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National geographic special the world’s most beautiful places by national geographic society

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8 Redwood National Park, Northern California U.S.. 20 Yosemite National Park, Eastern California U.S.. 22 Mount McKinley, Denali National Park, Alaska U.S.. The winds will blow their ow

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Lake Pehoe in Torres del Paine National Park, Patagonia, Chile

The

Stunning landscapes Breathtaking vistas Awe-inspiring getaways

100

Unforgettable Destinations

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Page 1: The setting sun lights the walls at Toroweap

Point on the rim of the Grand Canyon Pages 2–3:

The Shwesandaw Pagoda temple at sunrise in

Bagan This page: A beachcomber strolls across

the sands at Frégate Island in the Seychelles.

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World Map 6

peaks & valleys 8

1–25 Verdant hills, jagged peaks, mist-shrouded jungles, rippling grasslands, rocky moors, and undulating landscapes majestic enough to steal your breath away

rivers & shores 38

26–50 Magnificent landmarks and worlds shaped by water, from bright coral reefs and white-sand shorelines to twisting rivers and glistening fjords

cities & beyond 68

51–75 Structures and foundations so beautiful it’s hard to believe that we created them: spectacular cities, architectural gems, and remnants of great civilizations past

stark & wild 98

76–100 Vistas of shimmering heat and sparkling ice, strange shapes, and sharp trasts sure to inflame your imagination and inspire the adventurous spirit

con-Illustrations Credits 128

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88 90

2 2993

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53 80 81

43

28 89

15 16

91

22

30 49 56 74

78 100

87 12 85

42

39 58

59 72

45

7 50

34 8

9

5

57 47

13 75

97

54 64 70

55 67

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17 32 24 82 37

A FE

A

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l a n

t i c O c e

a

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EQUATOR TROPIC OF CANCER

TROPIC OF CAPRICORN

ANTARCTIC CIRCLE

ARCTIC CIRCLE

Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, p 38

Guilin, Guangxi, China, p 41

Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii (U.S.) , p 42

Crater Lake, Klamath, Oregon (U.S.) , p 44

The Everglades, Southern Florida (U.S.) , p 46

Plitvice Lakes, Croatia, p 48

Clifs of Moher, County Clare, Ireland, p 50

Zanzibar, Tanzania, p 52

Big Sur, Coastal California (U.S.) , p 54

The Amazon River, South America, p 56

Bays of Fires, Eastern Tasmania, Australia, p 56

Loch Katrine, Stirling, Scotland (U.K.) , p 56

Milford Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand, p 57

Great Blue Hole, Belize, p 57

Okavango Delta, Botswana, p 57

Seychelles, Africa, p 58

Newfoundland, Eastern Canada, p 60

Iguaçu National Park, Paraná, Brazil, p 62

Lofoten Islands, Northern Norway, p 64

Tahiti, French Polynesia (France) , p 64

Kaikoura, Canterbury, New Zealand, p 64

The Lake District, England (U.K.) , p 65

Cathedral Cove, Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, p 65

Okefenokee Swamp, Southern Georgia (U.S.) , p 65

Cannon Beach, Coastal Oregon (U.S.) , p 66

rivers & shores

Saguaro National Park, Southern Arizona (U.S.) , p 8

Redwood National Park, Northern California (U.S.) , p 10

Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand, p 12

Masai Mara National Reserve, Southwestern Kenya, p 14

Torres del Paine, Patagonia, Chile, p 16

Tuscany, Central Italy, p 18

Olympic National Park, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (U.S.) , p 20

Yosemite National Park, Eastern California (U.S.) , p 22

Mount McKinley, Denali National Park, Alaska (U.S.) , p 24

Jeju Island, South Korea, p 26

Taktshang Monastery, Bhutan, p 26

Bryce Canyon, Southwestern Utah (U.S.) , p 26

Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland, p 27

Alpine National Park, Victoria, Australia, p 27

Glacier National Park, Northern Montana (U.S.) , p 27

Jasper National Park, Alberta (CANADA) , p 28

Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland, p 30

Annapurna Sanctuary, Nepal, p 32

Jotunheimen National Park, Besseggen, Norway, p 34

Munnar, Western Ghats, India, p 34

Cradle Mountain National Park, Tasmania, Australia, p 34

Autumn in New England, Vermont (U.S.) , p 35

Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand, p 35

The Highlands, Scotland (U.K.) , p 35

Bali Rain Forest, Bali, Indonesia, p 36

peaks & valleys

peaks & valleys rivers & shores cities & beyond stark & wild

map key

The

beautiful World’s Most places

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14 92

26 77

36

46 48

27 95

83

62 61

23

86 38

68 98

c t i c O c e a n

Indian Ocean

0 2000 km

cities & beyond

Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany, p 68 Rome, Italy, p 70

Machu Picchu, Peru, p 72 Oxford, England (U.K.) , p 74 Sintra, Portugal, p 76 Savannah, Georgia (U.S.) , p 78 Bergen, Western Norway, p 78 Chichén Itzá, Yucatán, Mexico, p 78 New York City, New York (U.S.) , p 79 Kyoto, Japan, p 79

