BÀI LUẬN: LABOR PRODUCTIVITY OF VIET NAM ENTERPRISES

Ojaia`fj brawtl him tlo trhisftfai era` hbrfjucturo ta atlor sojtars lhvo slawisfbis ae scawfib mawi, wftl caw por jhpfth fija`o Uu, 4>85.^ramujtfvfty brawtl lhs dooi h goyehjtar ear Ufo

@FIFZ]TV AE OM_JH]FAI HIM ]THFIB _IFUOTZF]V AE OJAIA@FJZ LJ@J

-MHA U_ ^L_AIB CFIL

CHDAT ^TAM_J]FUF]V AE UFO]IH@ OI]OT^TFZOZ

@HKAT; MOUOCA^@OI] OJAIA@FJZ

JAMO JAMO ; ; 6:8>8>?6:8>8>?

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^L.M MFZZOT]MFZZOT]HH]FAI]FAI O\OJ_]FUO Z_@@HTV

LA JLF @FIL JF]V 4>4>

]lo tlosfs whs ja`pcoto ht;

_ifvorsfty ae Ojaia`fjs La Jlf @fil Jfty

ZuporZuporvfsvfsar;ar; 8 Mr8 Mr ^lẨ ^lẨ` Glh` Glhil Ihil Ih``

4 Mr Co Uhi Jlai

Tovfowor 8;

Tovfowor 8; Tovfowor 4;

Tovfowor 4; Tovfowor :;

Tovfowor :; ]lo ]losf

]lo ]losfs wfcc do prosoitom ta tlo _if s wfcc do prosoitom ta tlo _ifvorsfty Mfss vorsfty Mfssorthtfai Dahrm ht; orthtfai Dahrm ht;

Ht laurs mhy `aitl yohr

]lo tlosfs jhi do eauim ht tlo cfdrhry;

JLH^]OT 8 FI]TAM_J]FAI 8.8

8.8 Dhjg Dhjgbrau brauim him ros im him rosohrj ohrjl bhp l bhp

8.

8.8 8.8 8 ^r ^rhj hjtf tfjh jhc c dh dhjg jgbr brau auim im

Fi tlo 866>s ae tlo 4>tl joitury, Ufotih`'s ojaia`y oxporfoijom h ro`hrghdco brawtl `hficy era`tlo fijrohso fi chdar pramujtfvfty fi hbrfjucturo ]lfs fs tlo rosuct ae tlo prajoss ae mfssacutfai ae jaaporhtfvos him tlo trhiseor ae chim uso rfblts ta

jaaporhtfvos him tlo trhiseor ae chim uso rfblts ta tlo prfvhto sojtar.tlo prfvhto sojtar

Mospfto dofib jcohror him `aro sthdco prabross tlhi sa`o atlor jauitrfos, Ufotih` fs jaitfiufib taehjo iow jlhccoibos Ojaia`fj brawtl him tlo trhisftfai era` hbrfjucturo ta atlor sojtars lhvo slawisfbis ae scawfib mawi, wftl caw por jhpfth fija`o (Uu, 4>85).^ramujtfvfty brawtl lhs dooi h goyehjtar ear Ufotih`'s ojaia`fj brawtl fi tlo ohrcy

ehjtar ear Ufotih`'s ojaia`fj brawtl fi tlo ohrcy yohrs ae fiiavhtfai, wlfjl lhs yohrs ae fiiavhtfai, wlfjl lhs scawom mawi avor tloscawom mawi avor tlo phst

 phst mojhmo, mojhmo, him him tlo tlo brawtl brawtl rhto rhto ae ae chdar chdar pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty lhs lhs baio baio mawi mawi (Ibuyoi (Ibuyoi him him Goifjlf,Goifjlf,4>8<).Fistohm ae f`pravfib chdar pramujtfvfty ta jaitfiuo ta hjlfovo hjlfovo`oits, jhpfthc fivost`oit doja`os

 doja`os tlo tlo `hfi `hfi saurjo saurjo ae ae ojaia`fj ojaia`fj brawtl brawtl fi fi tlfs tlfs ioxt ioxt porfam porfam Dut Dut hjjarmfib hjjarmfib ta ta Damowfb Damowfb himhim

@hbiussai (4>8=), tlfs fs iat h susthfihdco `amoc, sufthdco ear Ufotih` ta oisuro h lfbl brawtl rhto fs

`hfithfiom

Hctlaubl jaisfmorom hs aio ae tlo jauitrfos wftl tlo dost chdar pramujtfvfty brawtl fi tlo robfai,wloi ja`phrfib fitorihtfaihccy hjjarmfib ta tlo ropart ae tlo Fitorihtfaihc Chdar Arbhifzhtfai (FCA,4>8?) him HMD ai tlo chdar pramujtfvfty ae HZOHI 4>8=, U

4>8?) him HMD ai tlo chdar pramujtfvfty ae HZOHI 4>8=, Ufotih`'s chdar pramujtfvfty whs aicy fotih`'s chdar pramujtfvfty whs aicy 8/= ae 8/= ae ]lhfchim, 8/? ae @hchysfh, 8/8> ae Zautl Garoh him

]lhfchim, 8/? ae @hchysfh, 8/8> ae Zautl Garoh him 8/8? ae Zfibhparo.8/8? ae Zfibhparo

]lo `ast ja``aicy usom `otlams ta fijrohso chdar pramujtfvfty fi Ufotih` tamhy fs ta fijrohsotoj

tojlialiacabcaby y tlrtlraubaubl l apoapoifiifib b tlo tlo ojaojaia`ia`yy, , fi fi phrphrtfjtfjuchuchrr, , htthttrhjrhjtfib tfib earearofbofbi i mfrmfrojt ojt fivfivostost`oi`oit t himhimoijaurhbfib dusfiossos Ma`ostfj oitorprfsos oxpart ar fijrohso chdar pramujtfvfty tlraubl dhsfj whbofijroh

fijrohso so pacfjpacfjyy LawLawovorovor, , tlo hjlfovo`otlo hjlfovo`oits lhvo its lhvo iat dooi iat dooi hs oxpojtom hs hs oxpojtom hs ovfmoovfmoijom dy ijom dy tlo rosucts ae tlo rosucts ae chdar pramujtfvfty `oitfaiom hdavo

Fi armor ear tlo chdar earjo ta doja`o `aro pramujtfvo, ft fs iojosshry ta jaisfmor tlo chdar earjo fitlo oitorprfso systo` dojhuso ft fs tlo pchjo tlht lacms tlo `hkarfty ae tlo jauitry's chdar earjo ]lo dusfioss systo` hi

 dusfioss systo` him tlo prfvhto sojtars hro hi oxm tlo prfvhto sojtars hro hi oxtro`ocy f`parthit phrt him tlo `hfi mrtro`ocy f`parthit phrt him tlo `hfi mrfvor ae Ufvor ae Ufotih`'sfotih`'sojaia`fj brawtl (RD, 4>8=)

Hjjarmfib ta h ropart ae tlo @fifstry ae ^chiifib him Fivost`oit (4>86) ai tlo pramujtfvfty himja`potftfvoioss ae Ufotih`oso oitorprfsos, Ufotih`'s jurroit chdar pramujtfvfty fi tlo rojoit porfam fschrbocy jaitrfdutom dy tlo Fitorihc hppcfjhtfai ‐(8) ]loroearo, hihcyzfib tlo motor`fihits ae chdar  pramujtfvfty

 pramujtfvfty era` era` hi hi oitorprfso oitorprfso porspojtfvo, porspojtfvo, hssu`fib hssu`fib tlht tlht tlo tlo `hfi `hfi ja`paioit ja`paioit ae ae tlo tlo "fitrh-fimustry"fitrh-fimustryoeeojts" fi tlo fijrohso ae chdar pramujtfvfty fs vory

oeeojts" fi tlo fijrohso ae chdar pramujtfvfty fs vory f`parthit.f`parthit

8.

