§ 2 1 energy entropy and availability balances
linear entropy and squeezing of the interaction between two quantum system described by su 1 1 and su 2 lie group in presence of two external terms
... ω1 aˆ † aˆ + ω2 bˆ † bˆ + ω3 cˆ † cˆ + g aˆ † bˆ (1) a E-mail: m.sebaweh@physics.org 2158-3226/2017/7(1)/015013/12 7, 015013-1 © Author(s) 2017 015013-2 Abdalla et al AIP Advances 7, 015013 (2017) ... sin2 η cos2 η 21 sin 2η σ ˆz − sin 2η − sin 2η cos 2η Sˆ + Sˆ − , Sˆ z (16) here we take 2λ1 ϑ = tanh−1 , ω η= 2λ2 tan−1 ω0 (17) 015013-4 Abdalla et al AIP Advances 7, 015013 (2017) From eqs (15) ... Cambridge, 2005), pp 108–110 (appendix A) 19 F A A El-Orany, J Mod Opt 56, 99 (2009) 20 P L Knight and P M Radamore, Phys Lett A 90, 342 (1982) 21 H I Yoo and J H Eberly, Phys Rev 118, 239 (1981) 22 M
Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 15:02
Grunwald and Rösch Energy, Sustainability and Society 2011, 1:3 pot
... (1) + (1) + (1) + (1) - (4) 0/- (2) - - (5) 0 (3) 0 (3) Conservation of soil 0 (1) 0 (1) 0 (1) 0 (1) - (2) 0 (1) - - (3) - (2) - (2) Protection of the ground and surface water 0 (1) 0 (1) 0 (1) ... 5 October 2011 Accepted: 21 November 2011 Published: 21 November 2011 References 1. WCED - World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our common future. Oxford, New York 2. Grunwald ... 9(2/3):144–161 doi:10.1186/2192-0567-1-3 Cite this article as: Grunwald and Rösch: Sustainability assessment of energy technologies: towards an integrative framework. Energy, Sustainability and
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20
Báo cáo hóa học: "Research Article Time-Frequency and Time-Scale-Based Fragile Watermarking Methods for Image Authentication Braham Barkat1 and Farook Sattar (EURASIP Member)2 1 Department 2 Faculty" pdf
... left eye region) 1 137 144 256 Magnitude of the extracted chirp signal 1.3 1.25 1.2 129 (135, 138) 1.15 136 1.1 144 16 × authentication block with index 281 1.05 0.95 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 ... 15.74 80% 35.94 0.0641 11.93 70% 34.41 0.0956 10.19 60% 33.34 0.1061 9.74 50% 32.56 0.1227 9.11 w mag (i) − , Nw i=1 given by 267, 268, 283, 284, 299, 300, 315, 316, 331, and 332, exactly match the ... chirp signal 1.3 1.2 Pixel location (161, 129) 1.1 Block index 267 283 299 315 331 284 300 316 332 (161, 168) 0.9 0.8 16 × authentication block 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20
THERMODYNAMIC MODELING, ENERGY EQUIPARTITION, AND NONCONSERVATION OF ENTROPY FOR DISCRETE-TIME pptx
... from (3.2), Axioms 2 and 3, and the fact that x/(x +1) ≤ log e (1 + x), x>−1 284 Thermodynamic modeling for discrete-time systems that k f −1 k=k 0 q i=1 Q i (k) c + E i (k +1) = k f −1 ... +1) =− k f −1 k=k 0 q−1 i=1 q j=i+1 φ ij E(k) E j (k +1)− E i (k +1) c + E i (k +1) c + E j (k +1) ≤ 0, (3.14) which proves (3.13). Alternatively, equality holds in (3.13)ifandonlyif ... +1) ≤ q i=1 log e c + E i k f c + E i k 0 − k f −1 k=k 0 q i=1 q j=1, j=i φ ij E(k) c + E i (k +1) =− k f −1 k=k 0 q−1 i=1 q j=i+1 φ ij E(k) c + E i (k +1)
Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 2 Part 11 doc
... 88, 90–104, 154–156, 161, 163–167, 173, 184, 194–195, 196–209, 216, 218, 225, 227, 231, 232, 235–238, 240–245, 252, 254–256, 274–275, 280, 289, 303, 312–315, 321–322, 323, 330, 332, 341, 351, 366, ... 410, 426, 448–451 CO 2 balances, 224–225 CO 2 mitigation, 223–224 Coal, 1–4, 12, 19, 24, 27, 29, 32, 35, 37, 43, 93, 110, 111, 119, 128–129, 134–137, 147, 160, 186, 218, 220, 236, 238, 240–241, ... 79–104, 110 –1 12, 116 , 118 , 120 , 122 , 124 , 128 – 129 , 161–1 62, 163, 168, 25 9 26 7, 26 9, 27 2, 27 3,... gas, 28 , 79, 80, 82, 99–101, 103, 104, 163, 21 6, 23 1, 25 4 25 5, 26
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 3 pot
... Fig. 2.18. Table 2.2 Version 4.8 NPP/GPP global sums (posted: 01 Feb 2007) a Year b GPP (Pg C/yr c )NPP d (Pg C/yr) 2000 111 53 2001 111 53 2002 107 51 2003 108 51 2004 109 52 2005 108 51 a Numerical ... scrub Rock, ice, and sand 11 30 900 830 810 560 36 0 32 0 290 270 230 230 230 16 0 65 57 32 15 2500 2000 18 00 18 00 12 50 800 700 650 600 500 500 – 36 0 14 0 12 5 70 – a www.vendian.org/envelope/Temporary.URL/draft-npp.html ... the Table 2.4 The 2003 US NPP by lumped ground cover classes Class a Area a 2003 US NPP b HHV c 10 6 ha 10 6 tha −1 yr −1 EJ yr −1 1 Cropland +Mosaic 219 1484.8 25.2 2 Pastures 123 142.3 2.4 3 Remote
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 4 pot
... .1) .3 8.0 Billions of gallons per year 7.0 6.0 5.0 4. 0 3.0 2.0 1. 0 Capacity* 2006 2007e 2005 20 04 2003 2002 20 01 2000 19 99 19 98 19 97 19 96 19 95 19 94 19 93 19 92 19 91 ... Other 185 1.6 190.20 1.4 196.52 1.4 Seed 19.30 0.2 20.17 0.2 23.33 0.2 Exports 1,941.35 16.7 2,147.34 16.2 1,885.72 13.2 FAPRI U.S. and world agriculture outlook, 2007. [...]... (5 .4 bgpy) supplied ... Production 67 $- $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 FAPRI U.S. and world a g ricultural outlook, 2007 Fig. 3.2 U.S. corn prices
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 5 potx
... ethanol) 1 2007 2008 Average 2006 12 1. 05 1. 25 1. 05 1. 25 1. 05 1. 30 1. 00 1. 25 1. 45 1. 75 12 .55 15 . 15 11 .90 14 . 35 39–47% 1. 40 1. 70 12 . 45 15 . 05 11 .80 14 . 25 ... 21 4–7 84 16 7 31 56 ... 11 .80 14 . 25 46 56 % 1. 45 1. 75 12 .70 15 .30 12 . 05 14 .50 55 –66% 1. 40 1. 70 12 . 15 14 . 75 11 .50 13 . 95 50–66% 2.70 2. 25 1. 95 2. 05 GGE ... 750 48,220 80 3, 210 12 0 11 0 15 0 17 0 1, 100 17 0 220 680 3, 250 11 0 290 350 2 ,14 0 11 0 10 11 0 20 11 0 20 880 13 0 NC 51 0 NC 640 NC 740 NC 5, 010 Factors of Production – Capital
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 6 potx
