3 selection criteria for a comprehensive treatment plan

... Joanna Laba7, Derek Wilke9, Sashendra Senthi10, Alexander V Louie11, Anand Swaminath8, Anthony Chalmers12, Stewart Gaede7, Andrew Warner3, Tanja D de Gruijl13, Alison Allan7and David A Palma7 Abstract ... blinded safety data once 50 patients are accrued, and every 6 months thereafter There are two planned interim analyses for efficacy in addition to the final ana-lysis For each interim analysis, ... the extracranial disease For example, a patient with a soli-tary brain metastasis and two lung metastases could re-ceive an ablative technique to the brain (e.g surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery

Ngày tải lên: 30/05/2020, 21:29

... Trang 6Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of variable factors for overall survival and recurrence-free survivalUnivariate analysis Multivariate analysis Univariate analysis Multivariate ... and performed the statistical analysis and interpretation of data HK participated in the data acquisition and the statistical analysis of data and helped to draft the manuscript MD participated ... as mean ± standard deviation, median (range), and fre-quency Actuarial OS and RFS probabilities were calcu-lated by the Kaplan-Meyer method from the date of first RFA treatment and compared using

Ngày tải lên: 14/10/2020, 17:36

... are having more and more influence globally By taking advantage of this demand, Cocoon’s Pomelo Hair Tonic can actually make a spectacular breakthrough in the Korean market with a suitable marketing ... Korean domestic brands draw their strength from a particularly dynamic local market, where fierce competition calls for a capacity for innovation and a speed to market to which foreign brands are ... natural skincare brand in Australia, has always been at the forefront of the health & wellness movement One of the first to say 'NO' to artificial additives and harsh ingredients that can

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2023, 11:58

... environmental, organizational and technical factors • The social and cultural factors that mostly influence a community are: Identity, Membership, Language, Attention, Power and Control • Some general ... laws They have their “ways of doing things” that may vary among the members These organizational and environmental factors can influence the behaviour and outcome of the community So paying attention ... Learning from each other There are groups and communities that are Communities of Practice that focus on skills for designing and facilitating online communities These are a great place to learn

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 20:20

... fully adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, as well as make various CGIAR-specific disclosures in its annual financial ... firm–nature of professional quality assurance and other interactions to ensure that international auditing standards are maintained as they are evolving (including impacts of the U.S Sarbanes-Oxley ... outreach offices maintain their own separate accounting system and original documents, where a financial statement for this location is consolidated with that prepared at Headquarters to produce a

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 23:48

... abundance of algal-grazing zooplankton and allow phytoplankton populations to expand (Figure 20.1) On the basis of the trophic cascade hypothesis, it is expected that algal biomass and primary ... fish, thereby allowing densities of algal-grazing zooplankton to increase Thus, increased abundance of top predators releases grazing zooplankton from predation and ultimately limits primary productivity ... ultimately ingested by cats Biomagnification of DDT and dieldrin by cats resulted in significant mortality and a subsequent increase in rat populations The somewhat artificial food chain was eventually

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... thespecies–area relationship across a range of habitats have reported greater variation than previouslybelieved Crawley and Harral (2001) measured species richness of plant communities across a wide Trang ... total number of species within arelatively large geographic area and represents the species pool available to colonize local habitats.Gamma diversity is a product of alpha and beta diversity and ... in areas withand without a particular species, are practical alternatives to actual manipulation and will play animportant role in identifying keystone species Well-designed studies that take advantage

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... several benthic macroinvertebrate metrics to heavy metals and compares statistical results based on qualitative (relative abundance) or quantitative (number/m2 ) data Analyses based on qualitative ... techniques typical of many RBPs may also influence the appropriate level of taxonomic resolution Bowman and Bailey (1997) found that as taxa are aggregated, qualitative data are less... large-scale monitoring ... impacts of contaminants (Figure 22. 11) The sediment quality triad (Chapman 1986) is an example of an integrated approach that combines chemical measures... appropriate over a regional scale;

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... investigatethe effects of contaminants on microbial and planktonic assemblages Taub’s standardized aquaticmicrocosm (SAM) is now an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) protocol (ASTM1995), ... years Researchers have also taken advantage of planned perturbations toassess the impacts of contaminants on communities If data are collected before a particular chem-ical is released into the environment, ... absence of a predator) and natural trajectory experiments, where a researcher makescomparisons before and after a perturbation.It is important to note that Diamond’s enthusiasm for natural experiments

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... data are generated andselected for analysis As noted above, the data might require transformation prior to use (2) Thecorrelation matrix for the variables is calculated (3) Factors (mathematical ... single measure, a characteristic that appeals to many water resource managers.However, some researchers are skeptical of multimetric indices and argue that a better approach is to assess an array of ... parametric analyses, transformation of species abundance data is often advisablebefore applying a multivariate method Transformation might be done to reduce the influence of onevariable relative

