2—composite materials and processes

... Cu and due to the absence of any compound formation between Cu and Ta, and between Cu and N [5] Diffusion barriers are used to prevent degradation of devices as a result of poor adhesion and ... two orders of magnitude and provide high sensitivity to the analysis of oxygen and carbon in silicon The use of these high energies, 3.05 and 3.7 MeV for the helium-oxygen and helium-nitrogen resonances ... Jose, CA, 1994 [3] J Li, J W Mayer, Y Shacham-Diamand, E G Colgan, Appl Phys Lett 60 2983(1992) [4] D Adams, and T L Alford, Materials Science and Engineering: Reports 40, 207(2003) [5] T Iijima,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... (DBAE-9-branch-A) and 2,6-dimethylheptane-4-yl 3,5-diaminobenzoate (DBAE-9-branch-B) were introduced in these polyimides, and the homopolyimides based on BTDA/ DBAE-9-branch-A and BTDA/ DBAE-9-branch-B, and ... 12G1-AG-Terphenyldiamine and 12G2-AG-12G1-AG-Terphenyldiamine were shown in Fig 9 and these spectrum show the strong absorptions based on C-H bonds of long-chain alky groups and the strong absorptions ... more effective for the enhancement of solubility in comparison to ADBP On the other hand, all homopolyimides and copolyimide based on BTDA/DBAE-8~14/DDE were insoluble in NMP probably due to the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... engineering materials for decades The most widely recognized applications are prob- Trang 2164 COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND MECHANICAL DESIGN ably boats, electrical equipment, and automobile and truck ... and illustrate the potential for composite materials in various aspects of mechanical engineering 9.5.1 Aerospace and Defense Composites are baseline materials in a wide range of aerospace and ... are the workhorse materials for most aerospace and defense applications Standard modulus and intermediate modulus carbon fibers are the leading reinforcements, followed by aramid and glass Boron...

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2013, 01:18

... shorter and more iterative design and manufacturing processes, • Simplify procurement and acquisition processes, • Update standards and testing procedures to make it easier to introduce new materials ... process and to modify the materials, fabrication processes, and systems as needed Agile manufacturing processes2 are needed for all stages in materials development—from research to prototyping and ... understand and respect the values, working styles, and goals of different groups and who can also effectively initiate and sustain communication among the stakeholders across all organizational and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 11:20

... Trang 1FEATURES OF LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY MATERIALS AND PROCESSES Edited by Natalia V Kamanina   Trang 2Features of Liquid Crystal Display Materials and Processes Edited by Natalia V Kamanina ... Features of Liquid Crystal Display Materials and Processes, Edited by Natalia V Kamanina p cm ISBN 978-953-307-899-1 Trang 3free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com ... 5Contents   Preface IX Part 1 Materials and Interfaces 1 Chapter 1 Polyimides Bearing Long-Chain Alkyl Groups and Their Application for Liquid Crystal Alignment Layer and Printed Electronics 3...