8.8 8.4 4 ]l ]loa oaro rotf tfjh jhc dh c dhjg jgbr brau auim imChdar pramujtfvfty brawtl pchys hi f`parthit raco fi oitorprfso survfvhc, brawtl, him movocap`oithim lhs h mojfsfvo fiecuoijo ai ojaia`fj brawtl (Drou ot hc., 4>84) ]loroearo, tloro fs h cat ae rosohrjlos fi datl tloary him oxporf`oit era` `hiy `fjra him `hjra porspojtfvos ta stumy tlo ehjtarsheeojtfib chdar pramujtfvfty Dojhuso ae tlo mosfro ta eajus ai f`pravfib chdar pramujtfvfty ear tlo prfvhto sojtar,

 prfvhto sojtar, dusfiossos, fi dusfiossos, fi tlo tlo jaitoxt ae jaitoxt ae tloarytloary, , tlo tlo tlosfs aicy tlosfs aicy prosoits stumfos prosoits stumfos ai ai ehjtars heeojtfibehjtars heeojtfibchdar pramujtfvfty uimor tlo `fjra-sjhco

TobTobhrmhrmfib fib tlo tlo rocrochtfhtfaisaislfp lfp dotdotwowooi oi EMEMF F him him oxpoxpart art ta ta chdchdar ar prapramujmujtfvftfvfty ty eraera` ` hi hi oitoitorporprfsrfsoo porspojtfvo,

 porspojtfvo, tlo tlo efrst efrst stumfos stumfos hro hro UUoriai oriai (8655), (8655), Jhvos Jhvos (862=), (862=), Efimchy Efimchy (862<), (862<), Muiifib Muiifib (8626) (8626) tloitloi

Dca`stra` (86<5), (Brfeeftl ot hc., 4>>4), Uhmch`hiihtf (4>88), Boarbosju (4>84), Dorihrm him Koisoi(8666), Dchcajg (4>>=), Rhbior (4>>2), Lhfmhr (4>84), Mo Caojgor (4>8:) Jchssfj tloarotfjhc `amocssujl hs tlaso ae Zwhi (86?5)7 Zacaw (86?2) `orocy jaisfmorom earofbi mfrojt fivost`oit (EMF) hs hif`parthit jhpfthc suppcy jlhiioc ear tlo ojaia`y, tlo chtor o`pfrfjhc stumfos wloi rosohrjlfib era`

`fjra porspojtfvo hcsa slawom tlht jhpfthc ecaws EMF ecawfib fita tlo fitorfar ae h jauitry wfcc cohm tatojliacaby trhiseor, fijrohsfib pramujtfvfty ear fts ma`ostfj ja`phifos (Hftgoi him Lhrrfsai, 86667Brfeeftl, 4>>47 Ib, 4>>2)

EMF efr`s, ospojfhccy `uctfihtfaihc ja`phifos, hro hi f`parthit taac fi tojliacaby hppcfjhtfai dojhuso tloy

 dojhuso tloy aeeor autsthimfib tojliacabfjhc aeeor autsthimfib tojliacabfjhc hmvhithbos Fi hmvhithbos Fi hmmftfai ta hmmftfai ta mfrojt f`phjts mfrojt f`phjts ai tlo ai tlo ojaia`yojaia`y,,EMF oitorprfsos jhi fimfrojtcy jrohto caib-tor` f`phjts ai tlo `hiuehjturfib fimustry fi tlo lastjauitry (Jhvos @amoc, 862=)

LawLawovoovorr, , `uc`uctfihtfihtfatfaihc ihc ja`ja`phiphifos fos `hy `hy hcshcsa a romromujo ujo tlo tlo chdchdar ar prapramujmujtfvtfvfty fty ae ae laslast t jaujauitritrfosfos(Tamrfbuoz-Jchro, 8665) ]lo ovfmoijo ae tloso stumfos fs tlht `uctfihtfaihc ja`phifos heeojt lastjauitrfos tlraubl dhjgwhrm him earwhrm cfigs him atlor oeeojts

Hiatlor tojliacaby hppcfjhtfai jlhiioc tlht hcsa heeojts chdar pramujtfvfty fs tlraubl fitorihtfaihctrhmo, ospojfhccy oxpart @ast jurroit tloarfos him hppcfom stumfos subbost tlht oxparts lhvo h pasftfvof`phjt ai chdar pramujtfvfty (Rarcm Dhig 866:7 @otcfz 4>>:7 Dorihrm ot hc 4>>:) Lawovor, sa`ostumfos sujl hs V

stumfos sujl hs Vauib (8668) slaw tlht h auib (8668) slaw tlht h eroor trhmfib robf`o scaws tlo eroor trhmfib robf`o scaws tlo brawtl ae chdar pramujtfvfty ae brawtl ae chdar pramujtfvfty ae movocapfib jauitrfos muo ta tlo chjg ae ja`phrhtfvo hmvhithbo fitorihtfaihccy ]loroearo, tlo oeeojts ae oxparts ai tlo

oxparts ai tlo chdar pramujtfvfty ae movocapfib jauitrfos chdar pramujtfvfty ae movocapfib jauitrfos `hy vhry.`hy vhry

Hctlaubl datl EMF him Hctlaubl datl EMF him oxparts `hy fiecuoijo tojliacabfjhc oxparts `hy fiecuoijo tojliacabfjhc spfccavors tlht heeojt chdar spfccavors tlht heeojt chdar pramujtfvftypramujtfvfty,,

`ast ae tlo stumfos fi Ufotih` (Ibuyoi, 4>867 ^lh`, 4>><7 Co, 4>>2, Iow`hi ot hc (4>82) iatom tlotojliacabfjhc mfeeusfai ae EMF ar oxparts ta chdar pramujtfvfty hs twa sophrhto jlhiiocs wftlautjaisfmorfib sf`ucthioauscy tlo f`phjt ae EMF him oxpart ta chdar pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos hs twajlhiiocs ae tojliacabfjhc mfeeusfai fitorihtfaihc ja`potftfai him tlofr mfeeoroijos ta dusfioss adkojtswftl mfeeoroit covocs ae jhpfthc

]lo ]lo rocrochtfhtfaisaislfp lfp dotdotwowooi oi wocwocehrehro o ar ar ro`ro`uiouiorhtrhtfai fai pacpacfjffjfos os him him chdchdar ar prapramujmujtfvtfvfty fty lhs lhs doodooiistroibtloiom fi ojaia`fj tloary (mo`him tloary (@hscaw, 86?=)7 oxpojthtfai tloary (Ura`, 865=)7twa-ehjtar tloary ( Lorzdorb, 86<2), him h iu`dor ae atlor tloarfos) @hiy o`pfrfjhc rosohrjl rosucts(Mrolor ot hc., 86<<7 @fjoccf him Chio, 86687 @fccoh, 4>>47 ]shf him Vu, 4>>?7 Zfibl, 4>>67 Hihim othc

hc., , 4>84>8>) >) mo`mo`aisaistrhtrhto to tlhtlht t chdchdar ar doidoioefoefts, ts, ft ft jaijaitrftrfdutdutos os papasftsftfvofvocy cy ta ta tlo tlo chdchdar ar prapramujmujtfvtfvfty fty ae ae o`pcayoos him tlo lohctl ae o`pcayoos lhvo h pasftfvo f`phjt ai chdar pramujtfvfty him tlo lohctl ae tlo

tlo ihtihtfaifaihc hc ojaojaia`ia`yy ]lo]loso so doidoioefoefts ts strstraibaibcy cy fiefiecuocuoijo ijo tlo tlo doldolhvfhvfar ar ae ae o`po`pcaycayoosoos, , wlfwlfjl jl fs fs hhja`poccfib rohsai ta locp o`pcayoos jaitfiuo ta warg ear dusfioss awiors hs wocc hs tloy hro earjom taja`poto wftl ohjl atlor him tlfs wfcc cohm ta fijrohsom chdar pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos Mfshbroofibwftl tlfs vfow, sa`o stumfos subbost tlht wocehro robf`os hro aicy sooi hs h ehjtar ta robuchto him pravfmo efihijfhc suppart ear o`pcayoos dojhuso tloy hro `o`dors ae hi arbhifzhtfai ar h

 pravfmo efihijfhc suppart ear o`pcayoos dojhuso tloy hro `o`dors ae hi arbhifzhtfai ar h dusfioss, iatdusfioss, iat

h `atfvhtar ar earjos rochtom ta chdar pramujtfvfty (Tasoidcaa` him Lhcc`hi, 86<87 Lfccs, 86<27Hmfbui him Ztoploisai, 86647 @aimy ot hc., 4>>4).  

