5 electro optics of nematic liquid crystals

... of structural ordering of liquid crystals (LCs) is of great importance for both the development of physics of condensed matter and application There exist a few general LC structures First of ... +7-391-249-4600; Fax: +7-391-243-2635 Received: 5 June 2013; in revised form: 12 July 2013 / Accepted: 18 July 2013 / Published: 7 August 2013 Abstract: Alignment of nematic liquid crystals on polycarbonate ... are the nematic medium objects that obey topological laws Another type of the structure is local formations in the volume or on the surface of a nematic LC The most typical of them are nematic

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2022, 10:14

... conditions 56 4.3 A solution for the dark state problem of an AFLCD 56 4.4 Orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals 58 4.5 Phase modulation by means of OAFLCs 61 4.5.1 Polarisation ... 74 5 Reflective AFLCDs 75 5.1 Normally bright mode 75 5.2 Normally dark mode 77 5.2.1 A λ/4 film between liquid crystal layer and mirror 77 5.2.2 A λ/4 film between polariser and liquid ... growth of the number offActive Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (AM-LCD) of about 18% untilthe year 2005 [1] This implies a doubling over a period of 4 years Ifone observes the position of the liquid

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2023, 16:42

... Trang 1The Journal of Physical Chemistry C is published by the American Chemical Society.1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by ... not be considered the official version of record They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®) “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors ... PLQLPXP DIWHU WKH ILUVW SHDN LQ 5') RI PRGHO DW  ,6$$&6 VRIWZDUH LV XVHG IRU FDOFXODWLQJULQJVWDWLVWLFVZLWKWKH*XWWPDQ¶VUXOH  5(68/76$1'',6&866,216  7KHUPRG\QDPLFVDQGHYROXWLRQRIVWUXFWXUHXSRQFRROLQJIURPWKHPHOW

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2017, 04:43

... 10% D 2 O, 5 m M NADPH, 0.5 m M ATP, 5 m M phosphoenolpyruvate, 1 mg GTP cyclohydrolase II, 2 units of guanylate kinase and 2 units of pyruvate kinase in a total volume of 0.5 mL 2,5-diamino-6-ribityla-mino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone ... 10% D 2 O, 5 m M NADPH, 0.5 m M ATP, 5 m M phosphoenolpyruvate, 1 mg GTP cyclohydrolase II, 2 units of gua-nylate kinase and 2 units of pyruvate kinase in a total volume of 0.5 mL 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone ... position of NADPH is transferred into the 1¢-proS position of prod-uct 5 (left side) 13 C-NMR signals of the 1¢ carbon of product 5 are shown. Fig 8 Two-dimensional HMQC spectrum of [1¢,2¢,3¢,4¢,5¢-

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... in A549 and DU145 cells Figure 3C shows that deletion of the region from )560 to )542 resulted in a remarkable increase in luciferase activity, by 25-fold in A549 cells and 24.6-fold in DU145 cells ... activity A549 DU145 F-560 (ng) 300 300 300 300 300 WU-decoy (µg) 0 1 2 0 0 MU-decoy (µg) 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 A549 DU145 Fig 5 The NEG-U element is involved in the negative regulation of the ... above each lane (B) Activities of F-233 and MF-233 in A549 and DU145 cells (C) Activities of F-233 and varying amounts of the decoy oligonucleotides in A549 and DU145 cells WP-decoy cates the wild-type

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... P1 and P2 located 5¢ of E1 and E1b, respectively Herein, we investigated the molecular basis of the differ-ential expression of the TP isoforms by characterizing the 5¢ UTR of the TP transcripts ... +52, Exon 2); Kin3: 5¢-dTGTGGGCCGGAAACAGGGC-3¢ (+45 to +27, Exon 2); Kin6: 5¢-dGTGGCCCAACGG CAGTTC-3¢ (+3 to +20, Exon 2); Kin16: 5¢-dGAGAT GATGGCTCAGCTCCT-3¢ (+724 to +743, Exon 2); Kin45: 5¢-dCCTGATGGGGTGGTGAC-3¢ ... of +1 are given a + designation E1, encodes nucleotides )289 to )84 of 5¢ untranslated region (UTR) of the TP mRNA; alternatively, exon E1b, of 115 bp, located within I1 encodes )199 to )84 of

