advanced programming in c pdf

... of inheritance to create specialized classes without needing to change any existing classes When implementing a class you must define the capacities of those objects, that is, the member functions, ... global functions Chapter 13, Defining Classes, describes the steps for defining member functions 䊐 Definition Functions can be defined in any order, however, the first function is normally main This ... 169Exercise 2 // -// palindrome.cpp: Reads and compares lines of text // -#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; string header = " * * * Testing palindromes

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... -// circle.cpp // Defines and calls the function circle() // -#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> using namespace std; // Prototype of circle(): void circle( ... value occurs, i.e., the function manipulates a local copy Thus, only a local copy of the string is changed in the function, but the string in the calling function remains unchanged Exercise 2 ... used to indicate an error For pointers, the symbolic constant NULL is defined as 0 in standard header files A pointer containing the value NULL is also called NULL pointer Trang 5䊐 Using Pointers

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... public: // Public data members and methods here }; // account.h // Defining the class Account // -#ifndef _ACCOUNT_ // Avoid multiple inclusions #define _ACCOUNT_ #include <iostream> #include ... #include <string> using namespace std; class Account { string name; // Account holder unsigned long nr; // Account number double balance; // Account balance bool init( const string&, unsigned ... so-called public interface of the class. The opposite page shows a schematic definition of a class The privatesection gen-erally contains data members and the publicsection contains the access

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... several source files In this case, you will need to place the class definition in a header file If you place the definition of the class Accountin the fileAccount.h, any source file including the ... 3Defining a class also defines a new type for which variables, that is, objects, can bedefined An object is also referred to as an instance of a class. 䊐 Defining Objects An object is defined in ... suitable pointer Example: Account savings("Mac, Rita",654321, 123.5); Account *ptrAccount = &savings; This defines the object savings and a pointer variable called ptrAccount The pointerptrAccountis

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... the methods in this “friendly” class automatically become friendfunctions in the class containing the frienddeclaration This technique is useful if a class is used in such close conjunction with ... declaration, which eliminates data encapsulation in certain cases. Imagine you need to write a global function that accesses the elements of a numerical array class If you need to call the access ... FRIEND CLASSES Class Result Class ControlPoint Trang 7䊐 Declaring Friend ClassesIn addition to declaring individual friendfunctions, you can also make entire classes “friends” of another class

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... The C class inherits the Bclass, which is defined in the public section following the colon The privateandpublicsections contain additional members of the Cclass 䊐 Access to Public Members in ... available in the derived class and will retain its original meaning We will be looking at this point in more detail later 䊐 Public Interface Since the Carclass is a publicbase class of the PassCarclass, ... Direct and Indirect Base Classes The derived class Ccan itself be a base class for a further class, D This allows for class hierarchies Class Bthen becomes an indirect base class for class D In

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... the new sockets The server gets a socket for an incoming client connection by calling accept () int accept(int socket, struct sockaddr *clientAddress, unsigned int *addressLength) accept() dequeues ... new socket using send() and r ecv ( ) 9 Close the client connection using c l o s e ( ) Creating the socket, sending, receiving, and closing are the same as in the client The differences in the ... s t r u c t sockaddr_in) When connect () returns successfully, the socket is connected and c o m m u n i c a t i o n can proceed with calls to send() and recv() int send(int socket, c o n s t

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2012, 14:45

... = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol); Trang 24Accepting Connections#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> int connfd; struct sockaddr_in cliaddr; ... give structure to the address struct in_addr { in_addr_t s_addr; }; struct sockaddr_in { uint8_t sin_len; sa_family_t sin_family; in_port_t sin_port; struct in_addr sin_addr; char sin_pad[16];}; ... structure to the address struct in6_addr { uint8_t s6_addr[16];}; struct sockaddr_in6 { uint8_t sin6_len; sa_family_t sin6_family; in_port_t sin6_port; uint32_t sin6_flowinfo; struct in6_addr

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:57

... 1Socket Programming in C/C++cSeptember 24, 2004 Trang 3Sockets are a protocol independent method of creating a connection between processes Sockets can be either I connection based or connectionless: ... connection is completed, thesocket is closed, and next connection can beaccepted Forking server: After an accept, a child process is forked off to handle the connection Variation: the child processesare ... build a concurrent server: I a fork is performed after the accept I The child process closes listenFd, and communicates usingconnectFd I The parent process closses connectFd, and then loops back tothe

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 17:20

... make the contact that detects the input point A capacitive touch screen works in a different way An array of conductors underneath the screen surface detects the change in capacitance caused by ... were creating an application to look after bank accounts we could create a class to hold account information: public class Account { private decimal balance ; private string name ; public string ... you install the framework you get a command line compiler which can take C# source files and convert them into executable ones using console commands such as: csc MyProg.cs This command will compile

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:20

... error checking for these calls: bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); listen(sockfd, BACKLOG); Trang 19sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);new_fd = accept(sockfd, ... will be connecting to int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sockfd; struct sockaddr_in their_addr; // connector’s address information struct hostent *he; Trang 29their_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; ... to use AF_INET in your struct sockaddr_in and PF_INET in your call to socket() But practically speaking, you can useAF_INET everywhere And, since that’s what W Richard Stevens does in his book,