8 8 8 8 : : T Toossooh hrrjjl b l bh hp pTosohrjl ai chdar pramujtfvfty fs f`parthit ear datl pudcfj pacfjfos him mojfsfais ear tlo prfvhtosojtar (Zhuor`hii, 4>85) dojhuso tlfs fs hi sudsthitfhc fimfjhtar roecojtfib tlo ojaia`fj movocap`oitoeeojtfvoioss ae ihtfaihc, oitorprfso him o`pcayoo quhcfty Ospojfhccy wftl tlo jaitoxt ae Ufotih`, fi tlo

 phst twa mojhmos, hctlaubl Ufotih`'s chdar pramujtfvfty lhs fijrohsom rhpfmcy, ft fs  phst twa mojhmos, hctlaubl Ufotih`'s chdar pramujtfvfty lhs fijrohsom rhpfmcy, ft fs stfcc iohr tlo stfcc iohr tlo datta`datta`

ae HZOHI‖s Fe tlfs brawtl rhto fs `hfithfiom, Ufotih` wfcc lhvo ta spoim 8> ta ?> yohrs ta jhtjl upwftl atlor jauitrfos fi tlo robfai (FCA, 4>8?)

^ra`atfib chdar pramujtfvfty ae tlo ojaia`y slaucm efrst

^ra`atfib chdar pramujtfvfty ae tlo ojaia`y slaucm efrst daast tlo pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos ]lorodaast tlo pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos ]lorohro tlroo `hfi braups ae ehjtars tlht locp motor`fio chdar pramujtfvfty; lu`hi jhpfthc, tojliacabfjhc prabross, him

 prabross, him ojaia`fj sfzo ojaia`fj sfzo (Broochw ot (Broochw ot hc., hc., 4>8<) H dottor 4>8<) H dottor uimorsthimfib ae uimorsthimfib ae law tloso law tloso ehjtars heeojtehjtars heeojtchdar pramujtfvfty locps dusfiossos boiorhto brohtor praefts, fijrohso pramujtfvfty, hmm fivost`oitappartuiftfos, him romujo jasts (FCA, 4>8?) Fi tlfs tlosfs, spojfhc httoitfai ear tlo twa jlhiiocsheeo

heeojtfib jtfib chdar pramujtfvchdar pramujtfvfty; fty; tojlitojliacabfacabfjhc jhc prabprabross ross tlrautlraubl bl ojaiaojaia`fj `fj fitobfitobrhtfairhtfai, , lu`hi jhpfthclu`hi jhpfthctlraubl o`pcayoo wocehro

Ufotih` fs doja`fib `aro him `aro moopcy fitobrhtom fita tlo ojaia`y, sa tloro lhvo dooi `hiyma`ostfj stumfos ai tlo fiecuoijo ae earofbi tojliacaby hppcfjhtfai jlhiiocs tlraubl EMF him oxpart ta pramujtfvfty (Ibuyoi &

 pramujtfvfty (Ibuyoi & Ibuyoi, 4>847 Iba, Ibuyoi, 4>847 Iba, 4>827 ^lh`, 4>827 ^lh`, 4>8<) Lawovor, `ast ae 4>8<) Lawovor, `ast ae tloso stumfos tloso stumfos lhvolhvofivostfbhtom jlhiiocs tlht f`phjt ai mfsjroto chdar pramujtfvfty wftlaut jaisfmorfib tlo` hs ja`potfibjlhiiocs ae ja`potftfai

Dusfiossos wftl mfeeoroit covocs ae jhpfthc fitoisfty wfcc lhvo mfeeoroit pursuft strhtobfos wloi tloywhit ta kafi tlo bcadhcfzhtfai `ojlhifs` Zocojtfib wlfjl strhtobfos ta phrtfjfphto ta bot tlo dost doioefts fs hcsa h pradco

 doioefts fs hcsa h pradco` ear Z@Os fi tlo jurroi` ear Z@Os fi tlo jurroit sthbo ae bcadhcfzhtfai.t sthbo ae bcadhcfzhtfai

]lo sojaim jlhiioc heeojts tlo chdar pramujtfvfty tlht tlo tlosfs fs fitorostom fi

]lo sojaim jlhiioc heeojts tlo chdar pramujtfvfty tlht tlo tlosfs fs fitorostom fi loro fs lu`hi jhpfthcloro fs lu`hi jhpfthctlraubl o`pcayoo wocehro pacfjy To`uiorhtfai pacfjfos wlfjl lhvo

tlraubl o`pcayoo wocehro pacfjy To`uiorhtfai pacfjfos wlfjl lhvo dooi prf`hrfcy stumfom fi dooi prf`hrfcy stumfom fi UUfotih`,fotih`,ro`hf

ro`hfi i whbo fssuos him whbo fssuos him lhvo dooi lhvo dooi fioefioeeojtfveojtfvo o fi rojoit fi rojoit yohrsyohrs, , wlfco ro`uiorwlfco ro`uiorhtfai pacfjfos lhvo dooihtfai pacfjfos lhvo dooihssajfhtom wftl fithibfdco ar iai-efihijfhc rowhrms ft fs f`passfdco ar iat ohsy ta japy him japy tajrohto lu`hi rosaurjos hmvhithbos ear tlo arbhifzhtfai tlht lhs iat dooi phfm

jrohto lu`hi rosaurjos hmvhithbos ear tlo arbhifzhtfai tlht lhs iat dooi phfm oiaubl httoitfai.oiaubl httoitfai

8.4 8.4 Toso Tosohrjl hrjl adko adkojtfvo jtfvoss]lo avorhcc rosohrjl adkojtfvo ae tlo tlosfs f]lo avorhcc rosohrjl adkojtfvo ae tlo tlosfs fs ta hihcyzo tlo f`phjt s ta hihcyzo tlo f`phjt ai tlo chdar pramujtfvfty aeai tlo chdar pramujtfvfty aeU

Ufotih`oso oitorprfsos tlraubl mfrojt fivost`oit, fotih`oso oitorprfsos tlraubl mfrojt fivost`oit, oxparts, him chdar doioefts.oxparts, him chdar doioefts

Adkojtfvo 8;Hihcyzo tlo f`phjt ae 4 jlhiiocs ae Hihcyzo tlo f`phjt ae 4 jlhiiocs ae tojliacaby hppcfjhtfai, earofbi mfrojttojliacaby hppcfjhtfai, earofbi mfrojtfivost`oit, him oxpart ta chdar pramujtfvfty fi

fivost`oit, him oxpart ta chdar pramujtfvfty fi oitorprfsos wftl mfeeoroit covocs ae jhpfthc fitoisfty7oitorprfsos wftl mfeeoroit covocs ae jhpfthc fitoisfty7

Adkojtfvo 4;Hssoss tlo f`phjt ae Hssoss tlo f`phjt ae chdar doioefts ai chdar chdar doioefts ai chdar pramujtfvfty ae Ufotih`oso Z@Os.pramujtfvfty ae Ufotih`oso Z@Os.8.:

8.: Toso Tosohrjl hrjl quos quostfai tfai Xuostfai 8; Rftl tlo mfeeoroijo fi jhpfthc fitoisfty, fs tloro h mfeeoroijo dotwooi tlo f`phjt ae EMF him oxparts ai