Ngày tải lên: 26/06/2014, 23:20

... Engineering Materials and Processes ISSN 1619-0181 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Adams, Daniel Silver metallization : stability and reliability - (Engineering materials and processes) ... Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons M Durand-Charre Phase Diagrams and Heterogeneous Equilibria B Predel, M Hoch and M Pool Computational Mechanics of Composite Materials M Kamiński Gallium ... Trang 1Engineering Materials and Processes Trang 2Series Editor Professor Brian Derby, Professor of Materials Science Manchester Materials Science Centre, Grosvenor Street,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... content and composition of the TaN films The 3. 0 MeV and 3. 7 MeV beam energies correspond to oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) resonances, respectively, and were used to detect O and N... ... measurements and the film thickness measured by a Tencor α-step profilometer Diffusion Barriers and Self-encapsulation 31 XRD and RBS analysis using the same parameters and conditions... ... Diffusion Barriers and Self-encapsulation 25 Figure 3.4. RBS spectra showing only the depth distributions of Ag and Ti of a 210-nm thick Ag(19 at.% Ti) alloy, before and after annealing...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... resistivity of materials depends on their purity and microstructure Impurities and structural imperfections such as grain boundaries, dislocations and vacancies contribute to electron scattering and hence ... Nishiyama and H Iwai, Extended Abstracts Conf On Solid State Devices and Materials, Makuhari, 1993 [12] D Adams, B A Julies, J W Mayer and T L Alford Thin Solid Films 332, 235(1998) [13] A W Czandema, ... leading edge of the silicon (Figure 3.12a and b), and the presence of Ta, Ag and Si at the surface The failure of the TaN barrier in contact with Ag and Si is driven predominantly by the large...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... dielectric constant, the materials must have a good adhesion to silicon and to interconnect materials and thermal stability Thermal stability is important to device characteristics and reliability The ... resistivity interconnect materials, copper is being considered as a good candidate However, copper diffuses very fast in different materials Hence, the lower resistivity and relatively noble metal, ... and annealed Ag films on Pa-n Energy of 3.7 MeV was used for RBS analysis and corresponds to the resonance energy for nitrogen [8] It also enhances carbon and oxygen signals in the spectra and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... competition between the movement through the Ag and the trapping of Al in the Ag film [12] The retardation is influenced by both chemical affinity between Al and Ag and the interfacial barrier at the Ag/Al-oxynitride ... hillock and hole formation occurs and hence extensive surface roughness as well A combination of chemical temperature-enhanced effects such as chemical affinity, interfacial energy, and internal ... Al oxide surface layer and the limited reaction between Al and the underlying SiO2 substrate Therefore, annealing a Ag/Al bilayer on SiO2 in ambients such as Ar, He–H, and NH3, not only prevented...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... samples were tested for both test configurations (samples A, B, C, and D for bare Ag patterns, and samples A′, B′, C′, and D′ for and NH3 -annealed Ag patterns) The average of four failure times ... metal alloys and bilayers on silicon dioxide substrates during self-encapsulation in an NH3 ambient Adams et al [1] and Zou et al [2] studied the dealloying kinetics of Ag (Ti), Cu (Ti) and Cu (Cr) ... backscattering spectrometry (RBS) using a 2 MeV and 3.7 MeV He+ 2 beams at 7° tilt and total accumulated charge of 10–20 µC were used to determine the composition and thickness of the samples The 3.7 MeV...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... of factors such as Al thickness and trapping of Al in the silver on the transport kinetics and subsequent formation of the surface oxide The curves in Figure 6.8a and b show the transport ratio ... annealing temperature and annealing time At higher temperatures and times, more Al moves to the free surface A high residual Al, however, remains in the Ag(200 nm)/Al(20 nm) and Ag(200 nm)/Al(30 ... between Al and Ag, the formation of a solid solution, intermetallic compound formation, a competition between the trapping of Al by the Ag and the diffusion of Al to the reaction surface, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... the CoSi2 and NiSi interfaces in conjunction with a Ti-O-N diffusion barrier [20] The discussion is divided into two sections, CoSi2 and NiSi Each section discusses the behavior of Ag and barrier ... 2 MeV and 3.7 MeV alpha particles Sample and detector were in the Cornell geometry arrangement such that the backscatter detector is directly below the incident beam; the incident beam and the ... film allows the Co and Si signals to move forward to their respective RBS surface peak energies Optical imaging analysis of the as-deposited and the annealed Ag films at 600, 650, and 700oC suggested...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... use CHAPTER 2—COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES 2.1—Introduction Composites are a materials system The term “composite” can be applied to any combination of two or more separate materials having ... chapter, the major materials used in composite systems were identified and discussed The interactions between the form and physical nature of these materials and the molding processes, a relationship ... (25 mm) of cover, and ft (1500 mm) of length were cast Beams one and two were simply supported and loaded at a single location; and beams three and four were simply supported and loaded at two...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 17:25

... melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura and showed that these elements were also found preferentially near genes encoding transcription factors and developmental regulatory genes D melanogaster and ... transcription regulation and development in both H sapiens and C elegans Figure CNEs are associated with genes involved in transcription regulation and development in both H sapiens and C elegans The ... terms and these are the terms we have used in this paper GOslim term associations and counts for C elegans and human genes were calculated using the Perl script map2slim from the go-perl package and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 17:22

... The nucleus is large and distinct in the larger species, and has a noticeably large and conspicuous nucleolus The most noticeable thing about the cell is the green spiral bands running around ... filament This branch becomes club-shaped, and the end somewhat pointed and more slender, and curves over This slender, curved portion is almost colorless, and is soon shut off from the rest of the ... forcing ordinary sewing needles into handles of pine or other soft wood); a hand lens; drawing-paper and pencil, and a note book For the study of the lower plants, as well as the histology of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 12:20

... function and viscosity coefficient at free boundaries, see Yang and Zhao [10], Yang and Zhu [11], Vong et al [12], Fang and Zhang [13,14], Qin et al [15], authors studied the global existence and ... Theorem 3.1 and Lemma 4.2, implies t t ||utxx ||2 + ||utxxx ||2 (s)ds B1 (s)ds ≤ C2 (T) + ε (4:26) On the other hand, differentiating (1.9) with respect to x and t, and using Theorem 3.1 and Lemma ... initial data When f ≠ 0, Qin and Zhao [16] proved the global existence and asymptotic behavior for g = and μ = const with boundary conditions u(0,t) = u(1,t) = 0; Zhang and Fang [17] established...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... Structures, by Yaun-Yu Hsieh and S T Mau, 4th edition, Prentice Hall, 1995, and Matrix Structural Analysis, by William McGuire and Richard H Gallagher, John Wiley and Sons, 1979 90 Truss Analysis: ... primary structure can be obtained by removing the supports at node c and node d Denoting the reaction at node c and node d as Rc and Rd, respectively, the original 86 Truss Analysis: Force Method, ... column and show all the internal as well as external forces acting on the element 93 Beam and Frame Analysis: Force Method, Part I by S T Mau M M T T V V Beam or column element with internal and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

... shape to those of a simply supported beam and are shown below together with the influence lines of FIJ, FCD, and FCJ which are obtained by cut -and- paste of and applying the proper factors to the ... (1) (2) Construct the influence lines of VbL and VbR of the beam shown and find the maximum value of each for a distributed load of intensity 10 kN/m and indefinite length of coverage a c 5m b ... unit load at joint i is Si and the member force S due to a downward unit load at joint j is Sj, then the member force due to a unit load applied between joints i and j and located from joint i...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20