7 2 the concepts of hypothesis testing

... itself Therefore, we will start our discussion of software testing with these issues before we delve into the more technical nature of the topic The Psychology of Testing One of ... think of the program, as we begin testing it, as the sick patient 8 The Art of Software Testing A second problem with such definitions as testing is the process of demonstrating ... were published about software testing They, too, took a more transient approach to the topic Myers’s The Art of Software Testing, on the other hand, gave the industry a long-lasting,

Ngày tải lên: 24/02/2014, 22:36

... already there and modify them to meet the requirements of the IMS However, the goal of 3GPP and 3GPP2 was clear They wanted the IMS to use Internet technologies This way they could take advantage of ... so, once they have delivered their documents, either they are rechartered or they cease to exist Figure 2.1 shows a few, but not Trang 32.2 INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE 11all, of the working ... TS 23.228 [43] describes the architectural aspects of the IMS 3GPP groups its specifications in what is called a Release 3GPP Release 5 contains the first version of the IMS 3GPP Releases 6, 7,

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2014, 17:21

... definition of the term They might say: • Testing is the process of demonstrating that... where the length of one side is equal to the sum of the lengths of the other two sides ... testing with these issues before we delve into the more technical nature of the topic The Psychology of Testing One of the primary causes of poor program testing is the fact ... were published about software testing They, too, took a more transient approach to the topic Myers’s The Art of Software Testing, on the other hand, gave the industry a long-lasting,

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... Figure 4.18 Second half of the resultant decision table. 18 1 19 20 1 21 1 22 0 23 0 24 25 0 26 10 27 1 28 29 1 30 1 31 1 32 11 33 0 3534 0 36 0 37 11 38 111 111 11111 1111121 111 11111 1111131 ... (94, 97) 22 DISPLAY –END (94, 96) 23 DISPLAY (94, 96) 24 DISPLAY –F (94, 96) 25 DISPLAY .E (94, 96) 26 DISPLAY 7FF8-END (94, 96) 27 DISPLAY 6000 (94, 96) 28 DISPLAY A0-A4 (94, 96) 29 DISPLAY 20.8 ... and that effects 92 through 97 should be absent. Test-Case Design 87 01.qxd 4/29/04 4:33 PM Page 87 The most difficult aspect of the technique is the conversion of the graph into the decision table.

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... advantages of top-down testing become thedisadvantages of bottom-up testing, and the disadvantages of top-down testing become the advantages of bottom-up testing Because of this, the discussion of bottom-up ... that use them are tested Bottom-up Testing The next step is to examine the bottom-up incremental testing strategy For the most part, bottom-up testing is the opposite oftop-down testing; the advantages ... is the BONUSmodule of Figure 5.2, it might be impossible, because of the nature of intervening module D, to create some of the seven test cases ofFigures 5.5 and 5.6 Trang 6Second, because of the

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... table, the program is printing theentry number of the middle student rather than his or her grade.Hence, we have a firm hypothesis about the precise nature of theerror Next, prove the hypothesis ... but themedian printed was 26 instead of the expected value of 82 By exam-ining the results of this test case and a few other test cases, the cluesare organized as shown in Figure 7.3 Figure 7.3 ... not the problem itself Prove the hypothesis bycomparing it to the original clues or data, making sure thatthis hypothesis completely explains the existence of the clues. If it does not, either the

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... calculatedlist of prime numbers We implemented the sieve of Eratosthenes toquickly calculate the prime numbers This approach is acceptablebecause of the small number of prime numbers involved Trang 4The testing ... inter-face strategies vary for these different types of Websites, and, as youmight imagine, the testing approach varies for the different types ofsites as well The goal of testing Internet-based applications ... fromthat of traditional applications You need to uncover errors in theapplication before deploying it to the Internet And, given the com-plexity of these applications and the interdependency of the

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... testing, 202recoverability with, 211response time testing with,209 Trang 18stress testing with, 207testing strategies for, 200transactional testing of, 208Internet application testing,193–212challenges ... triangle, 2Security testing, 137Serviceability testing, 142Sieve of Eratosthenes, 190Software development, vs test-ing, 127 Software development cycle, 123, 124Software documentation, 125Software ... 196, 201business layer testing, 199,205–208 Business tier, 196 C C++ compiler testing, 10Case stories, 179 227 INDEX Trang 15Data access layer, 196, 201data access layer testing, 199,208–212 Data

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... found [10,14,23,32,37,42,45-50] (Table 4, see Additional file 4) One had the exactness of different measuring methods as the primary interest of outcome [42]; three examined the effect of protective ... to the consistence of the tube; even the use of soft tubes can thus not reduce the incidence and extent of palatal grooving [14] Although the authors detected no difference in the incidence of ... (mean intubation time 67.6 days) The study had a high drop-off rate (Tables 1 and 2, see Additional files 1 and 2) In the experience of some authors, the prominence of the lateral palatine ridges

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:22

... outcomes, but they cover only two of the four decision outcomes (both of them cover path abe and, hence, do not exercise the true outcome of the first decision and the false outcome of the second ... paths In the case of loops, the number of test cases required by the multiple-condition criterion is normally much less than the number of paths The Art of Software Testing ... showing the overall and detailed ranking of their original programs across the entire set of programs, as well as an analysis of how their ratings of other programs compared with those ratings of