EMF him oxparts ai tlo chdar pramujtfvfty ae Ufotih`oso oitorprfsos1tlo chdar pramujtfvfty ae Ufotih`oso oitorprfsos1Xuostfai 4; Law maos chdar doioeft Law maos chdar doioeft heeojt tlo chdar pramujtfvfty heeojt tlo chdar pramujtfvfty ae Uae Ufotih`oso Z@Os1fotih`oso Z@Os1   8.= 8.= Zjapo Zjapo him him sudkojts sudkojts ae ae tlo tlo rosohrjl rosohrjl

8.=.8 Zudkojts ae tlo rosohrjl]lo `hfi rosohrjl sudkojts ae tlo tlosfs fijcumo ]lo `hfi rosohrjl sudkojts ae tlo tlosfs fijcumo chdar pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos fi rochtfai ta EMFchdar pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos fi rochtfai ta EMFhim oxpart fi tor`s ae jlhrhjtorfstfjs ae

him oxpart fi tor`s ae jlhrhjtorfstfjs ae tlo jhpfthc fitoisfty ae mfeeoroit fimustrfos7 chdar pramujtfvfty fitlo jhpfthc fitoisfty ae mfeeoroit fimustrfos7 chdar pramujtfvfty firochtfai ta o`pcayoo wocehro pacfjfos

8.=.4 Zjapo ae tlo 8.=.4 Zjapo ae tlo rosohrjl rosohrjl

Avorhcc tlo tlosfs stumfos Avorhcc tlo tlosfs stumfos fssuos surrauimfib chdar pramujtfvfty ae Ufotih`oso oitorprfsos era` 4>>6fssuos surrauimfib chdar pramujtfvfty ae Ufotih`oso oitorprfsos era` 4>>6

ta 4>85

`amoc ostf`htom thdco mhth ]loso `otlams hccaw jaitrac ae uiadsorvom efxom oeeojts ae tlo ja`phiy(Raacmrfmbo, 4>>4).

]a sacvo tlo rosohrjl bahc Ia 8, tlo tlosfs usos h ja`dfihtfai ae mhth sots era` 4 Ufotih`Oitorprfso Joisus mhth (UOZ) fi 4>8? him 4>85

Ear rosohrjl adkojtfvo Ia 4, tlo tlosfs usos h sot ae mhth ja`pfcom era` : sots ae Z`hcc him @omfu`Oitorprfsos Zurvoy (Z@Os) fi 4>88, 4>8:, him 4>8?

Muo ta tlo lotoraboiofty fi tlo quostfaiihfro ae tlo UOZ mhthsot fi tlo yohrs ]loroearo, tlomfssorthtfai lhs mfeefjucty fi usfib tlo iojosshry fiear`htfai ear rosohrjl purpasos fe usfib mhth sots ear 

`hiy yohrs, rosuctfib fi hi fijaisfstoijy fi tlo

`hiy yohrs, rosuctfib fi hi fijaisfstoijy fi tlo stumy tf`o ae tlo twa stumy tf`o ae tlo twa adkojtfvos.adkojtfvos

8.5 Tosohrjl `ohifibAdkojtfvo 8 hihcyzos tlo mfeeoroit oeeojts ae EMF him oxparts ai tlo chdar pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos

fi mfeeoroit jhpfthc-fitoisfvo sojtars ]lo rosucts ae tlo tlosfs locp dusfiossos him bavori`oits ta do

`aro arfoitom sa tloy jhi kafi tlo bcadhcfzhtfai robf`o tlraubl EMF ar oxpart dhsom ai tlo fitoisfvo jlhrhjtorfstfjs ae tlo fimustry ta drfib tlo dost doioefts Era` tloro, ft locps efr`s himbavori`oits ta `hgo `aro hppraprfhto fivost`oit pacfjfos him arfoithtfais

jhpfthc-Fi adkojtfvo 4, tlo stumy ae tlo f`phjt ae wocehro pacfjfos ai tlo pramujtfvfty ae Z@Os, tloroearo tloefrst `ohifib ae tlo mfssorthtfai fs ta jaitrfduto o`pfrfjhc ovfmoijo ai tlfs rochtfaislfp fi Ufotih`.Rloi tloro hro eow stumfos ai wocehro pacfjy, tloro hro eow stumfos Zojaimcy, tlo tlosfs puts tlorochtf

rochtfaislaislfp fp ae tlo ae tlo wocewocehro pacfjy hro pacfjy him chdar him chdar prampramujtfvfujtfvfty ty ae tlo ae tlo oitorpoitorprfso rosohrjlrfso rosohrjlom ht om ht tlo oitorprfstlo oitorprfsoocovoc, wlfjl wfcc cohm ta tlo cfig dotwooi o`pcayoos' doioefts him pramujtfvfty (doioefts) ae tlooitorprfso Fi atlor warms, ft roecojts tlo fitorosts ae

oitorprfso Fi atlor warms, ft roecojts tlo fitorosts ae tlo pravfmors ae tloso pacfjfos.tlo pravfmors ae tloso pacfjfos

]lfrmcy, tlo rosuct ae tlo tlosfs hisworfib tlo jaitravorsfhc fssuo fi Ufotih` tamhy fs wlotlor ft fs

iojosshry ta jaisfmor ropchjfib tlo `fif`u` whbo fijrohso wftl tlo f`pco`oithtfai ae iai-shchrywocehro pacfjfos ta f`pravo chdar pramujtfvfty ae tlo

wocehro pacfjfos ta f`pravo chdar pramujtfvfty ae tlo efr`s.efr`s

8.2 Tosohrjl strujturo]lo mfssorthtfai ja`pasos ? jlhptors ]lo efihc sojtfai fijcumos hutlar's pudcfjhtfai, roeoroijos himhppoimfjos

JLH^]OT 4 ]LOATV HIM CF]OTH]_TO TOUFOR 4.8 Fitramujtfai

4.4 Jaijopt him 4.4 Jaijopt him `ohsuro ae chdar pramujtfvfty `ohsuro ae chdar pramujtfvftyZyvorsai (4>8>) pramujtfvfty fs tlo oeefjfoijy ae pramujtfai oxprossom dy law `ujl autput fsadthfiom era` h bfvoi fiput ]loroearo, ft fs usuhccy oxprossom hs tlo fiput rhtfa ae tlo autput ]loro hro

`hiy `otlams ae `ohsurfib pramujtfvfty, ae wlfjl chdar pramujtfvfty fs aio ae tlo `ast usom jrftorfh

Hjjarmfibcy, chdar pramujtfvfty oxpcafts tlo oxtoit ta wlfjl lu`hi jhpfthc drfibs vhcuo ta hi ojaia`y

ar hi oitorprfso (Gajl him @jBrhtl, 8665)

Fi tlfs mossorthtfai, tlo thrbot fs tlo chdar pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos fi fimustrfos wftl mfeeoroitautputs, wftl him wftlaut prajossfib ai datl bahcs him tlo mhth hvhfchdfcfty Mhth ma iat `oot tloroqufro`oits ear tlo `ohsuro`oit ae tathc autput ]loroearo, tlo mfssorthtfai mojfmom ta uso vhcuo-hmmomjrftorfh hs h `ohsuro ear autput him tlo iu`dor ae o`pcayoos hs hi fiput `ohsuro ta jhcjuchto chdar  pramujtfvfty

ehjtars; (8) Lu`hi jhpfthc, (4) ](4) ]ojliacabfjhc prabross, (:) Ojaia`fj sjhco.ojliacabfjhc prabross, (:) Ojaia`fj sjhco

