a primer of signal detection theory

... Rewards and penal­ ties may be attached to certain types of response so that VSS CSN CnS VnN = = = = value of making a hit, cost of making a miss, cost of making a false alarm, value ... case of hallucinations, 'see' things that are not present at all False alarms are not an unusual perceptual occurrence We 'hear' our name spoken when in fact it was not; a telephone can appear ... false alarm rate, and the laxest category will be the last, and it should yield the highest false alarm rate How the hit and false alarm rates are calculated for each rating scale category... events

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 00:46

... Center→Search routine to learn about Mathematica Some useful searches are “Mathematica syntax,” “Mathematica syntax characters,” “Immediate and Delayed Definitions,” and “Defining Variables and Functions.” ... equation of motion for a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field (Chapter 5) Trang 3220 A Primer of Nmr Theory wiTh cAlculATioNs iN mAThemATicA ®In Mathematica, the convention is that a matrix is a ... Mathematica notebook magdipoleanimation.nb goes through the mathematics and provides animation of a classical magnetic dipole precessing in a permanent magnetic field B. Trang 27clAssicAl mAgNeTs

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2019, 14:28

... Shanghai Taipei Toronto With of fices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey ... structure 7.3 Axioms and characterizations 7.4 Diagrammatic proofs again 7.5 Harsanyi’s utilitarianism 7.6 A short summary 7.7 Some exercises Trang 138 Cooperative bargaining8.1 The bargaining problem ... than the formal way of characterizing such an ethical belief which is rational in the sense of being complete as well as transitive over the alternative states of Trang 21affairs’ (p 205) A Paretian

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2020, 09:53

... micrographs and carry the signal When the mean value of the signal is normalized to zero, PSignal be-comes equal to σ2 noise thus equals the variance ratio The SNR of a micro-graph was calculated as ... micro-graphs, the standard deviation of the background of each micrograph was calculated and used as input to simulate a background Gaussian noise image that was added to the noiseless micrographs ... transform of the SPIDER script The CTF simulation assumed an acceler-ation voltage of 200 kV, a defocus of − 1 μm, a spherical aberration Cs of 2.0 mm, an amplitude contrast ratio of 10%, and a

Ngày tải lên: 25/11/2020, 13:33

... populations, particularly in Australia and New Zealand However, molecular genetic analyses revealed that the black-footed rock wallaby population on Barrow Island, Australia (a potential source of ... example, if a population of a diploid species has 8 A1A1individuals and 2 A1A2individuals, then there are 18 copies of the A1allele and 2 of the A2allele Thus, the A1allele has a frequency of ... the DNA in alleles at a locus have the sequences: DNA DNA with base substitution DNA strand TAC GAA CTG CAA . .TAC GAA CCG CAA . mRNA AUG CUU GAC GUU . .AUG CUU GGC GUU . amino

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 17:20

... cognitive attitudes First, we might ask: What makes it the case that a given instance of an attitude has the particular content that it has (for example, what makes it a belief that coal is black rather ... The short answer is that it cannot make sense of a special class of cognitive attitudes Let’s take belief again as an example Some of our beliefs are beliefs that are fundamentally about ourselves ... written Others say that each of us has some sort of system of representation (like a map, perhaps) that incorporates a total belief state and a total desire state, but that cannot be broken down

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 00:53

... spectral subtraction Singular value adaptation In the singular value adaptation (SVA) method [5], the p dominant singular values ofH x are mapped onto the orig-inal (clean) singular values ofH ... speech enhancement techniques that has gained a lot of attention is signal subspace filtering In this approach, a nonparametric linear estimate of the un-known clean-speech signal is obtained based ... noise signal Subspace-based speech enhancement also makes some basic assumptions about the properties of the desired signal (clean speech) as is the case in many—but not all—signal enhancement algo-rithms

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... STEPS 1725 A marked arc of a great circle of a rotating sphere makes a constant anglewith the equator of the rotation For the plane of the great arc makes a constant angle both with the axisand with ... to each other,and t is any variable number With centre O and radius OA draw the circle ABA0B0 Take arc AE = eradians in the direction of the quadrant AB (i.e an arc of e radii of thecircle in ... center of gravity of a mass l at A, a mass m at B, and a mass n at C) Also the triangles P BC, P CA, P AB, ABC, are proportional to l, m, n, l + m + n The three steps lAP, mBP, nCP must be parallel

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 19:20

... call broad money consists of the liabilities of the banks, weneeded a fuller account than appeared to be available of the dynamicaspects of the behaviour of the banking system as a whole We havetherefore ... financial assets of various sorts at midr!985 was about equal to the (variously owned) value of real capital (Table 2.2) Non-financialcompanies have typically borrowed to buy real assets; persons have ... isrising rather than stable, the value of the stock of financial assets islikely to rise faster Thus rising nominal GDP is accompanied by arising value of the stock of financial assets Part of the

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2014, 22:46

... advantage in The Mystical Qabalah by D i o n Fortune or Israel Regardie's A Garden of Pomegranates It should be added, however, that there are two ways of regarding Qabalah The traditionalists ... graceful and passive man He can be sensual, idle and a liar Queen of Cups. Water of Water A Water Sign, quite probably Pisces A dreamy, tranquil and gentle w o m a n She can be w h o l l y l a ... 'dogmatic' and even 'anti-tarotic', whatever that last phrase may m e a n T h i s attitude d i s p l a y s a d i s m a l p a u c i t y of ratiocinative faculty One of the many joys of the Tarot