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... Film Journal of Chemical Physics, 94, 8(Apr 15):5282-5290 Parusel, A B J & Grimme, S (2000) A theoretical study of the excited states of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a Journal of Physical ... Nonlinearities of Bis(Phthalocyanines) Journal of Physical Chemistry, 96, 14(Jul 9):5847-5852 Sundholm, D (1999) Density functional theory calculations of the visible spectrum of chlorophyll ... (1989) High-Sensitivity, Single-Beam N2 Measurements Optics Letters, 14, 17(Sep 1):955-957 Shen, Y R (1984) The Principles of Nonlinear Optics, John Wiley,0471889989 New York Shirk, J S.; Lindle,

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... convex lens (f=15 cm); PDs, photodiodes; SBS cell (FC-75, 30 cm long) The loss of the front part of the pumping energy to create the acoustic Brillouin grating is one of the main causes of the deformation ... reflectivity The standard deviation of the measured relative phase difference is ~ 0.135λ Furthermore, 96% of the data points are contained in a range of ±0.25λ Trang 8Fig 15 Phase control experimental ... ISSN 0218-8635 Erokhin A I ; Kovalev V I & Faizullov F S (1986) Determination of the parameters of a nonlinear response of liquids in an acoustic resonance region by the method of nondegenerate

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... visualized by a 53 GHz commercial oscilloscope (left) and by the ASOF (right); Bottom: eye-diagram of a (231 - 1)-long PRBS The wavelength of the signal under test was 1561 nm, while λC = 1552.5 nm The ... at the output of the HNLF for three different wavelengths of the 40 Gbit/s signal under test: 1544 nm, 1556 nm, and 1561 nm In all cases, the pulse train wavelength was fixed at 1553 nm, corresponding ... of the HNLF (left) and corresponding 32 bit-long sequence resolved by the ASOF (right) in the case of signal wavelength equal to 1544 nm (top), 1556 nm (center), and 1561 nm (bottom) Trang 25Fig

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... ER of the output waveform which are shown in Fig.13 (b), (c), (d) 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 be the center wavelength of ... for the ultrafast AND gate is shown in Fig 15 In this experiment, three wavelengths generated by LD1, LD2, LD3 are 1560nm(λ1), 1549.32nm(λ2) and 1555.75nm(λ C) respectively λ1, 2 are modulated ... Semiclassic Opt, Vol 9, pp 155–164 Midwinter, J & Warner, J (1967) Up-conversion of near infrared to visible radiation in lithium-meta-niobate J Appl Phys Vol 38, pp 519-523 Mink, A.; Tang, X.;

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... interferometer Electron Lett., Vol 31, (1995) pp 454-455 Inoue, K and Oda, K (1995) Noise suppression in wavelength conversion using a lightinjected laser diode IEEE Photon Technol Lett., Vol 7, (1995) ... 160 Gb/s SOA alloptical wavelength converter and assessment of its regenerative properties Electron Lett., Vol 40, (2004) pp.554-555 Liang, T K & Tsang, H K (2004) Efficient Raman amplification ... diagrams of the different deteriorated cases are presented to illustrate the improvements of the bit shape An up-conversion (1550 to 1551 nm) was employed to obtain the eye diagrams This type of conversion

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... precise length stabilization of a 25-km long optical fiber using an optical interferometric method with a digital phase-frequency discriminator, Appl Phys B, vol.82, pp.555-559 Onillon,B., Constant,S., ... inevitable error of this method According to the Equations (15) and (17), the offset frequency in the round-trip signal (2 ×ωc=50 MHz) is Δλoffset = 0.0004 nm The deviation of the propagation ... case of the Faraday reflector, the route of the transmitted and return of light are not completely corresponding This difference becomes a fixed phase offset However, the change of the phase offset

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... different spatial location have energy of the excited state a as (15) Trang 3Beating Difraction Limit using Dark States 535 Fig 2 Qualitative description of the idea of using Stark shifts for atomic ... Physics of Ghost Imaging Yanhua Shih Department of Physics University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, U.S.A 1 Introduction One of the most surprising consequences of quantum ... 21The Physics of Ghost Imaging 553 Fig 3 Upper: A reproduction of the actual aperture “UMBC” placed in the signal beam Lower: The image of “UMBC”: coincidence counts as a function of the fiber

