β signaling in neurogenic regions after brain injury

... Deficit After Brain Injury This page intentionally left blank Awareness of Deficit After Brain Injury Clinical and Theoretical Issues Edited by GEORGE P PRIGATANO Barrow Neurological Institute ... OF DEFICIT AFTER BRAIN INJURY Figure 1-7 Edwin A Weinstein, (Courtesy of Dr Edwin Weinstein.) M.D obtained—material which is new to the self-observer—it is possible to achieve the interpretation ... making the point that a lack of awareness could result from a focal lesion as opposed to diffuse brain injury, producing a general decline in higher cerebral functioning (Friedland and Weinstein,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 09:45

... randomized clinical trial in patients with acquired brain injury José-Antonio Gil-Gómez1*, Roberto Lloréns1, Mariano Alcañiz1,3 and Carolina Colomer2 Abstract Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) ... patient to play in standing or in sitting position to improve balance control in both conditions In standing position the patients are required to maintain their soles on the WBB In sitting position, ... only in the field of motor domain [47] but also in those processes involving perceptual learning [48] and cognitive recovery [49] According to these principles, the greatest effects of training in...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... Thoracic injury 0.13 Abdominal injury 0.34 Extremities injury 0.20 Diffuse injury without brain swelling 12 0.046 Diffuse bilateral brain swelling 12 Diffuse unilateral brain swelling with midline ... reactivity (n)a One reacting Both reactingb 12 14 Diffuse injury without brain swelling Diffuse bilateral brain swelling Diffuse injury unilateral brain swelling with midline shift Any mass lesion ... responsible for designing the study and reviewing CT findings JI was responsible for designing the study and reviewing CT findings JI revised the article critically and gave final approval to the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... Commentary Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is devastating with catastrophic consequences Early recognition of injury and prompt delivery of focused care of the traumatic brain injured patient is essential ... traumatic brain injury Analyses were conducted in all patients and in subgroups according to severity of traumatic brain injury The authors found that resuscitation with albumin was associated ... relative merits of albumin versus saline In 1998, a meta-analysis by the Cochrane Injuries Group concluded that the administration of albumin containing fluids to the critically ill increased absolute...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:21

... pathogenesis of brain injury This study found increased plasma resistin level after acute (< hours) severe TBI in association with a worse clinical outcome It is well known that high plasma resistin levels ... resistin level as an independent predictor of mortality Overall, it was suggested that plasma resistin level in this early period might reflect the initial brain injury The present work is a single-institution ... increased plasma resistin level is found and associated with GCS score and mortality after TBI Key messages • In patients with traumatic brain injury, plasma resistin level increased during the 6-hour...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... succumbing to their injuries [11], and this syndrome can deteriorate and develop into severe sepsis [12] After burn injury, there is a dramatic increase in proinflammatory cytokines in brain as ... permeability in burn injury in rats [30], we hypothesized that, in severe burn injury of mice, a single dose of gelsolin might attenuate neuroinflammation, which might ultimately protect the brain from injurious ... status in brain at 72 h pb, implicating delayed activation of microglial proliferation and/or activation responses after thermal injury Caspase-3 activation in the brain was inhibited by gelsolin infusion...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... resuscitation in patients with brain injury after major trauma The validation of ScvO2 in monitoring of cerebral metabolism and as a target for hemodynamic resuscitation in polytraumatized patients remains ... relevant in the day to day clinical practice In consideration of our results, ScvO2should be never considered as a substitute of lactate monitoring or injury scores in predicting outcome In addition ... be adequately investigated Limits of present findings merit considerations 1) We did not included data on fluids administration in the first 24 hours, brain damages evolutions, intracranial pressure,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... hemicraniectomy in normal brain An experimental PET-study in cats Brain Res 2003;982:31-37 37 Sakamoto S, Eguchi K, Kiura Y, et al CT perfusion imaging in the syndrome of the sinking skin flap before and after ... of interest exists References 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Timofeev I., Hutchinson PJ Outcome after surgical decompression of severe traumatic brain injury Injury 2006;37:1125-1132 Coplin WM Intracranial ... Teasdale GM, et al EBIC-guidelines for management of severe head injury in adults European Brain Injury Consortium Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997;139:286-294 The Brain Trauma Foundation The American...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:40

... Traumatic brain injury (ICP CONTROL) Traumatic brain injury ( outcome) Stroke Fever in patients with neurological injury Subarachnoid hemorrhage- vasospasm prevention Intraoperative hypothermia for intracerebral ... problem with surface cooling is cold injury, causing pressure ulcers and Therapeutic Hypothermia in Brain Injury skin breakdown Surface cooling is less efficient in reducing the temperature of ... elevation during rewarming, again no definite recommendations are available, but most experts will proceed with repeat cooling It could be that in traumatic brain injury, other therapies, including cerebrospinal...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20