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2016, 14:28

... quote contains more than one clause, after an adverb or prepositional phrase, after a ‘wh’-word in a question, after a vocative and after an exclamation ‘No,’ I said, ‘I can’t see.’ (after answer ... prepositional phrase, a non-finite clause or a subordinate finite clause A very frequent type of reporting signal that can be regarded as a reporting adjunct is a special use of ‘as’-clauses Many reporting ... situation, and the marking of this by the presence of any of a number of signals of attribution” In terms of signals that determine whether a statement is counted as reporting or not, Thomas and

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2018, 14:18

... quote contains more than one clause, after an adverb or prepositional phrase, after a ‘wh’-word in a question, after a vocative and after an exclamation ‘No,’ I said, ‘I can’t see.’ (after answer ... prepositional phrase, a non-finite clause or a subordinate finite clause A very frequent type of reporting signal that can be regarded as a reporting adjunct is a special use of ‘as’-clauses Many reporting ... situation, and the marking of this by the presence of any of a number of signals of attribution” In terms of signals that determine whether a statement is counted as reporting or not, Thomas and

Ngày tải lên: 18/05/2021, 12:44

... Feily,Shahrestani, & Ramadass, 2009; Hasan,Awadi, & Belaton, 2013; Zeng, 2012; Zhang,2012) This survey analyzed the history andevolution of botnet detection as botnetschanged from a centralized ... command and control traffic associated with botnet malware SCADE also monitors outbound traffic for hosts that scan a large number of external IP addresses or have high number of failed external ... by Gu et al (2007) Statistical Payload Anomaly Detection Engine (SLADE) attempts to detect malicious payloads through packet inspection of all inbound traffic SLADE utilizes anomaly detection

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2022, 15:55

... may be that B always answer correctly on three quarters of the pairs (f (x), r), and always err on the remaining quarter) What is required is an alternative way of using the algorithm B, a way ... computational difficulty is much more involved thanthe analogous combinatorial question An alternative demonstration ofthe difficulty of reasoning about computational difficulty (in compar-ison to an analogous ... incryptography As stated above, our emphasis is on the clarification offundamental concepts and the relationship among them This is done in a way independent of the particularities of some popular numbertheoretic

Ngày tải lên: 25/03/2014, 11:15

... Economic activity has moved increasingly in the direction of smaller entrepreneurial firms; possibly because of the ability to innovate and focus on specialized tasks Job creation Today more than 97 percent of all United States exporters are  Globalization ... ImportanceBut new innovations may create as well moral and ethical issues that societies  are forced to grapple with. Bar‐code scanner technology and the internet have made it easier for  companies to track the purchasing behavior of ... order to turn it into a scanning device and increase its functionality The company “Dacuda” has been founded in 2008 and has counted 13 people  in 2010. The company’s product is said to have a great chance to become the standard configuration of the prospective computing mouse.    

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 23:20

... particularly remarkable con- sidering that it was written when Causs was only about eighteen years of age Of course, as Gauss said himself, not all of the subject matter was new at the time of ... For a comprehensive account of the general theory of quad- ratic forms see Cassels, Rational quadmtfc forms (Academic Press, London and New York, 1978) For an account of t h e analysis appertaining ... of N such that a = bc In this case b is referred to as a divisor of a, and a is called a multiple of b T h e relation bJa is reflexive and transi- tive but not symmetric; in fact if bla and alb

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 16:20

... kind of abstraction is the idea that there is an unbridgeable gulf between facts and values, the empirical and the normative I see this as a dogma that either treats theory as an analysis of data ... separated by what Althusser called an ‘epistemological break’ Marx, as he saw it, was not writing about capital as a material reality, but as an object of thought In Lenin and Philosophy he advances ... that we should characterise education and the media as ideo-logical state apparatuses as opposed to repressive state apparatuses, and his critics have argued that such a char-acterisation fails

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:43

... generalizations further illustrate this circular nature of the relationship between inflammation and cancer: inflammation can cause cancer; inflammation can cause mutation; muta-tion can cause ... muta-tion can cause inflammamuta-tion; mutamuta-tion can cause cancer; and cancer can cause inflammation Inflammation may also suppress cancer, as exemplified by the capacity of type I interferons ... and handling (e.g., anti-coagulation additive, Trang 8time and temperature since blood draw) may impact theimmune assay results The natural variations in absolute counts and percentages of particular

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 3 US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 4 US Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, USA and 5 Alaska Department of Fish ... interior of Alaska, and lower rates discovered along the West coast and Aleutian/Bering Sea Islands (Fig 1) The lowest prevalence rates were found along the Arc-tic Coastal Plain and in Southeast Alaska ... programs and JCP provided confirmatory virus analysis All authors approved the final version of the manuscript Additional material Additional file 1 Results of avian influenza surveillance in Alaska

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... (MCM) signals: conventional OFDM and filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) signals The spectral correlation characterization of MCM signal can be described by a special linear periodic time-variant ... properties of OFDM have been analyzed in [3,4], and the formulas of CAF and SCF of OFDM signal are derived by a mathematic deduce process in [3], whereas the authors in [4] provide a straightforward ... derivation model A particularly convenient method for calculating the CAF and SCF for many types of modulated signals is to model the signal as a purely stationary waveform transformed by a Linear

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20