physiology and biochemistry of saliva secretion

... H Shimano Physiology and pathophysiology of the SREBP family SREBP-1c and lipogenesis The SREBP family consists of three isoforms: SREBP1a, SREBP-1c, and SREBP-2 Each isoform has a different ... conditions of overnutrition, SREBP-1c expression is elevated, and consequently, the levels of nuclear SREBP-1c protein and lipogenesis are enhanced in the liver and adipose tissues Intake of energy ... p21, p27, and p16, and causes cell cycle arrest Feedback Glucose G6PD Glc6P Fig Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by SREBPs Acetyl-CoA is produced from glycolysis of glucose, and passed...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 13:20

... Summary of Principles 24 a The propagation of offspring and the protection and support of the young and defenseless, always involve sacrifice on the part 24 of the parents and the stronger members of ... principle of biology was first discovered and formulated by the great German Biologist, Weissmann Summary of Principles a The propagation of offspring and the protection and support of the young and ... at first appear The use of brain, muscle and glands and the consumption of the cell substances of these tissues results in the development of the nerve, muscle [34 ]and gland cells into a condition...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 13:20

... understanding how mycorrhizae affect host nutrition and physiology With the use of new techniques and methods, we are now able to understand not only how fungi affect nutrient uptake and tree ... mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Douglas fir seedling roots during a short uptake period (Bledsoe and Rygiewicz, 1986) Influx and efflux of cations (ammonium, potassium, calcium, H and anions ) ... by Ritter and coworkers shows effects of liming soils on species diversity of fungi In nutritional stu- dies, Rousseau and Reid from Florida, USA, have focused on phosphorus uptake and translocation,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... provides the basis for a broad understanding of the anatomy and function of the ear and the auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing ... Impairment of Sound Conduction in the Cochlea 213 3.4 Accuracy of Measurements of Conductive Hearing Loss 213 3.5 Implications of Impairment of Conduction of Sound to the Cochlea 214 Pathologies of the ... comprehensive coverage of disorders of the auditory system emphasizing the interaction between pathologies of the middle ear and the cochlea and the function of the nervous system and vice versa Hyperactive...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... Recognition of the role of a resonant system consisting of the tectorial membrane and the hairs of hair cells by Zwislocki and co-workers [169] may be regarded as a fourth epoch in our understanding of ... pathophysiology of some forms of progressive adult deafness and understanding of the processes that underlies this transformation opens new prospects for understanding of some forms of genetically ... angle (of the vector) (Fig 2.14B) The impedance of a capacitor and an inductance has pure imaginary values of opposite signs; impedance of a capacitor decreases as a function of the frequency and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... assume that a better understanding of these aspects of the function of the auditory nervous system is important for understanding many disorders of the auditory system and it is a necessity for ... of the anatomy and physiology of the auditory nervous system of clinical importance Most studies of the function of the auditory system have aimed at the coding of different kinds of sounds in ... microphone to a bank of filters the center frequencies of which are distributed over the range of frequencies of interest The energy of the output of each filter displayed as a function of the filter’s...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... humans have helped in the understanding of some of the differences between the human auditory nervous system and that of small animals often used in studies of the auditory system Several investigators ... caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of the ventral ... stimuli overlap, and the amplitude of one of the two peaks may increase because the N1 peak of one response coincides with the N2 peak of the previous response When the rate of the stimulus presentation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... components of broad band sounds will elicit contractions of the stapedius muscle when the intensities of these components are above the threshold of the reflex and that will cause attenuation of low ... result of exposure to band pass filtered noise (centered at 0.5 kHz, 0.3 kHz wide), for Mean values from 18 subjects and standard error of the mean are shown as a function of the intensity of the ... L, and Syka J The responses of neurons in subdivisions of the inferior colliculus of cats to tonal, noise and vocal stimuli Exp Brain Res 98: 53–64, 1994 Andersen P, Eccles JC, Schmidt RF, and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... understanding the pathology of many disorders and for treatment of disorders of the nervous system, including disorders of hearing Many forms of plasticity that cause signs and symptoms of disease ... initiator of the expression of neural plasticity Treatment of such disorders is hampered by lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of such disorders Since plastic changes in function of the ... stimulation, and by injuries of various kinds The success in the use of prosthetic devices, such as cochlear implants and brainstem implants, has supported this view of flexibility of the function of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... and electrical stimulation of the ear and of the somatosensory system and, more recently, of the auditory cerebral cortex Surgical treatments such as severance of the auditory nerve and MVD of ... availability of satellites and later by fiber optic cables Both of these techniques offered inexpensive bandwidth for transmission of speech sounds and even signals that require much larger bandwidth ... type of hearing loss is normally caused by impaired function of outer hair cells, and therefore impairment of the cochlear amplifier and impairment of the automatic gain control Recruitment of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... stimulation of various effector enzymes and formation of second messengers, leading to aggregation and secretion of granule contents Specific mechanisms involved in the process of centralization of granules ... development of stickiness, adhesion, change in shape, irreversible aggregation and secretion of granule contents Platelet activation is a prerequisite for the formation of a hemostatic plug and arrest of ... stimulation of phospholipases and formation of second messengers that facilitate mobilization of cytosolic free calcium, centralization of granules, assembly of filamentous actin, expression of binding...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 05:20

