advanced carbon materials and technolog

... on Carbon, American Carbon Society, 1 979 , pp 2 47 248 Donnett, JB and Bansal, R.C., Carbon Fibers, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc.,... process and material for the separation of carbon ... the fabricahon of coke, carbon, and artlficial graphite [ 11 These same feedstocks also have the potential for use in producing "advanced" carbon products such as carbonaceous mesophase,... ... Energy Materials, ORNL/FMP-96/1, COW-96051 67, Oak Ridge National Lab, U.S A , 1996, pp 135 148 Burchell, T.D and Judkins, R.R A novel carbon fiber based... Jagtoyen, M and Derbyshire, F., Carbon

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:21

... 13 T.Wigmans, Carbon, 27, 13(1989) 14 H Juntgen, Carbon, 15,273(1977) 15 R.A Hutchins, Chem Eng., 87:2, lOl(1980) 16 P.N Cheremisinoff and F Ellerbusch (Eds), Carbon Adsorption Handbook, Ann ... fill, a saturated carbon canister, an initial cold and hot engine drive sequence, and a running loss dnve cycle At this point in the refueling test, the fuel tank is drained and refilled to 10% ... loading and breakthrough curves for the ORVR test performed at 16 Vmin and 40 Ymin is shown in Fig 25 Both refueling tests show that the two liter carbon canister gained about 73 grams, and released

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:21

... A.E., Saatdjian, E and Tondeur, D., Adsorption Science and Trang 7Laine, J., Calafat, A and Labady, M., Carbon 22 191 (1989) Jagtoyen, M and Derbyshire, F., Carbon Botha, F.D and McEnaney, B., ... McEnaney, B., Adsorption Science and Technology (1 993) MacDonald, J.A.F and Quinn, D.F., Carbon 34 11 03 (1996) Barton, S.S Evans, M.J.B., and MacDonald, J.A.F., Carbon 2.9 1099 Alcaniz-Monge, ... Cazorla-Amoros, D and Linares- Solano, A., Carbon 1997,35, 291 Lopez, M., Labady, M and Laine, J., Carbon 1996,34,825 Quinn, D.F and MacDonald, J.A.F., US Patent 5071820 Quinn, D.F and MacDonald,

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:21

... involves the study of high capacity carbonaceous materials as anodes for lithium-ion battery applications There are hundreds and thousands of carbonaceous materials commercially available Lithium ... these carbons In order to prepare high capacity carbons for lithium-ion batteries, one has to understand the physics and chemistry of this insertion Good understanding will ultimately lead to carbonaceous ... to carbonaceous materials with higher capacity and better performance The mechanism of lithium insertion in carbonaceous materials depends on the carbon type The structure of carbons depends

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:21

... 2). Structurally, the materials are grouped into two main classes, those (soft carbons) with predominantly stacked layers (CRO, KS and PVC) and those (hard carbons) which have significant ... of the carbon materials as has been experimentally shown above. If the inserted lithium binds to a carbon atom which also binds a hydrogen atom, a corresponding change to the carbon-carbon ... of the carbon itself These materials. .. fraction for the calculated patterns of Fig 30 , and for a second set of calculations where the fraction of carbon atoms rn bilayers and trilayers

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:21

... hydrogen and oxygen The typical chemical species which evolve from the surface, as measured by residual gas analysis [37] and optical emission [38], are hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and carbon ... hsplace an atom of carbon from the surface, while 220 eV is required for an atom of tungsten In the sub-keV energy range of plasma fuels, the high yield materials are therefore carbon and beryllium ... fashion as the elastic modulus The irradiated and unirradiated mechanical properties of some candidate ITER PFC materials are shown in Table 2 These materials were irradiated at approximately

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:21

... 1940s Reactors with gas, water, and molten salt coolants have been constructed and a variety of fuels, and fissile/fertile fuel mixtures, have been used The evolution and essential features of graphite ... pure, and easy to handle Initial concerns that the reaction of CO, and graphite in the presence of radiation (Radiolytic Oxidation-Section 4) would be excessive were proved to be unfounded, and ... constructed, and commissioned within nine years The construction of the eight dual-purpose Mugnox reactors was followed by an expanded civil construction program in the U.K and overseas (Latina, Italy and

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:21

... 3176. Ruland, W., X-ray diffraction studies on carbon and graphite, Chem. Phys. Carbon, 1968,4, p. 1. Kelly, B.T., Nuclear reactor moderator materials. In Materials Science and Technology: ... and Japan [93,94] toward the development of carbon-carbon (C/C) composite control rods. A C/C composite material comprises a carbon or graphite matrix that has been reinforced with carbon ... the Peach Bottom and Fort St.Vrain HTGRs [Fig. 14(a)], and in Japan for the HTTR core. The latter design was developed in Germany and was used successfully in the AVR and THTR [Fig. 14(b)].