... 1926, Tryon 1927, Cottrell 1955, Boulding 1966, Georgescu Roegan 1971, Odum 1971, Daly 1977, Herendeen and Bullard 1975, Hannon 1981, Kummel 1982, Kummel 1989, Jorgenson 1984 and 1988, Hall 1991, ... Kummel 1989, Jorgenson 1984 and 1988, Hall 1991, Hall et al. 1986 (and others), Cleveland 1991, Dung 1992, Ayers 1996, Cleveland and Ruth 1997, Hall 2000). While we are used to thinking about the ... activities: 19 63 –2000 Energy Research Group Doc No 3 16 Urbana:... (19 88) Productivity and economic growth in Japan and the United States The American Economic Review, 78: 217 –222 Herendeen,
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 7 pdf
... = 11.2% of fossil fuels And since fossil fuels supply 86% of all energy used in the U.S., this 11.2% is 0.112% × 0.86 = 10% of total energy used 12 Dr Smallwood and K Thelander reported that 2,300 ... given, 1.9 kW/ha, is calculated from the data on page 12 of OPTJ 3/1, namely an ethanol yield, net of liquid inputs, of 2776 liters/ha = 2776 × 21.25 × 106 = 59.0 GJ/ha/yr = 1.87 kW/ha On page 12 ... in every year the 27% capacity factors of 2000, 2002 and 2004, it would be necessary to store 1–(20/27) = 26% of the wind turbine’s best annual output, i.e that achieved with a 27% capacity factor
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 8 pdf
... (Costanza and Herendeen, 19 84 ; Watt, 19 89 ; Adams, 19 88 ; Smil, 19 91, 2003; Hall et al., 19 86 ; Gever et al., 19 91; Debeir et al., 19 91; Mayumi, 19 91, 20 01; Odum, 19 96; ... 19 71, 19 83 ; Rappaport, 19 71; Georgescu-Roegen, 19 71, 19 75; Leach, 19 76; Slesser, 19 78; Pimentel and Pimentel, 19 79; Morowitz, 19 79; Costanza, 19 80 ; Herendeen, 19 81 ... Biodiesel/Diesel Blends NREL/SR 510 - 314 60 Knothe, G (20 01) Historical perspectives on vegetable oil-based diesel fuels INFORM, 12 (11 ), 11 03 11 07 Ledford, H (2006) Liquid fuel synthesis:
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 9 pps
... R and Herendeen, R 19 84 Embodied energy and economic value in the United States Economy: 19 63, 19 67 and 19 72 Resources and Energy 6, 12 9 16 3 Cottrell, W.F 19 55 Energy ... S.I 2000 Aggregation and the role of energy in the economy Ecological Economics 32, 3 01 317 Costanza, R 19 80 Embodied energy and economic... 19 00 19 98 Energy 28(3), 2 19 –273 ... ETHANOL ENERGY → 66 .1 GJ/ha → 21. 5 GJ/liter CARRIERS OUTPUT TOTAL FOSSIL ENERGY → 61. 2 GJ/ha → 19 .9 GJ/liter CARRIERS INPUT OUTPUT/INPUT IN ENERGY → 1. 1 /1 → 1. 1 /1 CARRIERS
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 2 pps
... 22 T.W Patzek 18 0 16 0 World Oil Production US Oil Consumption Petroleum, EJ/Year 14 0 12 0 10 0 80 60 27 0 billion gallons of ethanol per year 40 20 20 00 20 20 20 40 20 60 20 80 21 00 21 20 21 40 21 60 21 80 ... 2, 690 kgb 2, 690 kgb 15 ,000 Le kgg kgg kgg 2, 546, 000 kcali 3 92 kWhi kcal/Ll 20 kg BODm ◦ 3 31 kcal/L 2, 550b 322 c 90f 16 5h 92h 384h 2, 546i 1, 011 i 9l 69n 3 31 7,569 28 7.36 21 .40d 21 .16 f 10 .60d 10 .60d ... production rate, (HHV) EJ/year 10 3 1 02 10 1 10 0 10 1 1880 19 00 1 920 19 40 19 60 19 80 20 00 20 20 Fig 2. 3 Exponential growth of world crude oil production between 18 80 and 19 70 proceeded at 6.6% per year...
