a discriminative language model with pseudonegative samples

... × {0, 1} → < Trang 4Jamie,Callan, Jamie,Callan,J.,Callan, v, Jamie,Callan, J.,Callan, v, v, v, J.,Callan,J.,Callan, J.,Callan, J.,Callan, Jamie,Callan, Figure 2: Pairwise model on six mentions: ... the labeled subset The source code for our model is available as part of the FACTORIEpackage (McCallum et al., 2009, http: 3 http://www.iesl.cs.umass.edu/data/bibtex aculotta/data/rexa.html Trang ... probabilistic models for coreference resolution In North American Chapter of the Associa-tion for ComputaAssocia-tional Linguistics - Human Language Technologies (NAACL HLT). Aria Haghighi and

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 17:20

... Yeh, “Exact multiplicity of solutions and S-shaped bifurcation curves for the p-Laplacian perturbed Gelfand problem in one space variable,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, ... S V Parter, “Solutions of a differential equation arising in chemical reactor processes,” SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, vol 26, pp 687–716, 1974 12 D H Sattinger, “A nonlinear parabolic ... bifurcation diagram for β Again the double S-shape appears but in this case the Ss overlap, yielding exactly positive solutions for a certain range of λ Acknowledgment Eun Kyoung Lee was supported

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

... University, Dalian 116028, China 2 Departamento de An´alisis Matem´atico, Facultad de Matem´aticas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santioga de compostela, Spain 3 Departamento de Psiquiatr´ ... Psiquiatr´ ıa, Radiolog´ıa y Salud P´ublica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santioga de compostela, Spain 4 Department of Computers Science, Third Military Medical ... dynamics which result from the appearance of bistable states or saddle-node state in1.6 The bifurcation analysis indicates that1.6 undergoes a Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation at the degenerate

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... same size (12 MFCC plus 12 delta MFCC) for each frame, with the same band limitation and cepstral mean subtraction All models used 32 Gaussian mixtures with diagonal covariance matrices for each ... from a mel-scale filter bank with 20 channels) All the models have the same HMM topol-ogy: each digit was modeled by a left-to-right HMM with ten states, and each state consisted of eight Gaussian ... to compare the probabili-ties associated with different M and to obtain an estimate for M based on the comparison Specifically, for each class C k, we can obtain an estimate forM by maximizing

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... numerator relationship matrix. A RAM approach to the AM of van Arendonk et al (1994) is also available (Saito and Iwaisaki, 1997). Hoeschele (1993) worked with an AM ... derivations. A RAM for MAS If each animal in the relevant population has only one observation, the AM of Fernando and Grossman (1989) can be arranged, and a RAM can ... 4) are where the matrices Aup and A,, are appropriate submatrices of Au and Av respectively, and where Ip is an identity matrix, D is a diagonal matrix with diagonal

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... rue Auguste Piccard, 01630 St Genis Pouilly, FRANCE and 3 Statistics Canada, R.H Coats Building, Holland Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, CANADA Email: Jeremy A Lauer* - lauerj@who.int; Klaus ... data required for complex models are In particular, multi-state models present data requirements that can rapidly exceed empirical knowl-edge about real-world parameter values, and in many cas-es, ... the in-stant in time t If an inin-stantaneous rate does not vary, or its small fluctuations are immaterial to the analysis, Pop-Mod parameters can be interpreted as average hazards without prejudice

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... T a p a p a C p a p a T p a p a p a aT p a C pQ C a p a T Q p a Q T p a p a aT p a θ θ θ θ − − (32) and 2 2 3 2 3 1 3 2 ( ) 0 d C T a p a C pQ Q p a a p a aT p a C pQ aT p a θ θ θ − − − − (as ... (25), we have 2 2 1 ( ) dC Q C Q p Q dQ T a p a p a C pQ C pQ Q a p aT p a a p a aT p a θ θ θ − (26) 2 2 1 3 2 d C Q C p Q C p Q a p T a p a aT p a a p a C p Q a p a p a aT p a θ θ − − (as 0<θ ... deteriorating at a constant rate was discussed by Shah and Jaiswal [15] Aggarwal [1] reconsidered this model by rectifying the error in the work of Shah and Jaiswal [15] in calculating the average

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 09:14

... have a particular alignment These assumptions may lead to a simpler diag-onalization of a mass matrix but restrict the generality of the model Since, according to the current experimental data, ... discrepancy of a phenomenological model from a TBM model is quite small, we can think about a perturbation approach to building a new, realistic, model [7,8] The perturbative approach has been ... theA4-based models are analyzed in a non-perturbative way There are a few cases such as [10] where the perturbative method is applied but their approach is different from ours and their analysis,

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2021, 18:47

... multivariate nonlinear regression (MacKay 1992; Bishop 1995) based on the available meteorological data, the day of year, and the time of day Although gap-filled data are available at a daily ... parameter optimization on a synthetic data set This data set was generated using the best parameter set from the base run and had a normally-distributed data error with a mean of and a standard ... the running means and standard deviations of each parameter have stabilized In initial tests, it appeared that the means and standard deviations of most parameters had stabilized after the first