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:21

... glassy carbons, binder and matrix carbons" graphite films and monoliths activated carbons a precursor for binder in polygranular carbons and graphites, precursor for matrix in carbon-carbon ... wall carbon particle in spherical and polyhedral forms constructed from C6,, Ca0, and C,,, [98] 6 Engineering Carbons 6 I Introduction There are many applications for diamonds and related materials, ... glassy carbon and proposed that some sp3 carbon atoms were present However, a later high resolution X-ray study of a high temperature glassy carbon by Wignall and Trang 524 Pings [106], and a

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... only a small number of carbon atoms, and because of their large aspect ratio, carbon nanotubes are classified as 1D carbon systems. Most of the theoretical work on carbon nanotubes has been ... its own diameter and chiral angle [ 1511. only two coaxial carbon cylinders [Fig. 14(b)], and another has an inner diam- eter of only 2.3 nm [Fig. 14(c)] 11511. These carbon nanotubes ... depth; and L is the electron mean free path. [621. 3 Carbon Nanotnbes The field of carbon nanotube research was launched in 1991 by the initial experimental observation of carbon nanotubes

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... Porous carbon fiber -carbon binder composites In Carbon Materials f o r Advanced Technologies, ed T D Burchell, Elsevier Science, Oxford, 1999, pp 169 2 04 Economy, J., Daley, M and Mangun ... References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Edie, D D and McHugh, J J., High performance carbon fibers In Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies, ed T D Burchell, Elsevier Science, ... natural gas vehicles In Carbon Materialsfor Advanced Technologies, ed T D Burchell, Elsevier Science, Oxford, 1999, pp 269 302 Matranga, K R., Myers, A L and Glandt, E D., Storage of natural-gas

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... example, advanced electroconductive adhesive agents [41] A number of carbon reinforcement, includmg VGCF, PAN-based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, natural graphite power, and electroconductive ... graphene layers, and a relative lack of active sites on the fiber surface, making it more resistant to oxidation, and less suitable for bonding to matrix materials Also in contrast to carbon fiber ... of pyrolytic carbon on the surface of the fiber The resulting fibas can thus be produced with selected lengths and diameters, depending on the time of growth Trang 4and thickening, and on the

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... on • significant static power dissipation – VOL > ECE 410, Prof A Mason pseudo-nMOS Advanced Digital.3 NAND and NOR Pseudo nMOS DC Operation • Output High Voltage, VOH (Maximum output) – occurs ... Mason Advanced Digital.8 Dynamic Logic • Example: Footed dynamic NAND3 • Footed vs Unfooted – foot tx ensures nMOS array disabled during precharge unfooted footed ECE 410, Prof A Mason Advanced ... layers (from Kuo and Lou, p 43) ECE 410, Prof A Mason Advanced Digital.26 Short Channel Effects • Short channel lengths introduce effects which must be considered – in selecting process technologies...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 11:04

... SMART MATERIALS AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES Smart Materials and New Technologies For the architecture and design professions D Michelle Addington Daniel ... the problem at hand, materials and architecture have been inextricably linked throughout their history 1.1 Materials and architecture The relationship between architecture and materials had been ... understanding of their properties and performance In essence, knowledge of materials was gained through experience and observation Master builders were Materials in architecture and design Smart Materials...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... facades and ¸ Energy: behavior, phenomena and environments 53 Smart Materials and New Technologies Temperature Velocity enlarge glazed surfaces Light, however, is a micron-sized behavior, and the ... phenomena and environments Smart Materials and New Technologies boundary and the exterior is the surroundings But if we recast the human environment in terms of our earlier discussions of boundary and ... behavior, phenomena and environments Smart Materials and New Technologies s Figure 3-9 Images of buoyant convection The top image shows the buoyant plume above a candle flame, and the bottom image...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... Sampling of different Type and Type smart materials in relation to input and output stimuli 82 Types and characteristics of smart materials Smart Materials and New Technologies Specific applications ... electrostrictives, chemoluminescents and conducting polymers 80 Types and characteristics of smart materials Smart Materials and New Technologies Reversibility/directionality Many of the materials in the two ... smart materials 85 Smart Materials and New Technologies to control solar gain and reduce glare By and large, these applications have not proven effective because of the slowness of response and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... performance and control character110 Elements and control systems Smart Materials and New Technologies s Figure 5-1 This ‘electronic nose’ contains an array of chemical sensors that swell and shrink, ... ‘intelligent environments’ Elements and control systems 113 Smart Materials and New Technologies 5.1 Sensors, detectors, transducers and actuators: definitions and characterization SOME DEFINITIONS ... non-visible infrared light and the 116 Elements and control systems Smart Materials and New Technologies photodiode measures the amount of reflected light (See also Semiconductors, and Photovoltaics)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... as an input and then uses it as a trigger to control different output signals to the final lights The sequence and rate of Elements and control systems 129 Smart Materials and New Technologies ... microcontroller can be programmed to execute instructions in 130 Elements and control systems Smart Materials and New Technologies a desired way, and thus to follow a series of sequenced operations that control ... all other traditional mechanical materials Unique about silicon, however, was that there was an entire Elements and control systems 131 Smart Materials and New Technologies s Figure 5-15 Two views...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... Smart Materials and New Technologies materials and flexible layered materials, as there is a clear overlap with films Many applications developed to date are for clothing, but similar technologies ... of materials for different layers (i.e., looking at their optical properties and thicknesses) different kinds of primary and secondary color reflection and Smart products 157 Smart Materials and ... composed of fiber-optic strands lighted by periodically spaced LEDs The strands are woven with other materials (Courtesy of LuminexTM) 160 Smart products Smart Materials and New Technologies als discussed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... systems 169 Smart Materials and New Technologies plied to each section of glazing, and panel mounting and hardware must be specifically designed and installed to ensure proper operation and protection ... due to the ease of installation and low cost of incandescents, or it may simply be due to the Smart components, assemblies and systems 177 Smart Materials and New Technologies s Figure 7-7 Experiments ... sparkle On the same wall, freestanding ticker Smart components, assemblies and systems 179 Smart Materials and New Technologies s Figure 7-8 Fiber-optics, dichroic glasses and LEDs were used by James...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21