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... [9] Y.H Shih, IEEE J of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 9, 1455 (2003) [10] R Hanbury-Brown, and R.Q Twiss, Nature, 177, 27 (1956); 178, 1046, (1956); 178, 1447 (1956) [11] R Hanbury-Brown, ... ph/ 0407065 [15] Y.J Cai, and S.Y Zhu, quant-ph/0407240, Phys Rev E, 71, 056607 (2005) [16] B.I Erkmen and J.H Shapiro, Phys Rev A 77, 043809 (2008) [17] M H Rubin, Phys Rev A 54, 5349 (1996) ... role of multi-functional Trang 15High Performance Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Systems Formed with the Siloxane-containing Derivatives and Their Applications on Electro-optics 597

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... equilibration process of the electron bunch, the length of the electron bunch is typically 15 – 45 mm (rms) that corresponds to X-ray pulse duration of 50 – 150 ps Thus, the timing of the synchrotron ... Wyant, J C (1985) Contouring aspheric surfaces using two- wavelength phase-shifting interferometry Journal of Modern Optics, Vol 32, No 12, (December 1985), pp 1455-1464, ISSN 0950-0340 Dilhaire,S.; ... 1984), pp 4539-4543, ISSN 0003-6935 Cheng, Y.; Wyant, J C (1985) Multiple-wavelength phase-shifting interferometry Applied Optics, Vol 24, Issue 6, (March 1985), pp 804-807, ISSN 0003-6935 Creath,

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... perform the superposition (58)and see that A±out obeys the asymptotics (59) as required for outgoing modes The modes (57) and (58) describe two sets of mode expansions (24) of one and the same quantum ... wavelength change of 4nm of the pulse changes λm by δλr = –0.75nm Since the probe light is wavelength-shifted symmetrically around λm, there is a change of the wavelength shift of up to –1.5nm The probe ... center of the arches an infinitesimal δn is sufficient to cause a frequency shift; at this frequency the group velocity of the probe matches the group-velocity of the pulse 5.1 Geometrical optics

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... optical measurement of small displacements Journal of Optics B:Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, Vol 6, No 12, 495-501 Hsu, M T L.; Bowen, W P.; Treps, N.; and Lam, P K (2005) Continuous-variable ... sphere in the ray optics regime Biophys J., Vol 61, No 2, 569–582 Ashkin, A (1970) Acceleration and Trapping of Particles by Radiation Pressure Phys Rev Lett Vol 24, No 4, 156-159 Beck M (2000) ... ISBN:0486411559, New York Walls, D F.; and Milburn, G J (1995) Quantum Optics, Springer, Germany Zehnder, L (1891) Z Instrumentenkunde 11, 275 Trang 23Broadband Light Generation in Raman-active Crystals

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... using 5 x 5 replication optics Four of these units are stacked horizontally to yield a SLM with 100 million pixels in total at a pixel pitch of 6.6 μm The modular system design allows stacking of ... based on electrowetting Electrowetting or exactly electrowetting on dielectrics (EWOD) (Beni et al., 1982; Berge & Peseux, 2000) can be regarded as an electrostatic manipulation of liquids ... size is adapted to the pixel pitch of the SLM Since the response time of electrowetting cells of that size are in the range of <1 ms, time sequential tracking of several users becomes feasible

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... (2005) Correlation of collagen synthesis with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging of in vitro human atherosclerosis, Proceedings of SPIE 5690, pp 563-571, ISBN 9780819456649, ... polyps of the colon Proceedings of SPIE, 6916, 69161O Schmitt, J M (1999) Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a review IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 5, 1205-1215 Schmitt, ... the case of fibrous plaque, 7 of 21 lesions were identified as fibrous and 110 of 114 as not fibrous lesions Finally, the method identified 33 of 48 lesions as lipid regions and 55 of 87 as not

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... - Spring 2001 Lecture 11 25 Properties of Liquid Crystals • LC is state of matter intermediate between solid and amorphous liquid – Liquid with ordered arrangement of molecules – Molecules with ... Typical Liquid Crystal Structure Saleh & Teich • Nematic Liquid Crystals —molecules tend to be parallel but their positions are random – Long range orientation order • Smetic Liquid Crystals ... Long range orientational order Director: direction of preferred orientation of molecular axis • Cholesteric Liquid Crystals distorted form of nematic phase in which the orientation undergoes helical...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:51