5optimizing dna vaccination by intradermal tattooing

... Compared to intra-muscular injection of DNA, delivery of DNA by tattooing seems to produce different gene expression patterns In one study, tattooing of 20 μg DNA resulted in at least ten times lower ... response in DNA immunized mice detected by IFN-γ-ELISPOT assay Cytotoxic T-cell response in DNA immunized mice detected by IFN-γ-ELISPOT assay Cellular immune responses after four DNA vaccinations ... of DNA tattoo immunization Although we did not determine the mechanisms by which DNA tattooing leads to better immune response one can speculate that this is due to (i) better uptake of the DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... observed [19] The B[a]P -DNA adducts also affect the function of human topoisomerase I by alteration of DNA cleavage patterns [20] The greatest disturbance of DNA cleavage is caused by the (+)-trans-B[a]P-N2-dG ... binding to DNA, but reduced M.HhaI binding by 1–2 orders of magnitude (Fig 6) Therefore, the bulky B[a]P residue positioned in the DNA minor groove severely inhibits DNA binding to M.HhaI by perturbing ... Effects of benzo[a]pyrene-deoxyguanosine lesions on DNA methylation catalyzed by EcoRII DNA methyltransferase and on DNA cleavage effected by EcoRII restriction endonuclease Biochemistry 44,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20

... light-switching DNA functions, we have developed a photoresponsive DNA by introducing azobenzene moieties that can be reversibly photoisomerized between trans and cis forms [23–25] By photoswitching DNA ... between trans and cis forms [23–25] By photoswitching DNA hybridization, DNA primer extension by DNA polymerase and RNA digestion by RNase H can be successfully photoregulated [26,27] Asanuma et al ... azobenzene-tethered DNA for reversible photo-regulation of DNA Nat Protoc 2, 203–212 26 Yamazawa A, Liang XG, Asanuma H & Komiyama M (2000) Photoregulation of DNA polymerase reaction by oligonucleotides...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... 2010 FEBS 2709 DNA unwinding by TIP49b A C C Papin et al B Fig DNA length requirement for DNA unwinding by TIP49b (A) Schematic presentation of the DNA substrates containing 3¢ ssDNA tails of different ... compilation ª 2010 FEBS C Papin et al DNA unwinding by TIP49b A B C Fig DNA unwinding by TIP49b is preferentially exerted on 3¢- to 5¢-ss ⁄ ds junctions (A) Unwinding by lM TIP49b (left, lanes 1–9) ... between ssDNA and duplex DNA binding by TIP49b Major and minor complexes are indicated by black and grey arrowheads, respectively The probable nature of the different complexes thus detected by electrophoresis...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... properties of C1q toward DNA and of an emerging technique allowing the molecular combing of DNA strands and its observation by single-molecule spectroscopy Double- and single-stranded DNA has been demonstrated ... binding site of DNA [30] We have analyzed herein the binding of the human of the C1 complex and of its subunit C1q to T4 DNA by molecular combing which results in a large array of DNA strands individually ... procedure is sufficient to stretch the DNA strands when DNA is brought in small droplet The interaction between DNA and the hydrophobic surface is very strong, so that DNA can be considered as grafted...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... to DNA revealed by mobility shift assay (A) Binding of htopo I to DNA Lanes: 1, DNA alone; 2, DNA + 0.14 pmol htopo I (B) Aggregation of DNA by htopo I and SF2/ASF Lanes: 1, DNA alone; 2, DNA ... 30 °C (A) Inhibition by DNA Lanes: 1, no DNA; 2, 0.15 fmol DNA; 3, 1.5 fmol DNA; 4, 15 fmol DNA (B) Effect of camptothecin at 0.15 fmol DNA Lanes: 1, camptothecin, 2, DNA; 3, DNA + camptothecin ... films RESULTS Inhibition of the DNA cleavage by SF2/ASF To study camptothecin-induced DNA cleavage by htopo I we routinely used the EcoRI–DraI fragment of pQE32 DNA labelled at the 3¢ end The...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

