abc gene organization and protein structure

... È Ó FEBS 2002 MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein determination Chemicals Protein concentration was determined using the Pierce protein reagent with bovine serum albumin as standard [23] All chemicals ... WI, USA) PCR mutagenesis Random mutagenesis of the XI gene (xylA) was performed under conditions described previously [21] using the PCR primers 5¢-TGATCAATGTACGAGCCCAAACC-3¢ and 5¢-TGATCACCCCCGCACC-3¢, ... broader, and extended into the alkaline region, compared with the wild-type XI The wildtype showed no XI activity at pH and 10 For M-1024 and M-1026 the speci®c activity at pH and 10, was 66 and 45%,...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:20

... MMP-13 mRNA expression and the protein to an approximately similar extent Cathepsin K gene expression and protein synthesis The levels of both the gene expression and the protein of cathepsin K ... collected and processed with GeneAmp® 5700 SDS software and given as a threshold cycle (Ct) Plasmid DNA containing the target gene sequences was used to generate standard curves A DNA standard curve ... correlation exists between the mRNA and protein levels At the two dosages tested, the R1094 ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 gene expression and protein synthesis The level of gene expression of ADAMTS-5 in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... 10 Protein Expression Level (AU) Figure mRNA and protein half-lives and induction time on the appearance of protein expression histograms Effect of5 Effect of mRNA and protein half-lives and ... mRNAs and proteins, duration of gene induction, and sensitivity with which the expressed proteins are detected To monitor gene induction events accurately, reporters of short mRNA and protein ... Figure mRNA and protein Effect ofexpression protein half-lives on the dynamics of Effect of mRNA and protein half-lives on the dynamics of protein expression (A) Binary switching of a gene template...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... discussions and Edith Trejo and Carlos Zadikian for technical assistance We are indebted to Drs J J Cazzulo and C Labriola for their generous gifts of a cruzipaincontaining plasmid and primers A and ... parasites after days and 2, 4, and 24 weeks after transfection Lanes 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 show the PCR products obtained using the primer pair T7 and RIB Lanes 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 show the ... region of pRIBOTEX and related vectors induces the transcription of genes cloned downstream of the promoter and their chromosomal integration [19] After 48 h of transfection, geneticin (G418) was...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... crystal structure of CRMP-2 and the locations of detected divalent cations Ca2+ ions (from the previous structure) [5] are shown in red and Mg2+ (from the current structure) are shown in blue, and ... the structure and properties of the CRMP-2 protein, both in solution and in the crystal state Divalent cations have a drastic effect on both the stability and oligomeric state of CRMP-2, and ... molrep [51], and refinement and model building were carried out iteratively using refmac [52], phenix refine [53,54] and coot [55] The coordinates and structure factors were deposited in the Protein...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... conserved among the RIPs, and a two-stranded b-sheet and 10 (Figs and 5) In charybdin there exists an additional 310 helix (J, Figs and close to the C-terminus of the protein) This is a unique ... stereochemical quality of protein structures J Appl Crystallogr 26, 283–291 15 Ramachandran GN & Sasisekharan V (1968) Conformation of polypeptides and proteins Adv Protein Chem 23, 283–437 16 ... N-terminal domain is composed of a six-stranded b-sheet, which in turn contains four antiparallel central b-strands (4–7, Fig 4) and two parallel outer b-strands (1 and 8, Fig 4) The b-sheet is attached...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... band of 28 kDa under reducing conditions and two bands of 33 and 40 kDa under nonreducing conditions 2-ME, 2-mercaptoethanol (B) The N-terminal amino-acid sequences of three bands The 28-kDa protein ... fusion proteins (A) GST fusion proteins including L1, L2, and L1(DL2) (B) The fusion proteins were expressed in clones generated by PCR from the spermosin cDNA as described in Materials and methods ... molecular mass proteins (11-kDa L1 chain and 3-kDa L2 chain) might not be suciently ®xed within the gel under our experimental conditions (C) Protein structures of ascidian preprospermosin and spermosin...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 11:20

... hypothetical protein similar to PA-IIL and coded by the gene cv1741 was found The gene was cloned and the recombinant protein CV-IIL, the product of cv1741, has been expressed in E coli and purified ... in detoxification Two distinct supergene families encode proteins with GST activity; at least 16 genes encode proteins expressed in tissue cytosols and six genes are expressed in membranes Cytosolic ... diabetic human placenta and then to purify and examine kinetic properties The fresh placenta was obtained and the tissues were cooled, washed and perfused and weighed, then minced and suspended in three...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... self-consistent 26 Taylor Fig Two protein structures (A) and (B) are shown schematically A pair of positions (i in (A) and m in B) is selected Both structures are centered on i and m and orientated by a local ... A and Taylor, W R (1990) A rapid method for protein structure alignment J Theor Biol 147, 517–551 12 Taylor, W R., Flores, T P., and Orengo, C A (1994) Multiple protein structure alignment Protein ... positions (i, j) in (A) and m, n in (B) are selected Both structures are centered on the origin of a grid (C) at i and m and orientated by placing a second atom in each structure (j and n) on the vertical...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:52