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 2 Part 1 pot
... (1 – CR) = fraction of full crop rotation schedule that soybean is grown Disposition Overall 10 0 3 10 1 1 02 9 18 18 17 2 12 70 27 14 70 27 14 70 27 18 70 27 18 10 0 10 1 1 18 17 8 70 27 14 70 27 ... 10 +5 3.69 × 10 +6 3.43 × 10 +5 4.07 × 10 +5 2. 63 × 10 +5 1. 09 × 10 +5 1. 55 × 10 +5 2. 13 × 10 +5 1. 80 × 10 +5 1. 65 × 10 +5 nv 3.57 × 10 +5 nv 6.77 × 10 +6 1 .29 × 10 +6 ∗ With respect to k, n, pk , and ⌬k , see ... GGEjk values 14 13 48 7.55 × 10 +0 3.33 × 10 +3 7.84 × 10 +2 1. 12 × 10 +2 4 .23 × 10 +3 nv 6 .29 × 10 +2 1. 06 × 10 +2 nv 6.38 × 10 +2 out of 12 out of out of out of 15 a values obtained by using only non-duplicated...
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 04:20
Tài liệu PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS IN CHINA AND VIETNAM PART 2-1 ppt
... staff 8 -20 21 -50 51- 100 10 1 -20 0 20 1- 500 5 01- 1.000 1. 0 01 -2. 000 2. 000 Total Hangzhou Number % 12 17 .9 16 23 .9 16 23 .9 13 19 .4 10 .4 3.0 0.0 1. 5 67 10 0.0 Luohe Number % 13 21 .7 19 31. 7 16 26 .7 10 .0 ... Chemistry 10 Furniture 11 Toys 12 Metal goods 13 Mining 14 Others Total % Number % Number % 14 12 11 2 1 69 20 .3 17 .4 15 .9 13 .0 2. 9 10 .1 1.5 7 .2 2.9 2. 9 1. 5 1. 5 0.0 2. 9 10 0.0 4 11 30 0 1 0 60 6.7 ... Vietnam Number % 5.7 0.0 20 .0 11 .4 8.6 17 .1 0.0 5.7 2. 9 11 .4 8.6 2. 9 2. 9 2. 9 35 10 0 .1 South Vietnam Number % 1 .2 0.0 3.5 13 15 .1 20 23 .3 2. 3 1 .2 15 17 .4 8 .1 7.0 3.5 5.8 5.8 5.8 86 10 0.0 LOCALITIES;...
Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 06:15
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Specific targeting of a DNA-alkylating reagent to mitochondria Synthesis and characterization of [4-((11aS)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-5-on-8-oxy)butyl]-triphenylphosphonium iodide doc
... mmol, 14 %) 1H NMR d 7.6–7.9 (m (16 H, P+–ArH and H -11 ), 7.46 (1H, s, H-6), 6.49 (1H, s, H-9), 4 .1 4 .2 (2H, m, Ar-O-CH2), 3. 71 (3H, s, O-CH3), 3.4– 4.0 (5H, m, P+–CH2, H -11 a and H-3), 1. 75 2. 4 (8H, ... 1. 75 2. 4 (8H, m, O-CH2-CH2, P+–CH2-CH2, H -1 and H -2) p.p.m., 31 PNMR d 25 .65 p.p.m ESMS found (M+) 563 .24 69 calculated for C35H36O3N2P (M+) 563 .24 58 H (300 MHz) and 31P ( 12 1 MHz) NMR spectra were ... [4-( (11 aS)-7-methoxy -1 ,2, 3 ,11 a-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo [2, 1c] [1, 4]benzodiazepin-5-on-8-oxy)butyl]triphenylphosphonium iodide (2; mitoDC- 81) Materials and methods Synthesis of [4-( (11 aS )-7-methoxy -1 ,2, 3 ,11 a-tetrahydro5H-pyrrolo [2, 1- c] [1, 4]benzodiazepin-5-on-8-oxy)butyl]triphenylphosphonium...
Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20
Báo cáo khoa học: Glutathione transferases kappa 1 and kappa 2 localize in peroxisomes and mitochondria, respectively, and are involved in lipid metabolism and respiration in Caenorhabditis elegans pot
... elegans A 69 gstk -1 (zk1 320 .1) B AA position rGSTK1 GSTK -1 GSTK -2 4 62 51 150 1 82 15 1 gstk -2 (d2 024 .7) E Petit et al 380 599 50 469 10 0 15 0 20 0 C that C elegans ZK1 320 .1 and D2 024 .7 genes belong ... ⁄ VV) at the N-terminus of the GSTK -2 sequence For these reasons, ZK1 320 .1 and D2 024 .7 genes were renamed gstk -1 and gstk -2 50 32 14 7 Fig Genomic structure and intron positions in C elegans gst ... gstk -2( RNAi) gstk -1/ k -2( RNAi) * 18 16 Fig gstk -1 ⁄ gstk -2( RNAi) animals display an abnormal FAME composition Simplified FAME composition of control and gstk -1, gstk -2 and double gstk -1( RNAi) and...
Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20
Báo cáo khoa học: Functional expression of the quinoline 2-oxidoreductase genes (qorMSL) in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 pUF1 and in P. putida 86-1 Dqor pUF1 and analysis of the Qor proteins doc
... CL-4B BioScale DEAE10 85.3 87.4 71. 9 36.5 3696 516 76 17 .4 0. 023 0 .17 0.95 2. 10 41 91 100 1 02 84 43 Conditions of Qor synthesis in wild-type P putida 86, P putida 86 -1 Dqor pUF1 and P putida 86 ... activity (UÆmg )1) Purification (-fold) Yield (%) Crude extract Ammonium sulfate ppt Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B BioScale DEAE10 3 12 2 71 29 9 20 6 3045 416 78 9.3 0 .10 0.65 3.83 22 .1 6.4 37.5 21 6.7 10 0 87 96 ... quinoline) P putida KT2440 pUF1 (grown on benzoate) P putida 86–1Dqor pUF1 (grown on benzoate + 1H -2- oxoquinoline) 0.8 0.08 5.5 5.4 1 .2 1. 3 0 .18 c 0. 12 74 8.7 0.5 1 .2 0. 12 85.4 a Average of two...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20
Báo cáo sinh học: " Impact of changes in diet on the availability of land, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions of agriculture" pot
... Fruit production 11 1 24 5 24 5 24 5 1 42 1 42 1 42 Animal husbandry 2, 2 52 1, 146 1, 146 1, 146 1 ,29 4 1 ,29 4 1 ,29 4 Sum 4,005 2, 505 2, 648 2, 715 2, 5 31 2, 7 21 2, 75 where the additional energy crop production ... 726 460 595 595 550 724 724 Grassland 460 14 3 1 52 220 1 52 16 9 19 8 Animal feed crop cultivation 363 319 325 320 29 0 29 0 29 0 Vegetable production 99 19 0 19 0 19 0 1 02 1 02 1 02 Fruit production 11 1 ... import/export c Bioethanol [TJ] 4,8 62 4,8 62 1, 366 1, 366 Biogas [TJ] 3, 415 10 ,035 3 ,20 3 6,773 Sum [TJ] 8 ,27 9 14 ,897 4,577 8 ,14 1 CED [TJ] 21 ,530 22 ,0 91 22 ,11 5 22 ,359 38% 68% 21 % 37% Biodiesel [TJ] Proportion...
Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20
Renewable Energy Trends and Applications Part 2 docx
... (0.4 916 ) 376 0.6465 25 . 61* ** PCSE Model II -0.00 02* ** (0.0000) -0.79 72* ** (0.0436) -0 .25 63*** (0.0 316 ) -0.0086*** (0.0 011 ) -0. 613 7*** (0 .20 32) 2. 47 72* ** (0 .29 98) 1. 017 1*** (0.33 32) 2. 2 21 5*** (0 .15 49) ... LCRESct -1 IMPTDPct VOLGDPPCct Mean VIF VIF 4 . 21 3. 12 2.79 2. 25 1. 98 1. 69 1. 65 1. 15 2. 35 1/ VIF 0 .23 7790 0. 3 21 027 0.3586 31 0.4449 51 0.504358 0.5 929 46 0.604563 0.86 727 1 Table Variance Inflation Factor Once ... Observations R2/Pseudo R2 F (N(0 ,1) ) Wald ( 2) OLS Model I -0.00 02* ** (0.0000) -0.79 72* ** (0.04 12 ) -0. 025 6*** (0.0676) -0.0086*** (0.0 0 21 ) -0. 613 7* (0.3599) 2. 47 72* ** (0.7353) 1. 017 1** (0. 510 7) 2. 2 21 5***...
Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20