... effects of increased Ca++ and PKC in cells are system-specific and explain many of the physiological consequences of serotonin activation One effect of PKC activation is the uncoupling of 5HT1A ... system, influences the deposition of body fat, regulates the production of prolactin and other hormones, and increases sodium and water retention [41] Independent of estrogen, serotonin regulates ... timing of onset, and effectiveness of treatment of depression in women may be mediated by estrogen's effect on serotonin receptors The onset of depression in women is a characteristic of times...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 14:20

... Bending of DNA There are numerous examples of protein-induced bending of DNA The bending of a short segment of DNA (150-200 bp) leads to a loss of stacking interactions of the pelectron system of ... Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptors 188 Ligand Binding 191 Mechanism of Signal Transmission 192 Switching Off and Desensitization of 7-Helix Transmembrane Receptors 192 Dimerization of GPCRs ... Mechanistic Aspects of the Switch Function of G Proteins 208 Structure and Function of the bc-Complex 215 Membrane Association of the G Proteins 217 Regulators of G Proteins: Phosducin and RGS Proteins...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:41

... for a more complete understanding of its mechanisms of action and therefore, for a better assessment of its antitumor efficacy The experimental hepatic colonization of B16 melanoma (B16M) is a ... by inhibiting the secretion and effects of interleukin-18 Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:59 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online ... (Collagen Biomaterials, Palo Alto, CA) and allowed to spread for 45 at 37°C and 5% CO2 Enzyme immunoassay of IL-18 concentration in hepatic blood and supernatants of cultured cells Serum samples were...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... cycles Standards of 106 to 10 copies per reaction of C trachomatis pgp3 amplicons and negative controls were included in each PCR reaction to generate a standard curve and quantities of the unknown ... Binder Candida, Trichomonas vaginalis and clue cells A few drops of saline was used to make a wet preparation of the high vaginal swab and observed under a light microscope for the presence of Candida, ... Thirty-five out of 70 (50%) were diagnosed as having Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Twenty-nine of 70 (41%) subjects had Candida and Trichomonas vaginalis was found in out of 70 (10%) Eight out of 62 (13%)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... Epithelial mucus-hypersecretion and respiratory disease Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2005, 4:651-64 Rogers DF: Physiology of airway mucus secretion and pathophysiology of hypersecretion Respir ... increase of mucus secretion up to 205 ± 49% of baseline levels The addition of montelukast (10 µM) to the culture medium had no significant effect on the secretion levels (95 ± 6%) Combination of PAF ... stimulates secretion significantly to levels up to 185 ± 10% of baseline Application of WEB 2086 (100 µM) led to a moderate suppression of baseline secretion (85 ± 5%) Co-administration of PAF (100...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... wrinkles and microfibrils in the outer layers of the fibre wall structure (Figure 1a) The surface structure of chemical pulp Figure Structure of wood pulp fibres (a) Note the network of microfibrils ... microfibrils, see also [16] According to Meier [13], microfibrils are agglomerates of elementary fibrils and always have diameters which are multiples of 3.5 nm (Figures 1c and 2) The bundling of ... fibril and supermolecular structure of cellulose in soft wood fiber J Ultrastructure research 1969, 26:52-68 Meier H: Chemical and morphological aspects of the fine structure of wood Pure and applied...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20