Hjjarmfib ta Zyvorsai (4>8>) wloi stumyfib chdar pramujtfvfty ht tlo `fjra-covoc, oitorprfsosrohcfzo tlht chdar pramujtfvfty fs mfrojtcy heeojtom dy twa `hfi

rohcfzo tlht chdar pramujtfvfty fs mfrojtcy heeojtom dy twa `hfi braups; fitorihc him iai-dusfioss braups.braups; fitorihc him iai-dusfioss braups.]lo braup wftlfi tlo oitorprfso fijcumos oco`oits ae dusfioss hjtfvftfos sujl hs prhjtfjo/`hihbo`oitthcoit, quhcfty ae chdar him jhpfthc fiputs, pramujt fiiavhtfai, him arbhifzhtfaihc strujturo ae fitorihc pramujtfai uifts ja`phiy ]lo sojaim sot ae

 pramujtfai uifts ja`phiy ]lo sojaim sot ae ehjtars hmmrossos oivfrai`oithc motor`fihits, wlfjl wfccehjtars hmmrossos oivfrai`oithc motor`fihits, wlfjl wfccfijcumo ehjtars sujl hs tlo sprohm ae pramujtfvfty tlht ja`os era` giawcombo trhiseor, tlo covoc ae ja`potftfai fi tlo chdar him

ja`potftfai fi tlo chdar him pramujt `hrgots, him tlo f`phjt ae robuchtfais, pacfjfos era` pramujt `hrgots, him tlo f`phjt ae robuchtfais, pacfjfos era` tlo autsfmo.tlo autsfmo

Fi hmmftfai ta tlo twa `hfi braups ae ehjtars hs hdavo @fjhccoe (4>85), tloro hro hcsa sa`o ehjtarstlht lhvo h maudco oeeojt ai t

tlht lhvo h maudco oeeojt ai tlo twa braups hdavo.lo twa braups hdavo

]a pramujtfai-dhsom stumfos, fi phrtfjuchr, morfvom era` Jadd-Maubchs (o.b Bcador`hi, 86267Dca`strõ` him ^orssai, 86<:, Gagga, 866= him Gagga ot hc., 8665) fi jaisfmorhtfai ae Motor`fihits

ae chdar pramujtfvfty ht tlo

ae chdar pramujtfvfty ht tlo oitorprfso covoc, jhpfthc fitoisfty him chdar fitoisfty hro oitorprfso covoc, jhpfthc fitoisfty him chdar fitoisfty hro tlo `hfi jaijoris tlo `hfi jaijoris

Fi hmmftfai ta tlo hdavo `hfi braups ae ehjtars heeojtfib chdar pramujtfvfty, o`pfrfjhc stumfos ai tlotapfj ae chdar pramujtfvfty ht tlo `fjra-covoc ae oitorprfsos hcsa pravfmo ovfmoijo ai tlo f`phjt ae atlor ehjtars heeojtfib pramujtfvfty chdar fijcumos efr` uifai, fimustry, hbo ae tlo efr`, him atlor ehjtars(Gajl him @jBrhtl, 86657 Lsu him Jloi, 4>>>7 Tabor him ]soib, 4>>>7 Rhbior, 4>>47 Uhltor, 4>>=7Brooihwhy ot hc., 4>>=7

Brooihwhy ot hc., 4>>=7 Marhszocsgf him Khu`himrou, 4>8:7 Hrslhm him @hcfg, 4>8?)Marhszocsgf him Khu`himrou, 4>8:7 Hrslhm him @hcfg, 4>8?)

55

Fi tlfs stumy, tlo `hfi jaijori fs tlo

Fi tlfs stumy, tlo `hfi jaijori fs tlo jaitrfdutfai ae EMF him oxparts tlraubl tojliacabfjhc prabrossjaitrfdutfai ae EMF him oxparts tlraubl tojliacabfjhc prabrosshim o`pcayoo wocehro tlraubl lu`hi jhpfthc ta tlo pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos ]lo f`phjt ae tlosojaijopts ai tloarotfjhc chdar pramujtfvfty hs wocc hs o`pfrfjhc ovfmoijo ai tloso rochtfaislfps fssu``hrfzom him prosoitom fi tlo ioxt sojtfai ae

su``hrfzom him prosoitom fi tlo ioxt sojtfai ae tlo jlhptor.tlo jlhptor

^fjturo 4; Hihcytfjhc erh`owarg 

4.= Earofbi mfrojt fivost`oit (EMF) 4.= Earofbi mfrojt fivost`oit (EMF) him chdar pramujtfvfty ae him chdar pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos oitorprfsos 4.=.8 ]lo tloary ae tlo

4.=.8 ]lo tloary ae tlo rochtfaislfp dotwooi EMF him chdar pramujtfvfty rochtfaislfp dotwooi EMF him chdar pramujtfvftyEra` h `fjra porspojtfvo, EMF fiecaws fita h jauitry drfib h trhiseor ae iat aicy tojlifjhcgiaw

giawcombo dut hcsa combo dut hcsa `hihb`hihbo`oit sgfccs tlht `hgo o`oit sgfccs tlht `hgo EMF mfeeorEMF mfeeoroit era` atlor oit era` atlor typos ae jhpfthc (Cfu typos ae jhpfthc (Cfu ot hc.,ot hc.,4>>8) ]lo efrst ojaia`fj

4>>8) ]lo efrst ojaia`fj `amocs stumfom ear `amocs stumfom ear tlfs spfccavor oeeojt woro tlfs spfccavor oeeojt woro UUoriai (8655), Muiifib (8622),oriai (8655), Muiifib (8622),Jhvos (862=), him Bcador`hi (8626)

]lo f`phjt ae EMF ai pramujtfvfty jhi do fimfrojt ar mfrojt (Hftgoi him Lhrrfsai, 86667 Barb himBrooihwhy, 4>>=7 Cfu ot hc., 4>>8) Rloi EMF jhpfthc fs fivostom fi tlo ojaia`y, fi hmmftfai tafijrohsfib jhpfthc, ft fs hjja`phifom dy tlo fitramujtfai ae iow pramujtfai him `hihbo`oit sgfccs tlhtmfr

mfrojtojtcy cy heheeojeojt t prapramujmujtfai tfai oeoeefjefjfoifoijy jy (Mu(Muiifiifib ib (86(8626)26) EMEMF F hcshcsa a prapravfmvfmos os fimfimfrofrojt jt oeoeeojeojts ts dydymfsso`fihtfib giawcombo (Dca`stra` & Gagga, 866<)

Hjjarmfib ta Jhvos (862=) tlo fimfrojt oeeojt ae EMF ai tlo pramujtfvfty ae ma`ostfj oitorprfsos jhi

 do

 do jchssfefom jchssfefom fita fita tlroo tlroo `hfi `hfi jlhiiocs; jlhiiocs; (8) (8) Oitorprfsos Oitorprfsos rojofvfib rojofvfib EMF EMF jhi jhi fijrohso fijrohso pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty ear ear ma`ostfj oitorprfsos sh`o fimustry wftl tlo` dy f`pravfib tlo hccajhtfai ae rosaurjos fi tlht fimustry7(4) ]lo prosoijo ae EMF oitorprfsos fi h sojtar lhs hcsa dooi eauim ta fijrohso ja`potftfai him pramujtfvfty

 pramujtfvfty, dy earjfib ma`ostfj oitorpr, dy earjfib ma`ostfj oitorprfsos ta fijrohso oefsos ta fijrohso oeefjfoijy ta ro`hfi ja`potftfvo him/ar ta eaefjfoijy ta ro`hfi ja`potftfvo him/ar ta earjorjoefr`s ta ja`poto iai-`hiuehjturfib ja`phifos `ust cohvo

efr`s ta ja`poto iai-`hiuehjturfib ja`phifos `ust cohvo tlo `hrgot (Dca`strõ`, 86<5, Brfeeftl ot hctlo `hrgot (Dca`strõ`, 86<5, Brfeeftl ot hc

4>>4)7 (:) tlo prosoijo ae `uctfihtfaihc sudsfmfhrfos fi hi fimustry jhi hjjocorhto tlo prajoss ar romujotojliacaby trhiseor jasts.

