a whole sentence maximum entropy language model

... erroneous 0 1 a:a/0.6 2 an:an/0.4 3 cat:cat/1 4 ear:ear/1 5 ε:ε/1 ε:ε/1 0 a:a/0.95[0.95,0] a:an/0.05[0,0.05] an:an/1 cat:cat/1 ear:ear/1 0 1 a:a/0.57[0.57,0] a:an/0.03[0,0.03] 2 an:an/0.4 3 cat:cat/1 4 ear:ear/1 5 ε:ε/1 ε:ε/1 Figure ... sentence. 3 Base Model Our noisy channel model consists of two main com- ponents, a base language model and a noise model. The base language model is a probabilistic lan- guage model which generates an ... correcting erroneous sentences can also be thought of as translating a sentence from a given language A, to another language B, where A is a broken language, and B is the correct language. Under this

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... trained separately using a large amount of data, while the syntax-based model requires manual annotation for training The standard method for the combination of a syntax model and an N -gram model ... output quality, but also allows the in-corporation of an N -gram language-model into 736 Trang 2the system N -gram models have been used as astandard component in statistical machine trans-lation, ... gold-standard edge, we take it as a negative example e−, and take the lowest scored gold-standard edge on the agenda e+as a positive example, in order to make an udpate to the model parameter

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:20

... identification by MS is that all current software packages rely on a protein database against which to search As a result, even the most exhaustive protein database search is limited to the data available ... database to search for novel blood proteins in the data from the Human Proteome Organization Plasma Proteome Project Because this target database is orders of magnitude larger than the databases ... ORF library was used as the search database for X!Tan-dem, an open source program that matches tandem mass spectra to a peptide sequence from a given database of pro-tein sequences [13,14] As mentioned

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... – A Whole Approach ABSTRACT An intelligent learning environment (ILE) can adapt the educational interaction to the specific needs of the individual learner according to learner profile Learner ... Eyssautier-Bavay, C., Jean-Daubias, S (2011) PMDL: a modeling language to harmonize heterogeneous learners profiles In Ed-Media 2011, Portugal Felder, R M., and Silverman, L K (1988) Learning and ... Pelachaud C et Bensimon N (2003) Coopération entre un hypermédia adaptatif éducatif et un agent pédagogique, H2PTM'2003, Paris, p 24-26 Sampson, D., Karagiannidis, C., Cardinali, F (2002) An Architecture

Ngày tải lên: 22/05/2015, 21:10

... BCIs Trang 30Waveforms may be regular, having a fairly uniform appearance due to rical rising and falling phases One example of a regular waveform would be asinusoidal wave Other waveforms may be ... and a maximum margin principle was used to learn the model We vi Trang 7presented a formulation for the structured maximum margin learning, taking vantage of the Markov random field representation ... Wepresented a formulation for the structured maximum margin learning, taking ad-vantage of the Markov random field representation of the conditional distribution As a nonparametric learning algorithm,

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 21:51

... another tag for a character that occurs in themiddle of a word; another tag for a character that ends a word; and anothertag for a character that occurs as a single-character word This is similar to ... before translation It is only with correctand accurate word segmentation that a sentence can have a correct transla- Trang 12tion A wrong translation can be intolerable since each translation can conveydrastically ... segmentation accuracy (F-measure) for bakeoff 1 data tained from adding additional training data from another corpus ob-of a different segmentation standard, with the GIS parameterestimation algorithm

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 20:33

... our Trang 5approach integrates a relevancy and hierarchical model (or equivalently an occurrence model) with the contextual model (or equivalently an arrangement model) in a unified MaxEnt framework ... state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms have been used in recent years to automatically or semi-automatically generate 3D models that encompass a variety of objects/scenes by learning optimal styles ... by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques Similarly, Xu et al [5] and Porway et al [6,7] used an And-Or graph representation to model human faces, rigid objects and aerial images, which are

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2022, 08:49

... position pair so to make the load variance becomes the minimum value, and thus achieve load balancing As it is a data-oriented and static load balancing algorithm, it cannot satisfy well the demands ... load balancing and the MEM can accurately indicate the target of load balancing, so in this paper, a load balancing algorithm based on the MEM is proposed It not only can make the system load ... Perpendicular Image Partitioning (PIP) for parallel vision processing The algorithm is developed for a specific enviroment such as a small-scale parallel system, and it takes the load variance as the

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2022, 08:59

... concentration ratio data are taken from animals for those proteins where human data are also available, large interspecies differences are not evident, indicating that the animal data may be suitable to ... in early drug development when such data are unavailable In addition, the accuracy of the prediction of SC absorption and bioavailabil-ity using allometry of animal data is inadequate (5) Ibrahim ... bioavailability, which was used as an input parameter to the model A previous dermal clearance model, also based on the 2-pore hypothesis, used similar values for the radii of small and large

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2022, 14:59

... certain classes, (e.g., rare classes); also, classesthat are highly confusable are not easily labeled and, thus,may not be adequately represented in a local training set.Prior mismatch can greatly ... common labeled training examples where, for each labeled instance, there is a realization of each local classifier’s input feature vector (based upon which each local classifier can produce a hard/soft ... that in the ensemble there are a large number of identical copies of an inaccurate classifier and only a single highly accurate classifier Clearly, the weak classifiers will dominate a single accurate

