a probabilistic approach to grammatical analysis

... bilateral sequence a ∈ [q]Z, we have 1 a(n) has a local maximum at k
= 1 (a has a local maximum at k) + 1A k(a) , if k < n, and 1 a(n) has a local maximum at n
= 1 (a has a local maximum at ... generalized, in a straightforward Trang 7manner to this context, so thatLAn(a) = # local maxima of a + # local minima of a = 1 (a has a local maximum at n) + 2n−1P k=1 1(a has a local maximum at k) Now, ... bilateral sequence a = ( , a−1, a0, a1, ) ∈ [q]Z, we say that a has a local maximum at the index k, if for some j < k, aj < aj+1 = · · · = ak > ak+1 and that a has a local minimum at

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 12:23

... A Statistical Approach to Grammatical Error Correction Daniel Hermann Richard Dahlmeier NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2013 A Statistical Approach to Grammatical Error Correction Daniel ... grammatical error correction is to build computer programs that can provide automatic feedback about erroneous word usage and ill-formed grammatical constructions to a language learner. Grammatical ... 2012. Tao 2.0 users manual. Technical Report ANL/MCS-TM-322, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory. [Nagata et al.2006] R. Nagata, A. Kawai, K. Morihiro, and N.

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

... order to handle the exploding mand, have no alternative but to rationalize and to automate their decision-makingprocesses instead of using the classic judgemental analysis Today, credit card in-stitutions ... p(x|bad) are equal,the rule simplifies to a linear rule Such discriminant analysis, known as lineardiscriminant analysis (LDA), features two standard results; • Fisher [17] elaborated a method called ... sensitive to correla-tions of variables that are bound to happen in real cases 2.2.1.4 Nonparametric Approaches One of the most common nonparametric statistical approaches is the k-nearest bor classifier

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 14:04

... de Palaiseau, versitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Universitat de les Illes of Balears, Palma, andUniversity of California at Los Angeles It is also being taught by Andr`es Almansa Uni-at the Facultad ... that exceeds by far any mathematical mod-eling and are therefore apt for checking any generic image analysis algorithm Awarning to mathematicians: It would be fallacious to deduce from the above ... square are therefore partial gestalts Notice also that all grouping gestalt laws are recursive: They can be applied first to atomic inputs and then in the same way to partial gestalts already

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 12:05

... package available athttps://CRAN.R-project.org/package= whitening Keywords: Multivariate analysis, Probabilistic canonical correlation analysis, Data integration Background Canonical correlation analysis ... comparative analysis and interpretation the canonical directions the random vectors X and Y (and associated data) are often standardized Classical CCA uses the empirical covariance matrix S to obtain ... not only allows to derive the classic CCA algorithm but also provide an avenue for Bayesian variants [7,8] In parallel to establishing probabilistic CCA the clas-sic CCA approach has also been

Ngày tải lên: 25/11/2020, 13:08

... Trang 1[Mechanical Translation, Vol.6, November 1961] A New Approach to the Mechanical Syntactic Analysis of Russian by Ida Rhodes*, National Bureau of Standards This paper categorically ... considering a word- to-word conversion as a translation A true translation is unattainable, even by the human agent, let alone by mechanical means However, a crude practical translation is probably achievable ... a sample of the translator’s art as a good translation is akin to charac- terizing a case of mayhem as a good crime: in both instances the adjective is incongruous If, as a crowning handicap,

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... flanks of Aragats include Tirinkatar, which is separated into two individual trachy- basalt flows Tirinkatar-1 and Tirinkatar-2, and the Ash- tarak lava flow. Tirinkatar-1 and Ashtarak each have ... simulation area. The Shamiram Plateau is an elevated region (within the central portion of the lava flow simulation area) comprising lava flows from Shamiram, Atomakhumb, Dashtakar, Blrashark, and Karmratar ... viscosity trachybasalt to trachydacite lava flows of the area The areas and flow extents (a quantitative Explanation (lower value = lower lava viscosity) AOI_EAST... the Shamiram Plateau may

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... known channel phase This analysis presents a unified approach as Nakagami-m fading is a general fading distribution that includes the Rayleigh, the one-sided Gaussian, the Nakagami-q, and the ... in the behavior ofU i Consequently, in the ensuing analysis, the random vari-ableU iis approximated as a Gaussian random variable hav-ing zero mean and varianceσ2 u The Nakagami-m fading distribution ... 2σ2 α, andm is the Nakagami-m fading parameter We have used the Nakagami-m fading model since it can represent a wide range of multipath channels via them pa-rameter For instance, the Nakagami-m

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... natural alternative to the MAP approach proposed by Foulley and Gianola !8! The main advantage of the MAP approach lies in both its conceptual and computational... Unconstrained ... residual variances in mixed linear models, J Dairy Sci 73 (1990) 1612-1624 [14] Foulley J.L., San Cristobal M., Gianola D., Im S., Marginal likelihood and Bayesian approaches to the analysis ... variance-covariance matrix of data by a Taylor expansion about small intra-class correlations Moreover, as pointed out by Knuiman and Laird !27!, u solutions to equation... extent and

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... the financialstatements analysis The DuPont Analysis Approach The DuPont analysis framework1 is a simple yet powerful tool to analyze the financial performance of Trang 17a firm Its starting ... framework, financial ratios, financial statements analysis, performance analysis Trang 7Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Why Financial Statements Analysis? Chapter 2 Introducing the Core Framework Chapter ... Having said this, financial statements have to be read together with qualitative informationincluding the notes to accounts, risk factors, and management’s discussion and analysis in order todraw