... proinflammatory gene expression in C/EBPb-/- mixed glial cultures Expression of pro-inflammatory (NOS2, IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and TGFb1) genes in C/EBPb+/+ (white bars) and C/EBPb-/- ... increases in C/EBPb mRNA and protein induced by LPS and LPS+IFNg were of similar magnitude Differential C/EBPb activation is triggered by LPS and LPS +IFNg Since the mRNA or protein levels of a transcription ... control (n = 4-5) NOS2 protein levels by western blot and immunocytochemistry, and generation of NO by colorimetric detection of nitrites (Griess assay) In wild-type cultures NOS2 protein expression...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... of protein structures could lead to both deep and general or broad insights about aspects such as the folding, evolution, and function of proteins, the nature of protein ligand and protein protein ... of protein secondary and tertiary structures, protein docking with small molecules and with macromolecules (i.e., DNA, RNA, and proteins), simulation of dynamic behaviors of proteins, protein structure ... of protein structure comparison and applications, and computational approaches for aligning two protein structures Applications of the structure structure alignment algorithms to protein structure...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 10:20

... populations (El-Kassaby and Ritland, 1986; Fast et al, 1986; Adams and Birkes, 1991) The individual tree selfing rate is generally low (Erickson and Adams, 1990; Prat and Caquelard, 1991).The ... determined and used for the analyses In addition, the results of this investigation allowed for the comparison of genetic structure and diversity of clones and seed crop MATERIALS AND METHODS ... Joint maximum likelihood estimation of genetics and mating structure using open-pollinated progenies Biometrics 42, 25-43 Ritland K (1988) The genetic-mating structure of subdivised populations...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... functions and the evolution of new genes [1-3] Thus, it is important to understand the origin and evolution of new gene structures in order to understand the mechanisms responsible for the generation ... and ESSs are selected at alternative splicing and protein levels As ESEs and ESSs are mostly located within protein- coding sequences, their changes possibly affect both the protein sequence and ... conclude that ESE and ESS changes after gene duplication play important roles in alternative splicing divergence and contribute to the origin of new gene structures Results ESE and ESS divergences...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... CAD genes using five complete genome sequences and a set of genes from various land plant lineages We also analyzed the structure of CAD genes and their promoters as well as their physical organization ... group genes are distributed in Class I and Class II, group and group genes are distributed in Class II and Class III, while gene from group belong to Class II Expression analysis of Populus CAD genes ... CAD genes based on a limited set of sequences mainly from Arabidopsis, Populus, and Oryza lineages Moreover, no phylogenetic study including genome organization, gene structure, phylogeny, and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... atomic structure of few ARV proteins have been reported [61], and such high-resolution structures are not known for any λ-class ARV proteins By contrast, atomic structures are known for most MRV proteins, ... (Adobe®) Nucleotide compositions and protein molecular weights were calculated by DNA statistics and protein statistics, respectively, in EditSeq® (Lasergene®) Phylogenetic trees were constructed ... of homologous ARV and MRV proteins have also been reported For example, two non-homologous dsRNA-binding proteins (the ARV σA core protein and the MRV σ3 major outer capsid protein) are predicted...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... detect, visualize and analyze residue co-locations in and between protein structures [14] Eighty different protein structures were taken from the protein structure database [15] and residue co-locations ... step of ab initio protein structure prediction (as well as protein design) is the prediction of the secondary structure (i.e the location and length of alpha helices, beta strands and turns) This ... acids involved in protein structural uniqueness: implication for de novo protein design Protein Eng 2002, 15:555-560 Brunak S, Engelbrecht J: Protein structure and the sequential structure of mRNA:...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... of proteins displaying allosteric activities with existing PDB structures All protein structure images were created using DS ViewerPro 6.0 [43] Network analysis of protein structures Each protein ... 1eup) binding site Two androstenedione molecules (Andro1 and Andro2 colored in blue and purple, respectively) are bound to the protein The binding site (in spacefill) for the androstenedione is divided ... regions in proteins interactions Results and discussion A detailed analysis of 115 proteins (described in Materials and methods) with available structures in different conformational states and temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:21

... and transporter proteins (b) The regulatory group includes signal transduction and transcription regulation proteins The pre-metazoa group includes universal proteins and eukaryote specific proteins ... determination and protein annotation as described in Materials and methods A schematic description of the expression profile determination and protein annotation as described in Materials and methods ... pre-metazoan proteins (universal and eukaryote-specific groups) and the more recent metazoan proteins Differences can be observed for the regulatory proteins as well (Figure 4b): metazoan-specific proteins...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... reliability of a hit protein structure For the purposes of scanning a large protein structure database, 3D-BLAST is fast and accurate and is useful for the initial scan for similar protein structures, ... groups (Figure 2a and Additional data file 2): helix letters (A, Y, B, C, and D), helix-like letters (G, I, and L), strand letters (E, F, and H), strand-like letters (K and N), and others The 3D ... query protein and the hit proteins A total of 22,415 proteins were randomly chosen from the hit lists of 516 query proteins in the SCOP-516 dataset Among these 22,415 proteins, 27.72% (6,215 structures)...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 18:20