... interactions of DNA with many small molecules, such as BLM and ADM, are at rapid equilibrium: DNA þ L Ð DNA Á L ð13Þ where L is a small molecule that binds to DNA and DNA L the complex between DNA and ... cleavage of DNA catalyzed by BLM-A5 at excessive ferrous ion and oxygen concentrations can be expressed as t0 ¼ k2 ½BLMŠ0 DNA 0 Km þ DNA 0 ð21Þ Here t0 is the initial rate for the DNA cleavage by BLM-A5 ... efficient as a DNA- cleaving enzyme although the cleavage of DNA by BLM-A5 follows Michaelis–Menten kinetics The cleavage of calf thymus DNA by a mixture of ADM, Fe3+, Vc and O2 and by a mixture...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... is formed, the second DNA binding site of RecA can bind dsDNA In addition, ssDNA can be bound there, even more efficiently than dsDNA After strand exchange, the second RecA DNA binding site binds ... elements of DNA or RNA molecules into the affinity of enzymes to such extended ligands [25–27] We have applied SILC to analyze DNA binding by a number of DNA polymerases [25–27], DNA repair enzymes ... displaced strand following new DNA duplex formation [12] Binding of dsDNA to a RecA filament is followed by search of homology between the appropriate strands and then by strand exchange The mechanism...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... measure residual DNA by location on the NP /DNA complexes, using DNA concentration (OD at 260 nm) or agarose gel electrophoresis before and after DNase I digestion Evaluation of NP /DNA Complex Uptake ... encapsulated DNA (in) (Figure 2) Optimization of NP /DNA complex delivery conditions to 293 cells We compared the efficiency of DNA delivery to 293 cells by the six NP /DNA complexes vs a Lip2000 /DNA mixture ... supernatant was collected DNA measurements were made both for the NP /DNA complexes and free DNA using mg of NP complexed with 100 μg, 50 μg, 40 μg and 20 μg of DNA The amount of free DNA was highest at...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... Singlet oxygen mediated DNA degradation by copper nanoparticles (a) Dose dependent DNA degradation action of CuNPs Lane - Control DNA, Lane - DNA + supernatant, Lanes to - DNA + 50, 100, 200, 300, ... concentration in μM Figure DNA degradation kinetics and DNA binding by Copper nanoparticles (a) Time dependent plasmid degradation (Lane 1- DNA alone, Lane 2- DNA+ 0.2 M Tris, Lane 3 -DNA+ 0.2 M Tris + ... Lane - DNA + 500 μM CuSO4, Lane 10 - DNA + mM sodium citrate, Lane 11 - DNA + 100 μM sodium borohydride and (b) Comparison of the ROS scavenging activity Lane - DNA alone, Lanes to - DNA + DMSO,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:23

... T cells are activated by BCG vaccination via the oral and intradermal routes [20] strains, M bovis BCG Moreau RDJ shows great similarity to the original strain produced by Calmette and Guérin; ... mid-1970s when it was substituted by the intradermal route Even after this change in route, the Fundação Ataulpho de Paiva continued to produce the oral vaccine [7] Studies by Assis and Carvalho [3] ... between and 80% [12,13,4,11] Oral administration was the route initially used by Calmette and Guérin, but was replaced by intradermal administration in virtually all countries after the Lubeck accident,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:23

... NM000477) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from pcDNA3.1/GS-HSA (G1) (Invitrogen), digested with EcoRI and XhoI and ligated with T4 DNA ligase into pcDNA3.1/V5-His (Invitrogen) ... applied to Western blot Control (C) cells treated the same way without DNA (A) HSA vectors: pcDNA3.1/GS (G1), pcDNA3.1/V5-His (H1), pcDNA3.1/V5-His with intron A (H2), gWIZ (W1) and gWIZ with Kozak ... applied to Western blot Control (C) cells treated the same way without DNA HSA vectors: pcDNA3.1/GS (G1), pcDNA3.1/V5-His (H1), pcDNA3.1/V5-His with intron A (H2), gWIZ (W1), gWIZ with Kozak (W2),...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... 8-oxo-G DNA glycosylase hOGGl and the E coli DNA glycosylase AlkA kink error-free DNA in the same way they kink DNA during the excision of a damaged base [15] It is thus likely that some DNA glycosylases ... located by a MutY enzyme that happened to be bound to DNA downstream of the error at the time of damage or by one that subsequently binds to DNA downstream of the error and then scans the DNA until ... from 2+ to 3+ upon binding to DNA [18] Binding is thus associated with the emission of an electron into the DNA, while upon receipt of an electron from DNA the MutYDNA binding complex is destabilized...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:22