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... for rare species A practical aspect of this statistical averaging effect is thataggregate measures of community composition are often less variable and therefore more useful forassessing impacts ... diversityand stability, it is uncertain if similar patterns occur in systems where diversity varies along naturalgradients Sankaran and McNaughton (1999) report results of a study of savannah grasslands ... oil in northeastern Prince William Sound (Alaska, USA) and oiled an ated 800 km of shoreline By any account, each of these disturbance events was large scale,novel, and had a major impact on the

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... glacial period have had profound effects on plant and animal communities in North America.Adaptations to climate change and extensive range expansion (e.g., migrations) have characterizedplant ... global climate are expected as a result of alterations in thermal regime and hydrologic characteristics Many aquatic organismsare adapted to a relatively narrow range of temperature In particular, ... used as an indicator of salmon abundance over the 300-year period.Sea surface temperatures are based on tree ring analyses There was a positive relationship between salmonabundance and sea surface

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Oli, Kathrin, Sandra, Sâsa, Klaus and Käthe, Fränze and Dennis, Martina and Jörg, Michl and Hanna, Marco, Hannah, Sara, Frank and Heide, Sonja and Luis, Alessandro, Sarah, Vivian, Ariel and Isabel ... Table 4: Average herd size of llamas in Ayopaya region, Bolivia .32 Table 5: Selection data for breeding male llamas in Ayopaya 34 Table 6: Selection data for female llamas in Ayopaya ... traditional llama husbandry and breeding management activities in the Ayopaya region, Bolivia Traditional selection traits for male and female llamas are documented and assessed by a ranking and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2016, 10:00

... reactions (Slater 1984) As a final example, enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation In such a case, more metal ion is available to catalyze the ... may be determined by DNA modifications accrued during an individual’s life DNA can be damaged by contaminants or their metabolites that are free radicals or can facilitate free radical2 generation ... that consume oxyradicals or oxyradical-generating chemicals Antioxidants include catecholamines, glutathione, uric acid, and VitaminsA, C, and E Enzymes include superoxide dismutase, catalase,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... understanding by presenting sound information, organizing it around explanations (paradigms) emerging at each level, and then integrating information and paradigms into a consonant whole This goal ... holism, and macroexplanation In the modified Janus context, they are equally appropriate vantages of explanation and inquiry applicable to the different “faces” of any holon It is inconceivable that ... of a consistent association was probably made in what many would describe as a holistic study Some macroexplanation may have been applied based on paradigms from the next highest level Macroexplanation...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... soma and how it manages to survive For example, a wildlife manager concerned with a specific game bird species might take an autecological vantage to managing that particular species Another example ... in adults in that particular part of the estuary particular habitat can sustain As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisance blue-green algal species in a freshwater lake ... well-established autecological approach and, in this case, produced a reasonable conclusion They also adopted, with minimal adaptation, a technological paradigm from mammaliam toxicology—the LC50/LD50 Staying...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... emerge can be illustrated using oxidative damage of cellular DNA (see Beckman and Ames (1997) for a recent review) The cell has a finite capacity to resist oxidative damage and accrues DNA damage above ... Ecotoxicology: A Comprehensive Treatment 44 capacity for oxidative phosphorylation (La Via and Hill 1971) Pyknosis, the condensation of the nuclear material into a dark staining mass, is also characteristic ... contaminated areas than those from reference sites Shugart (1988) used an alkaline unwinding assay to get a relative measure of DNA strand breakage in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and fathead...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Oligocheates have metanephridia that excrete ammonia or urea Crustaceans excrete primarily ammonia via antennal glands and insects have Malpighian tubules that excrete uric acid Both crustaceans and insects ... cerebellum (Acquaah-Mensah et al 2001) Acrylamide, a chemical contaminant that has been found in some foods, can cause axon damage, producing loss of coordination (ataxia) and skeletal muscle weakness ... sodium and chloride ion transport across amphibian skin (Cassano et al 2000, 2003) 5.3 ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH GAS EXCHANGE Respiratory organs have intimate contact and exchange with the external...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... (Gibaldi 1991) For example, metals such as lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman and Klaassen 1996) Abou-Donia et al (2002) also make the generalization ... can also be moved across cell membranes via OATs Toxicants present as organic anions are subject to renal elimination via this mechanism, but kidney damage can occur if a toxicant was accumulated ... removal of the organic chemical or its metabolites can occur via a variety of other mechanisms, for example, organic anion removal via OATs Inorganic toxicants can also undergo changes after...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... formulations: rate-constant-based, clearance-volumebased, and fugacity-based formulations All are equivalent in their basic forms, but each formulation has its own advantages and disadvantages (Newman and ... SUMMARY In this chapter, the basic quantitative approaches applied to bioaccumulation were described as well as the basic approaches to estimating bioavailability Rate constant-, clearance-, and ... Mackay and his colleagues seems an appropriate way to illustrate the value and universal applicability of fugacity-based contaminant modeling Fugacity-based models have been so influential that...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20