Ngày tải lên: 08/01/2020, 08:33

... conventional statistical approaches use linear and additive assumptions of causality that leads to unifinality and symmetric causality, FSA assumes “variable” interdependency and complex causality that ... cause-effect relationship and variable interactions As such, Fiss concluded that FSA can complement other standard approaches like cluster analysis, deviation score, and statistical analysis Garcia-Castrol, ... between and (Ragin and Pennings, 2005) In fact, transformation of original variables to fuzzy sets is like scaling the variables to smaller and more manageable figures Scaling variables to small

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2020, 18:34

... standard crys-tallographic software The traditional approach is to create a list of atom–atom contacts (which immediately identifies the connectivity) together with symmetry operations used to ... donor atoms and two accep-tor atoms For a full explanation of the graph set approach see Bernstein [28] With atoms identified according to the numbering scheme described in Scheme 2 an abbreviated ... Trang 1RESEARCH ARTICLEUsing crystallography, topology and graph set analysis for the description of the hydrogen bond network of triamterene: a rational approach to solid form selection Abstract

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2020, 15:16

... the anti-angiogenic activity of bevacizumab compared with that of paclitaxel To ensure the accuracy of our research, we adopted an alternative new technique, texture analysis, to analyze and ... data, and writing manuscript Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request Authors’ ... Padhani AR, Miles KA Multiparametric imaging of tumor response to therapy Radiology 2010;256:348–64 26 Yanagisawa M, et al Bevacizumab improves the delivery and efficacy of paclitaxel Anti-Cancer

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2020, 01:25

... coefficients and estimated variance than those obtained using a uniform sampling Wang et al BMC Bioinformatics (2018) 19:74 strategy We then performed simulation and real-data analysis to evaluate R-GENSENG ... speed/computation cost is a concern The randomized approach is not appropriate for RNA-seq data analysis, where reads are counted using a gene as the counting unit and differential analysis is ... intend to obtain analysis results comparable to full data sets analysis with smaller computational cost by analyzing only a subset of the full data sets [22] The distributed computing based methods

Ngày tải lên: 25/11/2020, 15:13

... then calculated correlation coefficients among all the profiles and visualised the whole CMP by heatmap analysis and metabolic pathway mapping, to classify genes and metabolites together This approach ... pentose phosphate pathway, and pyruvate and fructose/galactose metabolic pathways, but 16 genes were unclassified (Table 1) Similar analyses were also performed using the data from Figs S3 and S4 ... of the amount of each intracellular/extracellular metabolite and gene expression was calculated and illustrated with heatmaps (Figs 4, S1 and S2), and visualised by PathPod, a pathway mapping

Ngày tải lên: 19/11/2022, 11:46

... radioactive material to Reactor Cell Leak of fuel salt material into coolant salt Ingress of coolant salt into fuel salt Increase in radioactive material transfer to OGS Leakage or spurious drain ... design in a way that is conducive to the analysis of an advanced nonLWR reactor design at an early design stage Analyzing the PIEs for a reactor design that is at a conceptual or preliminary stage ... reactor plant, the nature of radiological hazards, and how the plant is designed to retain hazardous material within physical and functional barriers As a result, a systematic search for IEs naturally

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2022, 22:31

... was headed for inevitable death.Maybe that was one part of what Poe was trying tosay, that as life goes on day after day, you can sink intothe same routine causing your life to become stagnantand ... In fact, it may be helpful to deliberatelyview each first paragraph or page as a throwaway The absolutely worstpart of writing for me is starting, staring at a blank page or monitor If I canjust ... audiences equals the number of students inclass Write one per slip of paper and place in a hat and let eachstudent draw an audience out of a hat Each now write a paragraph to the audience drawn

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 17:33

... Trang 1A PRAGMATICS-BASED APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING INTERSENTENTIAL ELLIPSIS Sandra Carberry Department of Computer and Information Science University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19715, USA ABSTRACT ... his task-related plan CONCLUSIONS This paper has described a pragmatics=based approach to interpreting intersentential ellipti- eal utterances during an information-seeking dialogue in a task ... rule DG-Obtain-Info Plane-analysis is activated to associate the elliptical fragment with an aspect of IS's task- related plan The construction of STERM and SPREDS for this example was described

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... operator THE, and the operator POWER for definite plurals follows Scha [25] The operators KIND and SAMPLE follow Cad.son's analysis [10] of the semantics of bare plurals THE, as an operator, takes ... terances and a taxonomic language with formal semantics for specification of descriptive constants and axioms relating them Remarkably, 99.9% of 7,000 vocabulary items in our natural language ap- ... syntax and semantics arising from verbs, by providing examples of the verb's usage, Since IRACQ assumes that a large vocabulary is available for use in the training examples," a way to rapidly

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Population and Development INOPAL Investigación Operativa y asistencia técnica en planificación familiar y salud materno-infantil en América Latina y el caribe INPPARES Instituto Peruano de Paternidad ... government and NGO initiatives Many multilateral and bilat-e ral agbilat-encibilat-es havbilat-e madbilat-e nbilat-ew bilat-efforts to implbilat-embilat-ent “partnbilat-ering” Apart from UN F PA, othbilat-er ... Valdés and J Olavarría, “Ser hombre en Santiago de Chile: a pesar de todo, un mismo modelo” in Masculinidades y equidad de género en América Latina, T Valdés and J Olavarría, eds (FLACSO, UNFPA, Santiago,

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 16:20