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2022, 14:13

... (Walko and Avissar, 2008a), which extends the Re-gional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to a global model domain In OLAM, 10 the shaved-cell method is applied to an icosahedral mesh (Walko and ... will replace the constant flux layer approach to get a more accurate representation of vertical surface fluxes Mea-surement data from wind or depolarization lidar can be used to validate model results ... relative notations FULand FURare used, e.g as shown in Fig 2 The spatial discretization is formulated in terms of the grid interval length and the face and volume areas The variables are arranged

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2022, 08:55

... boundary tracking and similar labels are not measured The details on how individual cross-sectional images can be analyzed have been previously published15 Statistical Analysis All statistical calculations ... image-based metrics with standard assays There have been OCT-based metrics for characterizing tissue properties, such as OCT signal slope and spatial standard deviation17, fractal dimension analysis18, ... of variability is confirmed by examining a similar variance in the LIVE/DEAD viability data (Fig. 2A) Taken along with the apoptosis results, this data set indicates that the photodynamic treatment

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 15:04

... we analyze a real-world social network platform - WeChat, a popular mobile appli-cation in China, with more than one billion monthly active users2 WeChat users can read and share articles with ... Each minibatch is split into sub-mini batches with equal sizes And each GPU runs the forward and backward propagation over one sub-minibatch using the same parameters After all backward propagation ... different aspects Most proposed models are based on Gaussian or Poisson matrix factorization Ma et al [17] proposed a matrix factorization framework with social regulariza-tion such that the distances

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2024, 19:55

... by A. We say a factor “fires” when all its neighboring variables are 4 Variables for link labels can be integrated in a straightfor- ward manner, if desired. true and it evaluates to a non-negative ... Greek, which has a definite article; Hungarian has both a definite and an indefi- nite article. In both languages (Tables 5 and 6), noun and adjective gender, number, and case are more accurately predicted ... pipeline parser. For adjectives, the ex- ample shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 is a typical sce- nario, where an accusative adjective was tagged as nominative, and was then misanalyzed by the parser as

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... FOR THE MARKOV CHAIN MODEL Perhaps the most significant advantage of the Markov chain formulation is that one can calculate the number of examples needed to acquire a language. Recall it is ... NSF grant 9217041-ASC and ARPA under the HPCC pro- gram. REFERENCES Clark, Robin and Roberts, Ian (1993). "A Compu- tational Model of Language Learnability and Lan- guage Change." ... alternatives to the TLA that avoid the local maxima problem. As it stands the learner only changes a parameter setting if that change allows the learner to analyze the sentence it could not analyze

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:21

... the entire parallel data and not just on the training data we use. All data is low- ercased, and we use the Moses tokenizer and recap- italizer. Our monolingual language model is trained on 500K ... pro- vides a natural reordering mechanism which is able to deal with local and long-distance reorderings in a consistent way. Our approach can be viewed as an extension of the N-gram SMT approach (Mari ˜ no ... mathematics of statistical machine translation: parameter estimation. Computational Linguistics, 19(2):263–311. David Chiang. 2007. Hierarchical phrase-based transla- tion. Computational Linguistics,

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... Phrases: database management, database models, database semantics, database definition, database modeling, logical database design CR Categories: 3.73, 3.74, 4.33 1 INTRODUCTION Every database ... interface facilities, it can serve as a conceptual database model in the database design process; and, it can be used as the database model for a new kind of database management system Key Words and ... to a database; these interface facilities can be constructed as front-ends to existing database management systems, or as the query language of a new database management system Such ACM Transactions

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 22:20

... trained separately using a large amount of data, while the syntax-based model requires manual annotation for training The standard method for the combination of a syntax model and an N -gram model ... output quality, but also allows the in-corporation of an N -gram language-model into 736 Trang 2the system N -gram models have been used as astandard component in statistical machine trans-lation, ... gold-standard edge, we take it as a negative example e−, and take the lowest scored gold-standard edge on the agenda e+as a positive example, in order to make an udpate to the model parameter

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:20

... used a subdivision of × and a maximal SUV of 20 for the calculation of fractal dimension [30] Statistical analysis Statistical evaluation was performed with Stata/SE 10.1 (StataCorp, College Station, ... k4 with externalisation Besides the compartmental analysis, a non-compartmental model based on the fractal dimension was used The fractal dimension is a parameter of heterogeneity and was calculated ... tomography (PET) and gene array data: a new approach for the correlative analysis of molecular biological and clinical data IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2007; 26:804–812 30 Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A,

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... bridging or lamellar bone formation (2) An assess-ment of these results was made and agreed upon by AS, TY and NT Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining After radiographical examination, ... femurs with the graft were decalcified with EDTA (ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid), and cut sagittally, then stained with hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phos-phatase (TRAP) staining ... Trang 1Open Access Research article Establishment of an animal model of a pasteurized bone graft, with a preliminary analysis of muscle coverage or FGF-2 administration to the graft Tatsuya

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... [23] AMPK serves as a sensor of energy status at the cellular level and is activated by an elevated AMP/ATP ratio Activa-tion of AMPK may induce catabolic processes which gen-erate ATP and reduce ... mice (JacksonLaboratory, Bar Harbor, ME) were housed in the animal facility at the Massachusetts General Hospital in accor-dance with the National Institutes of Health standards for the care and ... primordial (single layer of flattened granulosa cells, preantral (single layer cuboidal granulosa cells), preantral (2-4 granulosa cell layers) and antral (> 4 granulosa cell layers with distinct

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20