4.=.4 O`pfrfjhc stumfos ai tlo rochtfaislfp dotwooi EMF him 4.=.4 O`pfrfjhc stumfos ai tlo rochtfaislfp dotwooi EMF him chdar pramujtfvfty chdar pramujtfvftyTojoit o`pfrfjhc stumfos slaw tlht earofbi mfrojt fivost`oit lhs mfeeoroit oeeojts ai pramujtfvftybrawtl, thgfib pchjo sf`ucthioauscy, him jhi do mfrojt ar fimfrojt (Hftgoi & Lhrrfsai, 8666) 7Cfjltoidorb & Zfoboc, 86<27 Mkhigav & Laog`hi, 86667 Himorsai, 4>>>7 ^fsjftocca, Thddfasf, 4>>?7

 Ib, 4>>27 Cfu, [lha, 4>

 Ib, 4>>27 Cfu, [lha, 4>>57 R>57 Rhjgor him Uhjgor him Uhmch`hiihtf, 4>88hmch`hiihtf, 4>887 Boarbosju, 47 Boarbosju, 4>84).>84)

   ]lo pasft]lo pasftfvo oeeojfvo oeeojt ai chdar pramujtft ai chdar pramujtfvfty ae cajhc dusfiovfty ae cajhc dusfiossos lhs doossos lhs dooi slawi ta do tlo rosuct ae i slawi ta do tlo rosuct ae earofbi mfrojt fivost`oit fi stumfos fi mfeeoroit jauitrfos sujl hs tlo _iftom Zthtos (Cfjltoidorb himZfo

Zfobocboc, , 86<86<2), 2), TopTopudcudcfj fj JzoJzojl jl (M(Mkhigkhigavav, , LaLaog`og`hi, hi, 8668666), 6), FimFimaioaiosfh sfh (H(Himoimorsarsai, i, 4>>4>>>), >), FthFthcycy(^fsjftocca, Thddfasf, 4>>?), Jlfih (Cfu, [lha, 4>>5) him sa`o atlor stumfos

Fi hmmftfai ta mfrojtcy heeojtfib chdar pramujtfvfty, EMF hcsa lhs sa`o oeeojts ai tlo chdar `hrgot,fimfrojtcy heeojtfib chdar pramujtfvfty Rhjgor him Uhmch`hiihtf (4>88) stumy tlo f`phjt ae EM_ aiaptf`fzfib chdar `hrgot prajossos Boarbosju (4>84) eauim tlht fi o`orbfib `hrgots ta httrhjt EMF,strhtobfos lhvo dooi f`pco`oitom tlraubl vhrfaus `ohsuros ar `ohis ta pravfmo h trhisphroit himerfoimcy dusfioss oivfrai`oit fivostars, tlfs locps

erfoimcy dusfioss oivfrai`oit fivostars, tlfs locps suppart tlo fijrohso ae suppart tlo fijrohso ae chdar pramujtfvftychdar pramujtfvfty

4.? Oxpart him 4.? Oxpart him chdar pramujtfvfty chdar pramujtfvftyHjjarmfib ta Rhbior (4>>2), twa lypatlosos lhvo dooi put earwhrm tlht oxpchfis tlht oxpartfiboitorprfsos lhvo lfblor chdar pramujtfvfty tlhi iai-oxpartfib oitorprfsos; (8) muo

oitorprfsos lhvo lfblor chdar pramujtfvfty tlhi iai-oxpartfib oitorprfsos; (8) muo ta tlo pradco` ae ta tlo pradco` ae soce-socojtfai oitorprfsos wftl dottor pramujtfvfty wfcc oxpart baams7 (4) cohrifib dy oxpartfib tloary;Giawcombo era` fitorihtfaihc duyors (justa`ors, f`partors hdrahm) ar ovoi fitorihtfaihc ja`potftarstlh

soce-tlht t loclocp p f`pf`pravravo o tlo tlo prapramujmujtfvftfvfty ty ae ae oitoitorporprfsrfsos os wlowloi i tlotloy y oxpoxpart art baabaams ms ta ta earearofbofbi i jaujauitritrfosfos

jasts, ts, socsoccfib cfib jasjasts, ts, `hr`hrgotgotfib fib jasjasts, ts, avoavorsorsohs hs ja`ja``ui`uifjhfjhtfatfai i jasjasts, ts, `hi`hihbohbo`oi`oit t sgfsgfccs ccs earearofbofbiiiotwargs ar pramujtfai jasts fi `amfeyfib oxfstfib pramujts ear earofbi jaisu`ptfai (Lhfmhr, 4>847Lhrrfs him Cf, 4>><) Fi armor ta heearm tloso jasts, dusfiossos `ust do `aro pramujtfvo (Tadorts him]ydaut, 86627 Jcorfmos ot hc 866<7 Dorihrm him Rhbior, 4>>8)

Rhbior (4>>2) oitorprfso dolhvfar `hy do earwhrm-caagfib fi tlo soiso tlht tlo mosfro ta oxpartta`arraw wfcc locp f`pravo pramujtfvfty tamhy ta ja`poto fi

ta`arraw wfcc locp f`pravo pramujtfvfty tamhy ta ja`poto fi earofbi `hrgotsearofbi `hrgots4.?.4 Cohrifib dy oxpartfib tloary

RloRloi i dusdusfiofiossssos os oitoitor or tlo tlo fitfitoriorihtfahtfaihc ihc `hr`hrgotgot, , tlotloy y bhfbhfi i supsuporforfar ar giagiawcowcombo mbo tlrtlraubaubl l tlotlofiiavhtfai iooms ae earofbi justa`ors, hppcyfib iow pramujtfai tojlifquos wftl lfblor jhphjfty tafij

fijrohrohso so dumdumbot bot him him oxjoxjlhilhibo bo oeoeefjefjfoifoijyjy ]lo ]lo ja`ja`phiphiy's y's iow iow dusdusfiofioss ss (Cu (Cu him him DohDoh`fs`fsl, l, 4>>4>>5757Jhstocchif, 4>>47 Mo Caojgor, 4>8:)

oxpart `hrgot, wlfco oxparts ma iat iojosshrfcy f`pravo ma iat iojosshrfcy f`pravo pramujtfvftypramujtfvfty

Rhbior's pafit (4>>2) ae vfow fs hcsa kustfefom ear chtor rosohrjl fi tlo jhso ae mfeeoroit jauitrfosera` fimustrfhcfzom ihtfais cfgo fi Zphfi fi Jhssf`hi ot hc (4>>2) ) ar fi Bor`hiy fi Dhu`hii ot hc(4>85)7 Chtfi H`orfjhi jauitrfos sujl hs Jlfco fi Hcvhroz him Capoz (4>>?), @oxfja, Jaca`dfh him

@arajja fi Jcorfmos ot hc (866<)7 Hsfhi jauitrfos sujl hs Jlfih fi tlo porfam ae 86<<-8664 fi tlorosohrjl ae Grhhy (4>>4) ar Fimaiosfh fi tlo porfam era` 866> ta 8665 ae Dchcajg him Bortcor (4>>=),Dhirf & Hyu`u (4>8:) stumfom ear Khphioso Z@Os

Ai tlo atlor lhim, sa`o stumfos pravfmo h sojaim lypatlosfs, `ohifib tlht efr`s oitorfib tlo oxpart

`hrgot cohri era` fitorihtfaihc duyors hs wocc hs ja`potftars' pramujtfvfty tlht cohms lfblor Ovfmoijo

ae tlfs lypatlosfs fs pravfmom dy @hrtfis him Vhib (4>>6) ]loy jaimujtom hi fitobrhtom hihcysfs ae oxpart cohrifib lypatlosos (CDO) ai `aro tlhi :> hrtfjcos him motor`fiom tlht oxparts sfbifefjhitcyf`pravom oitorprfsos' dumbots fi movocapfib jauitrfos muo ta tlo brohtor mfsthijo era` tlo darmor tojliacaby

4.5 Chdar doioefts him 4.5 Chdar doioefts him heeojtfib chdar pramujtfvfty heeojtfib chdar pramujtfvftyLu`hi jhpfthc fs jaisfmorom tlo `hfi ehjtar cohmfib ta tlo pramujtfvfty mfeeoroijo dotwooi wargorshim dusfiossos (Dojgor, 862?7 Gajl & @jBrhtl, 8665)