Ngày tải lên: 10/11/2023, 18:15

... từ chỉ quan điểm là những từ ngữ được sử dụng để diễn tả cảm xúc, ý kiến người viết; những quan điểm chủ quan đĩ dựa trên những vấn đề mà anh ta hay cơ ta đang tranh luận Việc rút ra những từ, ... Maximum Entropy cho bài toán phân lớp quan điểm” cho khóa luận tốt nghiệp của mình Nội dung của khóa luận được tổ chức thành ba chương như sau: Trang 5Chương 1: Trình bày bài toán phân lớp quan điểm, ... đại Entropy yêu cầu rằng chúng ta lựa chọn phân phối mà ngang bằng nhau nhất Nhưng hiện tại chúng ta đối diện với câu hỏi rằng: ngang bằng nhau ở đây có nghĩa là gì? Trong phạm vi toán học ngang

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 14:29

... language-specific knowledge, e.g., the phone set of the language, a pronunciation dic-tionary, but also a large amount of transcribed data Unfortunately, these necessary data are only avail-able ... au-tomatically and is able to produce an acoustic model that outperforms a language-mismatched acoustic model trained with high supervision Table 3 shows that our model improves P@N by a large margin ... recogni-tion by statistical methods Proceedings of the IEEE, 64:532 – 556. Sawit Kasuriya, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Patcharika Cotsomrong, Supphanat Kanokphara, and Nattanun Thatphithakkul 2003 Thai speech

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... be: atlas@birdsaustralia.com.au or check out the Atlas website at www.birdata.com.au Australia / a country south of New Guinea, west of New Zealand and a long way east of Africa Australia has ... somewhat, along with other Australian vernacular such as ‘bonza’, ‘dinkum’ and ‘a fair go for all’ Birds Australia (BA) / the largest birding organisa-tion in Australia, founded in 1901 as the ... obscurity and from now on whenever I am Trang 12at a sewage farm watching birds, or at a restaurant having a meal, or packing my shopping into the back of the car in a St Kilda car park, and somebody

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 18:20

... "LDC-I: A Transportable Natural Language Processor for Office Information Systems 2, 1 (1984), 1-23 Ballard, B and Tinkham, N "A Phrase-Structured Grammatical Framework for Transportable Natural ... Natural Language Database Front Ends", ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems 3, 2 (1985), 165-184 Language Interface System", Conf on A p p l i e d Natural Language Processing, Santa ... database A related problem, which T Q A addresses more squarely than most systems (including T E L I ) , concerns the appearance and possible equivalence of database values For example "vac

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... language Trang 24Some important facts about acquiring a SECOND LANGUAGE • All learners of second languages unconsciously transfer grammatical properties of their first language to the second language ... Trang 1Integrate Ireland Language and Training received A resource book for English language support in primary schools Trang 2UpTrang 3Integrate Ireland Language and Training is grateful ... inheritance Developmental orders in acquiring a FIRST LANGUAGE The acquisition of a first language is marked by regular developmental orders These are familiar toparents and teachers In the case

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 08:20

... Trang 1Historical Analysis of Legal Opinions with a Sparse Mixed-Effects Latent Variable Model William Yang Wang1 and Elijah Mayfield1 and Suresh Naidu2 and Jeremiah Dittmar3 1School ... of anal-ysis that qualitative researchers are interested in SAGE (Eisenstein et al., 2011a), a recently pro-posed sparse additive generative model of language, addresses many of the drawbacks ... drawer’s, copartners 1849 - 1855 (Q3) Frankfort, negrotrader, 1851, Kentucky Assembly, marshaled, classed After 1856 (Q4) railroadco, statute, Alabama, steamboats, Waterman’s, mulattoes, man-trap

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... each of two different languages, the question of whether a particular sentence of one language has the same meaning as a particular sentence of the other language is an addressable question, and ... is a claim concerning the semantic range of the grammar of that language, a characterization of what can be exDresssd syntactically Notice finally that, given a grammar and an inquiry semantics ... 1976 [Halliday & Hasan 76] Halliday M A K and R Hasan Cohesion in English, Longman, London, 1976 English Language Series, Title No 9 [Haltiday & Martin 81] Halliday, M.A.K., and J R Martin

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:21

... “Oh, what a damn beauty!” ("She's really damn beautifull”) to indicate admiration and jealousy hen you wi -nt on a sports team that as lost a match badly, you could say: ‘What a damned ... hs cea hee i meaning" pee a fed” 2.An Amerian bythe name of Valenzuela amed an Sle Thi sounds ike fst, meaning as toying" si 2A Arn by tenet Vaden Wa Teg Bat sound ie Trang 7a haircut ... thing happen between you DEM OTT AT HA? Zud win nimen you shi ma? Did you do the house thing ME RAAT BH EG 2 i ad aaa aaa Trang 15xing jito le ma? ‘very out of place and embarrass you ists are

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 13:50

... concentration of traditional and nontraditional retail banking entities, as well as a significant number of organizations employing a VNO-style management paradigm model Managers and leaders of retail ... data, and data collection procedures that are exacting in structure Finally, data analyses of the quantitative research method are primarily statistical, and the determination of value in analysis ... management paradigm as an advantageous model for use in retail banking The findings of the study may help to define a business management approach that provides retail banking managers and leaders

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 13:57

... kept in a body warm plexi-glass chamber Urine was collected by way of a ureteral catheter in calibrated glass cylinders Parameters Apart from basic experimental data (table 3: weight parameters, ... steady state of the model as 60 min values (hematology: table 4; blood, urine laboratory: table 5) and additionally with the 3 hour state for hemo-dynamics and renal functional parameters (table ... clear-ance periods of 30 min, urine collection and blood sam-pling was performed and immediately followed by blood gas analysis using an automated blood gas analysator (Radiometer Copenhagen, ABL)

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20