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... correct-answer record 22 The above student is the first student in the file 23 The above student is the last student in the file You also can derive a useful set of test cases by examining the output boundaries, ... instance, perhaps the MTEST program of the previous section fails if the product of the number of questions and the number of students exceeds some limit (the program runs out of memory, for example) ... but there are two correct- answer records 19 The above student is the first student in the file 20 The above student is the last student in the file 21 A student has two answer records, but there

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... 2 DISPLAY 2ZX4-3000 (91) 3 DISPLAY HHHHHHHH-2000 (91) 4 DISPLAY 200 200 (91) 5 DISPLAY 0-22222222 (91) 6 DISPLAY 1-2X (91) The Art of Software Testing - Second Edition Página 64 Simpo PDF ... (92) 15 DISPLAY 8000-8001 (92) 16 DISPLAY AA-A9 (93) 17 DISPLAY 7000.0 (93) 18 DISPLAY 7FF9-END (94, 97) 19 DISPLAY 1 (94, 97) 20 DISPLAY 21-29 (94, 97) 21 DISPLAY 4021.A (94, 97) 22 ... 23 DISPLAY (94, 96) 24 DISPLAY -F (94, 96) 25 DISPLAY .E (94, 96) 26 DISPLAY 7FF8-END (94, 96) 27 DISPLAY 6000 (94, 96) 28 DISPLAY A0-A4 (94, 96) 29 DISPLAY 20.8 (94, 96) 30 DISPLAY 7001-END

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... is the BONUS module of Figure 5.2, it might be impossible, because of the nature of intervening module D, to create some of the seven test cases of Figures 5.5 and 5.6 Second, because of the ... made about the order of entries in EMPTAB and DEPTTAB The function of the module is to increment the salary (EMPTAB.SALARY) of those employees in the department or departments having the largest ... has a salary of $150,00 19 An eligible employee who is not a manager has a salary of $150,000.01 The output boundaries are as follows: 20 ERRCODE= 21 ERRCODE= Trang 322 ERRCODE= 23 The incremented

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... produced at the exact point of the error, so it doesn’t show the program’s state at the point of the error Program actions between the time of the dump and the time of the error can mask the clues ... comparing it to the original clues or data, making sure that this hypothesis completely explains the existence of the clues If it does not, either the hypothesis is invalid, the hypothesis is incomplete, ... graded The mean score was correctly printed as 73.2, but the median printed was 26 instead of the expected value of 82 By examining the results of this test case and a few other test cases, the

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... philosophy of XP, developers use extreme testing, which focuses on constant testing As mentioned earlier in the chapter, two forms of testing make up the bulk of XT: unit testing and acceptance testing ... for their programming task using the application’s specification 6 The pair works on their task with the goal of creating a code base that passes the unit tests 7 Each pair fixes/retests their ... thousands of unit tests Therefore, you typically use an automated software testing suite to ease the burden of constantly running unit tests With these suites you script the tests and then run

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... 0.54 20 0.64 30 0 .78 5 50 0. 92 75 0. 979 100 0.999 With every hypothesis test at alpha level of 0.05, there is a 1 /20 chance the null hypothesis will be rejected by chance However, to get the probability ... getting the same result; hence there is less variability in the data The typical measure of the variability of the data is the SD 51 Section 3: Chance The third factor, also frequently ignored, is the ... ignored, is the effect size: the larger the effect size, the greater the power of the study; the smaller the effect size, the lower the statistical power Sometimes, an effect of a treatment might be...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 11:20

... Hours per Year 876 0.0 875 1 .2 8584.8 84 97. 2 8409.6 8 322 .0 1 42 The Art of Software Testing MTTR Often, the MTTR will have an upper and lower boundary, so your test cases should reflect these bounds ... program testing is of interest to you, research the concept of inductive assertions The goal of this method is the development of a set of theorems about the program in question, the proof of which ... is the case for most undertakings, the plan is the crucial part of the management of the testing process The components of a good test plan are as follows: Objectives The objectives of each testing...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... review Only one of the participants is the author of the program Therefore, the majority of program testing is conducted by people other than the author, which follows the testing principle stating ... testing is the process of showing that the program functions correctly Once again, the definition of testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors Principle 9: The ... because of the phenomenon of the eye seeing what it wants to see.” In other words, in spite of the proper destructive definition of testing, there is still a subconscious desire to see the correct...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... program testing is of interest to you, research the concept of inductive assertions The goal of this method is the development of a set of theorems about the program in question, the proof of which ... is the case for most undertakings, the plan is the crucial part of the management of the testing process The components of a good test plan are as follows: Objectives The objectives of each testing ... to modify the assertion, and eventually reach the end of the path At this point, two assertions exist at the end of the path: the original one and the one derived from the assertion at the opposite...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... 10 /29 /75 rather than 10 /29 /1 975 • With dates after 12/ 31/99, computer calculations were likely to be in error • 10 /29 /20 01 might be interpreted as 10 /29 /1901 by a program that only stored the ... in 1 9 72 • The first software package was referred to by various names, including R, RF and R/1 • Between 1 978 and 19 82, SAP developed a more integrated software package, called R /2 • R /2 was ... monitored Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 37 ERP System Costs • The cost of an ERP system: • Depends on the size and complexity of the software package, which is a function of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/04/2016, 12:25