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 13:41

... were creating an application to look after bank accounts we could create a class to hold account information: public class Account{ private decimal balance ; private string name ; public string ... (which is independent of any particular computer hardware) into machine code instructions that the computer processor can actually execute This compilation process is called Just In Time compilation ... 119 Connecting to a Database 119 Using LINQ to connect Databases to Objects 120 6.2 Creating Data Relationships with LINQ 129 LINQ Associations 130 LINQ Queries and Joining 135 Joining two

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:21

... (if (= col maxp) tch (append (append tch (calcLine ch (+ col 1) line maxp)) tch)) ) ) (defun calcLines (line maxp) (let* ((ch (+ line (char-int #\A))) (l (append (calcLine ch 0 line maxp) ... in the much newer language Haskell: calcLine :: Int - > Int - > Int - > Int - > String calcLine ch col line maxp = let tch = if maxp - line == col then [chr ch] else “.” in if col ... an instance fi eld exists once per instance Class methods can access information in class fi elds only, whereas instance methods can access information in the instance fi elds of their own instance

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:01

... is blocked by an object Contour drawings (also called line drawings): are comprised of lines which follow the contours of the various components of a drawing subject and define the outlines ... its forms Contour lines: are created when the shared edges of spaces and/or objects meet Contour lines can define complete objects or small sections or details within drawing subjects Contrast: ... schooling, academic and recreational fine art educators Published by Hoddinott Fine Art Publishers, Halifax, NS, Canada, 2004 Trang 2 2 -INTRODUCTION Wobby is “painted with colored pencils” using

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 23:20

... erasing, searching, and replacing are available 䊐 Initializing Strings A string, that is, an object belonging to the string class, can be initialized when you define it using ■ a predefined string ... methods of string manipulation.These include inserting and erasing, searching and replacing, comparing, and concatenating strings. Trang 6154 C H A P T E R 9 T H E S T A N D A R D C L A S S S T ... (int)v_float: -1 Exercise 4 // -// sinCurve.cpp // Outputs a sine curve // -#include <iostream> #include <cmath> // Prototypes of sin() using namespace std; #define CLS (cout

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... string4.cpp // The program counts words and white space characters. // (A word is the maximum sequence of characters // containing no white space characters.) // -#include <iostream> #include ... checks You can also use the at()method to access a single character In contrast to the subscript operator, the at()method performs range checking If an invalid index is found an exception occurs ... on a string containing // the present time #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <ctime> // For time(), ctime(), using namespace std; int main() { long sec; time(

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... nd Call func(); void func() func(); { } // 1st Call // 2nd Call func(); inline void func() func(); { } Copy The executable file only contains one instance of the function’s machine code ✓ HINT ... The machine code of the function is stored in the executable file wherever the function is called ✓ HINT ■ INLINE FUNCTIONS Call to a function not defined as inline Call to an inline function ... inline functions should contain no more than one or two instructions If an inline function contains too many instructions, the compiler may ignore the inlinekeyword and issue a warning Aninlinefunction

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... when the object is accessed. c) A static constructor can have public as a accessibility modifiers 74. class A { public static int X = B.Y + 1; } class B { public static int Y = A.X ... explicitly or implicitly. b) Static constructors can have accessibility modifiers. e) Static constructors are called when the class is loaded. c) Static constructors cannot be called ... error. c) Incompatible type for ’=’ can’t convert SubClass to SuperClass. b) No constructor matching SuperClass() found in class SuperClass d) Wrong number of arguments in constructor....

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2012, 15:55

... is called automatically when the object is accessed. c) A static constructor can have public as a accessibility modifiers 74. class A { public static int X = B.Y + 1; } class B { public static ... value c) get b) set d) find 100. public class A:B ,C, D{ } The above code represents ______ [0.5] a) multilevel interface c) multiple interface b) hierarchical interface d) multiple inheritance 101. ... False 25. Access Modifiers for variables in C# can be the following (Select all that apply) [1.0] a) Public c) Private b) Protected d) Public protected 26. In C# , an underscore is allowed as an initial...

Ngày tải lên: 09/04/2013, 09:10

... Fortran Boolean (int) boolean logical Character char, wchar_t char character(n) Integer short int integer integer int long int FloatingPoint float real real double Complex ❖ (in C9 9) ❖ complex ❑ Size ... " ;C& quot; and include guards. Programming in C+ +  Dr. Bernd Mohr, FZ Jülich, ZAM Page 76 From C to C+ + Constants ❑ Typical C code used the C preprocessor to define symbolic constants: #define ... with C+ + ➠ Forschungszentrum Jülich Local C+ + Information ❑ Official C+ + On-line FAQ http://www.cerfnet.com/~mpcline /C+ +-FAQs-Lite/ Programming in C+ +  Dr. Bernd Mohr, FZ Jülich, ZAM Page 12 Introduction...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 08:15