... http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/3/1/15 brain trauma) or after the blood -brain barrier (BBB) breakdown that occurs following brain injury [53] Evidence, both in vivo [46,54,55] and in vitro [56,57] indicate ... normal brain and are induced by injury In a damaged brain, this increase is primarily associated with reactive glia that surround the injury site [61] The astrocytes respond to CNS injury by forming ... to injury Since IL- 1β is usually present in elevated quantities in and around sites of injury, it has been cast in a negative light in the context of CNS injury and diseases [11,13,47-49] In...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... (in 0.1% milk in PBS containing 0.05% TWEEN) and murine recombinant mouse C5a at defined concentrations for establishing the standard curve After incubation and subsequent washing steps, biotinylated ... staining of brain tissue section using an anti-CD11b Ab revealed infiltration of CD11b-positive inflammatory cells at the contusion site of brain- injured mice in the placebo group, but not in ... JW, Stover JF, McIntosh TK: Pharmacology of traumatic brain injury Curr Opin Pharmacol 2003, 3(1):27-32 Doppenberg EM, Choi SC, Bullock R: Clinical trials in traumatic brain injury: lessons for...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... dominant role early in the response to ischemia because infiltrating leukocytes not appear in substantial numbers in the brain until 24 hr following injury [4] Stroke also induces an acute inflammatory ... without influencing pro-inflammatory cytokine production [3,31] In particular, administration of the NFB inhibitor Tat-NEMO Binding Domain provided protection against hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal ... cytokine and chemokine response in the blood paralleled the pattern of gene expression in the brain Overall, inflammatory cytokine protein levels were similarly induced in LPS and saline preconditioned...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Post -Injury (hours) E * D Brain IL-2 (pg/mg protein) Brain TNF (pg/mg protein) B Time Post -Injury (hours) C Brain IL-4 (pg/mg protein) * Brain IL-1 (pg/mg protein) Brain IL-6 (pg/mg protein) A Page of 16 ... Post -Injury (hours) Figure Increase in brain edema does not differ in traumatic axonal injury rats with or without hypoxia Brain water content was determined at 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post -injury, ... severe traumatic brain injury in adults Lancet Neurol 2008, 7:728-741 Gaetz M: The neurophysiology of brain injury Clin Neurophysiol 2004, 115:4-18 Masel BE, DeWitt DS: Traumatic brain injury: A disease...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... altered in MT-I/II -/- mice after brain injury and may explain the differences observed in T cell infiltration in MT-I/II-/- mice Conclusions MT-I/II expression is increased in the brain after brain ... altered immune response present in MT-I/II-/- mice occurs in later stages of brain injury The significant findings of increased T cell infiltrate into the injury site, increased levels of IL-2, prolonged ... mRNA in the brain and circulating monocytes, both before and after injury, suggests that at least some aspects of the altered immune response in MT-I/II -/- mice are independent of brain injury...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... worsening of acute brain injury [1] In particular two pro-inflammatory members of the IL-1 family of cytokines, IL-1α and IL- 1β, are considered the major effectors of injury, and inhibiting their ... co-staining, localized IL1α expressing microglia mainly to the penumbral tissue surrounding the infarct (Figure 2B) IgG cannot cross an intact blood brain barrier (BBB) and its presence in the brain ... IL- 1β are key contributors to ischemic brain injury However, there is very little evidence that IL-1 expression occurs at the protein level early enough (within hours) to influence brain damage after...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... days after the operation The asterisk indicates the site of injury (occupied by debris) The dashed line indicates the margin of the injury site level in vivo in a mouse model of joint surface injury ... Mankin score 5) (j-m) Immunostaining for β catenin in parallel, non-consecutive sections of (h) and (i) (j-l) Indirect immunofluorescence stainings for β catenin from a parallel section in the ... pathway after mice mechanical injury in vivo in mice week old C57BL/6 male mice were challenged in a model of joint surface injury in vivo In this model the knee joint surface is exposed by medial...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... the injuryinduced decrease in expression (M = 74.93) [F(3,9) = 14.907, p < 01], indicating DZ decreased α3 expression, regardless of injury condition DZ normalized γ2 injuryinduced decreases in ... decrease at 24 hours may indicate greater γ2-containing GABAAR clustering and greater BZ binding potential during the first few hours after injury, therefore providing a widow of initial therapeutic ... subunits in the brain typically form a limited number of receptor combinations [23] Reportedly, the following subunits combine to form nearly 80% of the GABAAR combinations in the rat brain: α1-3, β2 -3,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... use Nissl stain and brain injury score Coronal brain sections corresponding to plate 18 and 31 according to the rat brain atlas [21] were examined The selected brain sections were stained with 0.5% ... hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats reduced brain injury score, improved myelination, decreased hippocampal apoptotic cell death, and restored learning and memory deficit Induction of GLT1 protein ... hypoxia-ischemia induced brain damage Ceftriaxone attenuated hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury in neonatal rats White matter damage was also observed in this rodent model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:20

... of mind after traumatic brain injury Neuropsychologia 2005, 43:99-114 Havet-Thomassin V, Allain P, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Le Gall D: What about theory of mind after severe brain injury? Brain Injury ... factors in brain injury- associated personality change Brain Injury 1994, 8(3):265-276 Turkstra LS, Dixon TM, Baker KK: Theory of Mind and social beliefs in adolescents with traumatic brain injury ... traumatic brain injury Brain Injury 1996, 10:319-327 Ashman TA, Spielman SA, Hibbard MR, Silver JM, Chandna T, Gordon WA: Psychiatric challenges in the first years after traumatic brain injury: ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:22

... Results Biomarker concentrations in the setting of acute knee injury To gain an understanding of the effect of joint injury on joint tissue turnover and pathology, we investigated 20 Catterall et ... baseline enrollment time of 15.2 ± 7.2 days after injury and a mean follow-up time of 47.6 ± 12.4 days after injury with samples collected at time of surgery The joint pathology was defined by clinical ... caused during the initial traumatic and inflammatory event coupled with possible long term changes to joint loading After injury, it is proposed that abnormal joint motion and loading lead to...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22