TÌNH HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÔN TRÙNG GÂY HẠI TRÊN CÂY ĂN QUẢ CÓ MÚI VÀ XÂY DỰNG BIỆN PHÁP PHÒNG TRỪ CHÚNGTÌNH HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÔN TRÙNG GÂY HẠI TRÊN CÂY ĂN QUẢ CÓ MÚI VÀ XÂY DỰNG BIỆN PHÁP PHÒNG TRỪ CHÚNG
Mục tiêu
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TỔNG QUAN VỀ TÌNH HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU 1.1 Tổng quan về tình hình nghiên cứu các loài côn trùng chính gây hại trên cây ăn quả có múi
Sâu vẽ bùa Phyllocnitis citrella Stainton
Tình hình phân bố trên thế giới
P citrella hiện diện tại nhiều nước trồng cam, quýt bưởi tại nhiệt đới và cân nhiệt đới chủ yếu là tại các vùng Đông Nam của Châu Á, phổ biến tại Ceylan, Indonesia, Philippines, Thái Lan, Malaysia, Ấn Độ, quần đảo Formosa, và cả các vùng ở phía Bắc Châu Úc ( Garg D.O., 1978) Loài này cũng hiện diện tại Trung Quốc ( Liw và Zeng, 1981), Úc ( Singh và Rao, 1980), Ả Rập Saudite ( Ayourb,
1960), Pendjab ( Latif và Yunus, 1951), Nam và Tây Phi Châu, Labanon, Libya, Mozambique, Brazil, Colombia, Oman ( CABPEST, 1988)
Trong những năm gần đây, Phyllocnitis citrella cũng đã đƣợc phát hiện tại vùng vịnh Địa Trung Hải, Florada ( Heppner, 1993), Tây Ban Nha ( Ruiz và ctv.,
1994), Irak ( Dridi, 1994), Algerie ( Berkani, A., 1995), Tunisia ( Jerraya, A., S Kheder Boulahia, 1997) và Maroc ( Ahmed Lekhchiri, 1997)
Tình hình phân bố tại Việt Nam
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Hà, tỉnh Hòa Bình Tại ĐBSCL , sâu vẽ bùa hiện diện đều khắp trên các địa bàn trồng cam, quýt, bưởi, chanh, tắc ( hạnh) và sảnh
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Jasminumsamba, liễu Salix sp., cây Murayaexotica, nguyệt quới M koenigii, quế
Cinnanomun zeylanicum ( Pruthi và ctv., 1945) Ký chủ phụ bao gồm cả Loranthus, cây Pongamia globra ( Khanna và ctv., 1996), cây giây mấu Pongania pinnata và
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Một số đặc điểm sinh học và sự biến động quần thể trong điều kiện tự nhiên
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5 bìa phiến lá, kéo bìa lá lại che kín kén và làm nhộng trong kén phía dưới chỗ mép lá cuốn lại
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Trong điều kiện của ĐBSCL với nhiệt độ và độ ẩm ít biến động, sâu vẽ bùa có thể có từ 12- 14 thế hệ trong một năm
Cách gây hại và triệu chứng
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Thanh Hà, tỉnh Hòa Bình, trên các lộc xuân và lộc non, cá bieẹt có những điểm mật độ sâu vã bùa là 48 con/5 đọt non ( Hoàng Lâm, 1993)
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Theo Ahmed Lekchiri ( 1997), các tác giả Hoa Kỳ ƣớc lƣợng một sự mất lá 10% do sâu vẽ bùa gây ra không làm ảnh hưởng trên năng suất Theo Huang và Li (
Sâu đục vỏ trái Prays citri Milliire
Acrolepia citri Milliire, Prays nephelomima Meyrick
Gây hại chủ yếu trên cam sành, cam mật, sảnh, chanh và bưởi
Pháp, Hy Lạp, Ý, Bồ Đào Nha, Cyprus, Ấn Độ, Israel, Nhật Bản, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Siri Lanka, Syria, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, Algeria, Egypt, Lybia, Mauritius, Bắc Phi, Nam Phi, Tunisie, Zimbabwe, Úc, Fiji, New Zealand, ( Crop Prorection Compendium, Module 1, CD của CAB) và Việt Nam
Một số đặc điểm sinh học
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Hình 1.3 Triệu chứng trái bị sâu đục trái tấn công
Bọ xít xanh Rhynchocoris poseidon Kirkaldy
Chủ yếu gây hại trên cam, quýt, chanh
Bangladesh, Brunei, Campuchia, Trung Quốc, Ấn Độ, Indonesia, Lào, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thái Lan, Việt Nam
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Trong điều kiện tự nhiên, trứng của bọ xít xanh thường bị nhiều loài ong ký sinh nhƣ Trissolcus latisulcus, Anastatus spp Nhiều công trình nghiên cứu tại
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Hình 1.4 Thành trùng bị xít xanh
Hình 1.5 Ấu trùng bọ xít xanh
Rầy chổng cánh Diaphorina citri Kuwayana
D citri gây hại chủ yếu trên chanh, cam, quýt, nguyệt quới, cần thăng, kim quýt
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Một số đặc điểm sinh học
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B và S Quilici, 1983), liên tiếp trong hai tháng Thời gian ủ trứng kéo dài từ 2- 11 ngày tùy mùa ( Khan KM, Radke SG và Borle MN, 1989)
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Hình 1.6 Thành trùng rầy chổng cánh Hình 1.7 Trứng rầy chổng cánh
Nhóm rệp sáp
Tổng họ: Coccoidea - Bộ: Homoptera
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Hình 1.8 Rệp sáp dính ( Nguồn: Internet)
Hình 1.9 Rệp sáp bông ( Nguồn: Internet)
Rầy mềm Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonsco- lombe, Toxoptera
Nhóm rầy mềm gây hại trên cây ăn trái có múi gồm chủ yếu hai loài
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T aurantii đƣợc ghi nhận trên 120 loài thực vật, chủ yếu trong các họ nhƣ
Anacardiaceae, Anonaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Sterculiaceae và Theaceae Ký chủ chính bao gồm cam, quít, chanh, cà phê, trà, ca cao, xoài
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Hình 1.10 Rệp cam và bọ rùa thiên địch ( ấu trùng và thành trùng)
Bù lạch ( bọ trĩ) Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood
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Anaphothrips andreae Karnay, Heliothrips minutis- simus Bagnall, Neophysopus fragariae Girault, Scirtothrips minutissimus Bagnall, Scirtothrips padnae Ramakrishna
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Bù lạch Franklinothrips megalops, Scolothrips indicus, Geocoris ochropterus và Erythrothrips asiaticus là thiên địch phổ biến và qua trọng của loài S dorsalis
Tầm gây hại kinh tế
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Hình 1.11 Triệu chứng gây hại trên lá
Hình 1.12 Triệu chứng gây hại trên quả
Công tác BVTV trong và ngoài nước
Thực hiện chương trình quản lý dịch hại tổng hợp (IPM) trên cây trồng, quản lý an toàn thực phẩm trên cây trồng
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