... was by one of the following treatments, and five to ten animals were used in each group For naked DNA vaccination, the plasmid DNAhsp65 was administered by intramuscular injection of 100 μg DNA ... challenged with M tuberculosis Vaccine formulationsa Miceb Guine-pigsb No vaccination BCG DNAv (naked DNA) DNAhsp65 (naked DNA) Me-DNAhsp65/TDM Me-Prime/boost 6.12 ± 0.40 3.25 ± 0.38* 6.02 ± 0.35 4.76 ... and challenged with M tuberculosis Formulationsa Miceb Guine-pigsb No vaccination BCG DNAv (naked DNA) DNAhsp65 (naked DNA) Me-DNAhsp65/TDM Me-Prime/boost 74 ± 18 ± 5* 72 ± 38 ± 7* 41 ± 6* 37 ±...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... for vaccination [20] Additionally, a DNA vaccination with plasmid encoding PSA has a potential to evoke specific anti-tumour cellular immune responses [21] DNA vaccines induce immune responses by ... this vaccination in clinical trials is further supported by the work of Ottensmeier et al [54] They have shown that EP is a potent method for stimulating humoral responses induced by DNA vaccination ... expression (hPSA) by the muscles cells post EP mediated vaccination was demonstrated by RTPCR of the transfected muscles After 72 hours of the vaccine delivery, mice were culled by cervical dislocation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... that had been previously electroporated with pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Hsp65 or a mock control (medium) The proliferation was measured by CFSE staining dilution by flow cytometry and the mock control values ... mice by DNA vaccination Nature 1999, 400:269-271 Coelho-Castelo AA, Santos RR Junior, Bonato VL, Jamur MC, Oliver C, Silva CL: B-lymphocytes in bone marrow or lymph nodes can take up plasmid DNA ... obtained after pcDNA3-HSP65 immunization (A-B) C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were immunized three times with 100 μg of naked pcDNA3 encoding M leprae 65-kDa heat shock protein (pcDNA3-HSP65)/mouse...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... has moral worth by virtue of being created in such an image Similarly, one would not have moral worth by virtue of being divinely created in a loving and merciful image, but rather by being loving ... that God would be disconfirmed should the Big Bang model by supplanted by, for example, the cyclic universe model, as is currently proposed by Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok, in which time and space ... of one’s faith, and arguing that the tension can be resolved by P1: IRK/IRK P2: JZP 0521829496c07.xml CY335B/Dembski 521 82949 DNA by Design? 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 April 2, 2004 21:3 147 rejecting...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... electrophoresis DNA was visualized by staining with ethidium bromide Results are represented by negative images Asterisks indicate nucleic acids derived from cells (C) Coaggregation of linear DNA by separated ... aggregative with aberrant DNA NC SSC Aggregative proteins LD DNA affinity Mono Q Marker NF Separated fractions no DNA relaxed A Aggregation-coupled DNA end-joining (kDa) 225 150 100 75 DNA- PKcs 180 k 170 ... Likewise, DNA- PKcs promoted predominant aggregation of ssDNA when incubated at relatively low concentrations At higher ratios of protein to DNA, DNA- PKcs started to interact with nicked and linear DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... verified by DNA sequencing (ABI PRISM377 DNA sequencer; PerkinElmer Life Science, Wellesley, MA) Parental TMK-1 cells were transfected overnight with the bcl-XL vector or the empty pcDNA3.1 vector by ... expression vector pcDNA3.1 Plasmid DNA was prepared by standard techniques (QIAGEN Plasmid Midi Kit; Hilden, Germany) pBabePuro, a puromycin-resistant vector, was kindly provided by Dr K Shuai (University ... indicated times and used for the DNA fragmentation assay as described in Experimental procedures pretreatment (Fig 5C) By contrast, JunD expression was not induced by EGF treatment (data not shown)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... rationalized by invoking better binding of protein to ssDNA compared to dsDNA under these conditions, thereby leading to suppression of ssDNA renaturation, as two interacting protein–ssDNA complexes ... single stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a helical filament (three nucleotides per protein monomer) resulting in stretching of DNA by 1.5 times its original length This conformational change in DNA is hypothesized ... thereby showing it has attained its native structure This purified protein showed single and double stranded DNA binding activity Binding to single stranded DNA stimulated a significant level of DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20