Hjjarmfib ta tlo ^orrfi ]awors `amoc (Hr`straib, 4>8>), ja`poishtfai fs mfvfmom fita 4 phrtsfijcumfib thibfdco rowhrms (purocy efihijfhc) him fithibfdco rowhrms ^uro efihijfhc rowhrms sujl hsjhsl (o.b shchrfos) hro ohsy ta f`fthto fi tlo dusfioss ja``uifty dut fithibfdco ar iaiefihijfhc rowhrmssujl hs wocehro pacfjfos hro iat ohsy ar jaucm iat ta f`fthto ta lhvo hi hmvhithbo ae tlo arbhifzhtfai'sawi lu`hi rosaurjos

Ft fs f`parthit ta uimorsthim fts f`phjt ai tlo pramujtfvfty ae fimfvfmuhcs ar dusfiossos hs tlo slhro

Rocehro roprosoits hcc ear`s ocehro roprosoits hcc ear`s ae rowhrms, oxjopt jhsl ae rowhrms, oxjopt jhsl phy`oits (@fgavfjl him Iow`hi, 4>>=).phy`oits (@fgavfjl him Iow`hi, 4>>=)

RRhftftu (4>82) wocehro fs h hftftu (4>82) wocehro fs h myih`fj jaijopt dojhuso avor tf`o iow myih`fj jaijopt dojhuso avor tf`o iow wocehro pacfjfos wfcc do hmmom wocehro pacfjfos wfcc do hmmom tataoxfstfib pacfjfos fi hjjarmhijo wftl jlhibos fi sajfoty's iooms

4.5.4 ]lo tloary ae tlo 4.5.4 ]lo tloary ae tlo f`phjt ae chdar doioefts ai f`phjt ae chdar doioefts ai oitorprfso chdar pramujtfvfty oitorprfso chdar pramujtfvftyGhib ot hc (4>85), `ast stumfos subbost tlht tlo ja`paioits ae wocehro hro pasftfvocy hssajfhtomwftl o`pcayoo shtfsehjtfai ]lo oxphisfai ae wargors' wocehro pravfmos o`pcayoos wftl `atfvhtfai him,

fi turi, tlo fijrohsom covoc ae `atfvhtfai provoits o`pcayoos era` cohvfib tlofr kads him locpfib tlo`movocap Efihccy

movocap Efihccy, pramujtfvfty ar , pramujtfvfty ar dusfioss porear`hijo `hy fijrohso.dusfioss porear`hijo `hy fijrohso

Lorzdorb's muhc-ehjtar tloary (865<) slaws tlht tlo wocehro robf`os rojofvom dy o`pcayoos hro cfgo

`atfvhtfais ear porsaihc `atfvhtfai

Hjjarmfib ta tlo tloary ae jlhibo ae tloary, tlo appartuifty jast ae chdar jlhibo fs moefiom hs tlojast ae lfrfib o`pcayoos, him tlo jast ae trhfifib him romovocap`oit ae o`pcayoos (La`, Jhrhifghs-Rhcgor, ^russfh, him Brfeeotl, 8664) ]lo appartuifty jast ae chdar jlhibo covoc lfimors tlo ja`phiy'sja`potftfvo hmvhithbos

4.5.: ]lo raco ae chdar doioeftsBrob (4>>5) him Gh`hu (4>8:), iai-shchry doioefts hro `ast Brob (4>>5) him Gh`hu (4>8:), iai-shchry doioefts hro `ast aetoi pravfmom dy o`pcayors fijcumfibaetoi pravfmom dy o`pcayors fijcumfibsajfhc fisurhijo, lohctl fisurhijo, fijoitfvo pacfjfos, poisfai robf`os, `htorifty cohvo, him `htoriftycohvo Ohjl wocehro

cohvo Ohjl wocehro robf`o pravfmos mfeeoroit racos ear chdar robf`o pravfmos mfeeoroit racos ear chdar pramujtfvftypramujtfvfty

4.5.= O`pfrfjhc stumfos ai tlo f 4.5.= O`pfrfjhc stumfos ai tlo f`phjt ae chdar doioefts ai chdar pramujtfvfty `phjt ae chdar doioefts ai chdar pramujtfvftyBrhy him Zthrgo (86<<) fi sa`o arbhifzhtfais, o`pcayoos' dolhvfar fs `aro jaiiojtom wftl wocehrorobf`os tlhi hiy atlor ehjtar @fccoh (4>>4) bfvos sa`o o`pfrfjhc ovfmoijo ai t

robf`os tlhi hiy atlor ehjtar @fccoh (4>>4) bfvos sa`o o`pfrfjhc ovfmoijo ai tlo twa-why rochtfaislfplo twa-why rochtfaislfp dotwooi

 dotwooi wargor wargor wocehro wocehro him him chdar chdar pramujtfvftypramujtfvfty, , ospojfhccy ospojfhccy jaisfmorfib jaisfmorfib tlo tlo ihturo ihturo ae ae tlo tlo prajoss prajoss ae ae osthdcfslfib doioefts fi mfeeoroit jauitrfos Hjjarmfib ta Rfccfh`s (4>>2), tlo f`pco`oithtfai ae o`p

o`pcaycayoo oo doidoioefoefts ts wfcwfcc c drfdrfib ib baabaam m doidoioefoefts ts ta ta hi hi oitoitorporprfsrfso o sujsujl l hs hs f`pf`pravravfib fib dumdumbotbot, , loclocpfipfibb dusfiossos

 dusfiossos ta ta hjlfovo hjlfovo tlofr tlofr bahcs, bahcs, romujfib romujfib lu`hi lu`hi rosaurjo rosaurjo jasts, jasts, hjlfovfib hjlfovfib bahcs bahcs purpaso purpaso ae ae lu`hilu`hirosaurjos

Fi hmmftfai ta stumfos suppartfib tlo pasftfvo rochtfaislfp ae

Fi hmmftfai ta stumfos suppartfib tlo pasftfvo rochtfaislfp ae wargors' wocc-dofib wftl rospojt ta chdar wargors' wocc-dofib wftl rospojt ta chdar  pramujtfvfty

 pramujtfvfty, , tloro tloro hro hcsa hro hcsa `fxom vfows `fxom vfows (Tasoidcaa` him (Tasoidcaa` him Lhcc`hi, 86<87 Lhcc`hi, 86<87 Lfccs, 86<27 Lfccs, 86<27 @fcgavfjl him@fcgavfjl him Iow`hi, 866>)

JLH^]OT :;

JLH^]OT :; ]LO ]LO F@^HJ]Z F@^HJ]Z AE AE EATOFIBI MFTOJ] EATOFIBI MFTOJ] FIUOZ]@OI] FIUOZ]@OI] HIM HIM O\^AT] O\^AT]

AI CHDAT ^TAM_J]FUF]V AE OI]OT^TFZOZ RF]L MFEEOTOI] JH^F]HC FI]OIZF]V

COUOCZ :.8 Fitramujtfai

: :.4 4 M Mh hth thTosohrjl usfib oitorprfso phioc mhth fs Tosohrjl usfib oitorprfso phioc mhth fs jaccojtom him prajossom era` tlo Dusfioss Zurvoy mhth jaccojtom him prajossom era` tlo Dusfioss Zurvoy mhth ae ae tlo oitorprfso, hcsa giawi hs tlo 4>8? him 4>85 Oitorprfso Zurvoy, ear oitorprfsos fi tlo braup

`hiuehjturfib fimustry ta sorvo tlo efrst bahc ]lo mhth sot ae tlo

`hiuehjturfib fimustry ta sorvo tlo efrst bahc ]lo mhth sot ae tlo stumy socojts aicy aio sud-braup ae stumy socojts aicy aio sud-braup ae roprosoithtfvo prajossfib fimustrfos ta hihcyzo chdar-fitoisfvo him jhpfthc-fitoisfvo

roprosoithtfvo prajossfib fimustrfos ta hihcyzo chdar-fitoisfvo him jhpfthc-fitoisfvo fimustrfos.fimustrfos

:.:

:.: Ostf`htfib Ostf`htfib chdar pr chdar pramujtfvfty ht amujtfvfty ht tlo oitorp tlo oitorprfso covoc rfso covoc]a ostf`hto chdar pramujtfvfty ht tlo oitorprfso covoc, tlo Jadd - Maubchs pramujtfai euijtfai fsusom

Brfcfjlos (86<5), V roprosoiBrfcfjlos (86<5), V roprosoithtfvo slaucm `ohsuro dy thtfvo slaucm `ohsuro dy tlo vhcuo-hmmom ae tlo tlo vhcuo-hmmom ae tlo efr`efr`

Vft 0  0 H H. G ft θ  C δft  (8)

]]a stumy tlo f`phjt ae EMF him a stumy tlo f`phjt ae EMF him oxparts ai chdar pramujtfvfty oquhtfai (8) fs trhisear`om doja`o;oxparts ai chdar pramujtfvfty oquhtfai (8) fs trhisear`om doja`o;

ciyft0 δ>> + δ88EMFft +δ44\ft + δff∘ \ ff + οft (4)

:.= Moefifib, `ohsurfib vhrfhdcos him :.= Moefifib, `ohsurfib vhrfhdcos him rosohrjl lypatlosos rosohrjl lypatlosos ]hdco 8; Moefifib, `ohsurfib vhrfhdcos

U

Uhhrrffhhddccoo MMooeeffiiffttffaai i hhiim m ``oohhssuurroo

EMFff Uhcuo 0 8; Fe ft fs hi EMF oitorprfso

Uhcuo 0 >; Fe ft fs iat hi EMF oitorprfsoEMFft*Zjhcoft EMF*Zjhco

 EMFft*Jhpft EMF*JhpO

Oxxppaarrtt UUhhccuuo o 0 0 88; ; FFe e ttllo o ooiittoorrpprrffsso o ooxxppaarrttss

Uhcuo 0 >; Fe tlo oitorprfso maos iat oxpart

\ft*Zjhcoft \*Zjhco

\ft*Jhpft \*JhpfthcfzhtfaiEMFft*\ft* Zjhcoft EMF*\*ZjhcoEMFft*\ft*Jhpft EMF*\*JhpfthcfzhtfaiZjhcoft Cab Cab ae tlo ae tlo efr` hssotsefr` hssots _ift ae _ift ae efr` hssoefr` hssots; `fccfai ts; `fccfai maibmaibJhpft

Cab Cab ae tlo ae tlo efr` hssefr` hssots/o`pcayoo ots/o`pcayoo _ift a_ift ae (e ( G ft 

 Cft ) `fccfai maib/o`pcayooChdarquhcftyft Hvorhbo chdar jast (tathc h`auit ae `aioy MI phys ear o`pcayoos) por 

o`pcayoo _ift; `fccfai maib / o`pcayooAwiorslfpft UUhcuo 0 8; hcuo 0 8; fe ft fe ft fs h sthto-awiom oitorprfsofs h sthto-awiom oitorprfso

Tosohrjl lypatlosos  Lypatlosfs

 Lypatlosfs L8; L8; ]loro fs ]loro fs hi hi f`phjt f`phjt ai ai tlo tlo chdar chdar pramujtfvfty ae pramujtfvfty ae U Ufotih`oso fotih`oso `hiuehjturfib `hiuehjturfib him  him   prajossfib oitorprfsos era` E

 prajossfib oitorprfsos era` EMF MF.

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L4; L4; ]lo ]lo hppohrhijo hppohrhijo ae ae oxparts oxparts fs fs oxpojtom oxpojtom ta ta lhvo lhvo hi hi f`phjt f`phjt ai ai tlo tlo chdar  chdar   pramujtfvfty ae `hiuehjturfib oi

 pramujtfvfty ae `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos torprfsos.

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L:; Chrbo-sjhco L:; Chrbo-sjhco `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos hro oxpojtom hro oxpojtom ta do ta do `aro pramujtfvo tlhi `aro pramujtfvo tlhi  s`hcc-sfzom oitorprfsos.

 Lypatlosfs L=; @hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos  Lypatlosfs L=; @hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos wftl lfblor jhpfthcfzhtfai covocs wftl lfblor jhpfthcfzhtfai covocs hro oxpojtom ta lhvo hro oxpojtom ta lhvo lfblor chdar

lfblor chdar pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L?; L?; @hiuehjturfib @hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos oitorprfsos wftl wftl h h lfblor lfblor quhcfty quhcfty ae ae lu`hi lu`hi rosaurjo rosaurjos s hro hro oxpojtom ta lhvo lfblor chdar

oxpojtom ta lhvo lfblor chdar pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L5; L5; Chdar Chdar pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty ae ae `hiuehjturfib `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos oitorprfsos passossfib passossfib mfeeoroit mfeeoroit typos typos ae  ae  oitorprfsos fs oxpojtom ta do mfeeoroit.

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L2; L2; Chdar Chdar pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty ae ae `hiuehjturfib `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos oitorprfsos cajhtom cajhtom fi fi fimustrfhc  fimustrfhc   phrgs/jcustors fs oxpojtom ta do lfblor rosohr

 phrgs/jcustors fs oxpojtom ta do lfblor rosohrjl lypatlosfs jl lypatlosfs.

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L8; L8; ]loro fs ]loro fs hi hi f`phjt f`phjt ai ai tlo tlo chdar chdar pramujtfvfty ae pramujtfvfty ae U Ufotih`oso fotih`oso `hiuehjturfib `hiuehjturfib him  him   prajossfib oitorprfsos era` E

 prajossfib oitorprfsos era` EMF MF.

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L4; L4; ]lo ]lo hppohrhijo hppohrhijo ae ae oxparts oxparts fs fs oxpojtom oxpojtom ta ta lhvo lhvo hi hi f`phjt f`phjt ai ai tlo tlo chdar  chdar   pramujtfvfty ae `hiuehjturfib oi

 pramujtfvfty ae `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos torprfsos.

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L:; Chrbo-sjhco L:; Chrbo-sjhco `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos hro oxpojtom hro oxpojtom ta do ta do `aro pramujtfvo tlhi `aro pramujtfvo tlhi  s`hcc-sfzom oitorprfsos.

 Lypatlosfs L=; @hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos  Lypatlosfs L=; @hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos wftl lfblor jhpfthcfzhtfai covocs wftl lfblor jhpfthcfzhtfai covocs hro oxpojtom ta lhvo hro oxpojtom ta lhvo lfblor chdar

lfblor chdar pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L?; L?; @hiuehjturfib @hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos oitorprfsos wftl wftl h h lfblor lfblor quhcfty quhcfty ae ae lu`hi lu`hi rosaurjo rosaurjos s hro hro oxpojtom ta lhvo lfblor chdar

oxpojtom ta lhvo lfblor chdar pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L5; L5; Chdar Chdar pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty ae ae `hiuehjturfib `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos oitorprfsos passossfib passossfib mfeeoroit mfeeoroit typos typos ae  ae  oitorprfsos fs oxpojtom ta do mfeeoroit.

 Lypatlosfs  Lypatlosfs L2; L2; Chdar Chdar pramujtfvfty pramujtfvfty ae ae `hiuehjturfib `hiuehjturfib oitorprfsos oitorprfsos cajhtom cajhtom fi fi fimustrfhc  fimustrfhc   phrgs/jcustors fs oxpojtom ta do lfblor

 phrgs/jcustors fs oxpojtom ta do lfblor

:.? Hihcytf :.? Hihcytfjhc erh`owarg him spojfefj ojaia`otrfj `amoc jhc erh`owarg him spojfefj ojaia`otrfj `amoc ta hihcyzo tlo mfeeoroitfhc oeeojt ae ta hihcyzo tlo mfeeoroitfhc oeeojt ae EMF him oxpart ta

EMF him oxpart ta chdar pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos ae mfeeoroit jhpfthc fitoisfty sojtars chdar pramujtfvfty ae oitorprfsos ae mfeeoroit jhpfthc fitoisfty sojtars