which are locations of error handling code that ... developers of tools (Pintools) to install callbacks to inspect a program’s instructions and routines, as well as intercept system calls and signals In Pin’s terms, it allows the instrumentation of ... the address being written and the value being overwritten Because we are using Pin’s instrumentation versioning, only the instructions being reached from within a RP are actually instrumented...

Ngày tải lên: 31/05/2014, 00:10

... processing algorithms in the speech and audio field This introductory chapter provides an introduction to speech and audio signal analysis and synthesis, audio and speech coding, noise and echo ... graduate students and scientists working in this exciting field, especially those involved in the fields of audio restoration and synthesis, watermarking, interference cancellation, and audio enhancement, ... data, unless efficient wideband coding schemes are used Wideband speech and audio coding intend to minimize the storage and transmission costs while providing an audio and speech signal with no...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 01:20

... T and τ isc , once σ 01 and σ 12 are already known from the single pulse Zscan analysis The solid line in Figure 13(b) represents the best fitting obtained The intersystem-crossing time obtained ... 2.4 ), indicating that the excited singlet state gives a higher contribution to the RSA process for ICG In table are the spectroscopic parameters obtained by fitting single and pulse train Z-scan ... also brings a certain amount of water It is a well-known fact that the presence of O-H groups in a matrix containing rare earth ions unfortunately causes problems by hindering emission in the infrared...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... the moving phase grating and the moving gain grating The different contributions from both the refractive index grating and the gain grating to the TWM gain are analyzed Depending on the moving ... a moving interference pattern, and a moving modulation of the carrier density in the active medium is caused, thus both a moving gain and a moving phase gratings are created The nonlinear interaction ... gain grating and a static refractive index grating are induced in the semiconductor amplifier) in an 810 nm, mm long and 200 μm wide GaAlAs broadarea amplifier is investigated experimentally In...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... obtained with a valence band matrix taking into account HH, LH and SO interactions and strain effect [50] 274 274 Advances in Lasers and Electro Optics Advances in Lasers and Electro Optics intersubband ... heterostructures such as GaInAs/AlInAs, GaAs/AlGaAs, and InAs/AlSb, 272 272 Advances in Lasers and Electro Optics Advances in Lasers and Electro Optics using electron subbands in conduction band With the promise ... carriers originally in subband end up in subband is the most efficient one in terms of inducing intersubband transitions (Fig 6(b)) It has been reported in experiment that the intersubband transition...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... the other hand, may only use InGaAs/InP APDs when detecting NIR single photons Almost all superconducting-based detectors work in the NIR and can be described by two main types, including the Transition ... quasiphase matching is larger than that in birefringent phase matching Quasi-phase-matching can remove constraints on finding wavelengths and beam orientation angles to satisfy phase matching, and allow ... information on single photons An initial random key is established by randomly encoding quantum state information on these photons, transmitting the photons and recovering the encoded state information...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20