Rostov Veliky, Russia, p 79 Saint Petersburg, Russia, p 80 The Great Wall of China, China, p 82 London, England (U.K.) , p 84 Santorini, Greece, p 86 Bagan, Myanmar, p 88 Seville, Andalusia, Spain, p 90 Istanbul, Turkey, p 92 Pyramids of Giza, Egypt, p 94 Amsterdam, The Netherlands, p 94 Petra, Ma’an, Jordan, p 94 Washington, District of Columbia (U.S.) , p 95 Cape Town, South Africa, p 95

Mesa Verde, Colorado (U.S.) , p 95 Paris, France, p 96

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74

75

stark & wild

Artic Circle, Sweden (Kiruna, Lapland), p 98 Devils Marbles, Outback Australia, p 100 Badlands National Park, South Dakota (U.S.) , p 102 Ice sheets, Antarctica (ice flow on the Southern Ocean), p 104 Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia, p 106

Galápagos Islands (Ecuador) , South America, p 108 Landmannalaugar, Southern Iceland, p 108 Chocolate Hills, Bohol Island, Philippines, p 108 Sossusvlei Dunes, Namibia, Africa (Namib Naukluft National Park), p 109 Racetrack Playa, Death Valley, California (U.S.) , p 109

Emerald Lakes, Tongariro National Park, New Zealand, p 109 Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (U.S.) , p 110 Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona (Wotan’s Throne on the north rim) (U.S.) , p 112 Haleakala Crater, Maui, Hawaii (U.S.) , p 114

Mojave Desert, (U.S.) , p 116 Northwest Passage, Canada, p 118 The Pinnacles, Cervantes, Australia (Nambung National Park), p 118 Oregon Lava Fields, Oregon (U.S.) , p 118

Simien Mountain National Park, Ethiopia, p 119 Lake Baikal, Siberia, Russia, p 119

Socotra, Yemen, p 119 Sahara Desert, Africa (Erg Chebbi, Maroc), p 120 Mineral Forest, Pamukkale, Turkey, p 122 K2, Karakoram Range, China/Pakistan, p 124 The Prairies, Midwestern U.S (Flint Hills), p 126

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

100 7 

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Saguaro cacti near Tucson: The cacti grow naturally only in the Sonoran Desert and can reach heights of 60 feet and live for up to 150 years.

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“Climb the mountains

and get their good tidings The winds will blow their

own freshness into you,

and the storms their energy, while cares will drop of

2

redwood national park

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Big is beautiful when it comes to coast redwoods

(Sequoia sempervirens), and they don’t come much

bigger than in Redwood National Park, which tects a precious relic forest—some 45 percent of all surviving coast redwood habitat—whose 350-foot- tall, 2,000-year-old trees are among the world’s oldest and tallest living organisms.

pro-DON’T MISSThe 32-mile Avenue of the Giants (Route 254) gives access

to the region’s finest forest and the world’s largest ing stand of virgin redwoods

surviv-Redwoods reach for the sky in Redwood National Park, part

of an ecosystem that is 160 million years old.

1 0   P E A K S & V A L L E Y S

i n the collection of unique and iconic places

contained within these pages, the notion that

beauty is in the eye of the beholder is disproved

We may experience diferent feelings as we

stand before the Grand Canyon, Machu Picchu,

or Rome’s eternal ruins, but some strand links

them and their power to inspire Sometimes

we can look and know Sometimes we simply

recognize a place for what it is—one of the most

beautiful places on Earth.

We start with the world’s great peaks, which

inspire great awe; no wonder we have long been

drawn to them To gaze on the majesty of Alaska’s

Mount McKinley or the great Himalayan summits

that ring Nepal’s Annapurna Sanctuary is to

under-stand why the ancients and our elders reserved

the highest places for their gods To hike, climb,

or look on the world’s mountains is to escape our

earthbound lives.

Valleys are diferent Their beauty still inspires

awe—as in the immense savanna of Kenya’s Masai

Mara or among the clifs and rocky amphitheaters

of America’s Bryce Canyon—but often valleys are

places of habitation whose gentler beauty owes

something to a human touch, such as the

vine-yards and olive groves of Tuscany or the emerald

patchwork of paddy fields across the lowlands of

northern Thailand.

The spaces between the realms of peak and valley ofer up resplendent landscapes of infinite variety, from the verdant rain forests of Bali and wildflower meadows of Montana’s Glacier National Park to the glittering turquoise lakes of Patagonia’s high plateaus and New England’s dulcet hills and villages, whose blaze of autumnal color reminds us that beauty need not be in thrall to the seasons.

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1 2   P E A K S & V A L L E Y S

chiang mai

province

NORTHERN THAILAND

The landscapes of Chiang Mai are as varied as

the many peoples that have long been drawn

to this area of Thailand, one of Southeast

Asia’s most important historical crossroads

Paddy fields fill the lowlands and sinuous

hillside terraces with a vivid patchwork of

jade and emerald Encroaching on all sides is

the darker, denser green of jungle, laced with

slow-flowing rivers and shadowed by

moun-tains like Doi Inthanon (8,415 ft/2,565 m) and

Doi Chiang Dao (7,136 ft/2,175 m), two of the

country’s highest peaks.

DON’T MISS

The region’s capital, Chiang Mai, has a moated old

town that has retained its charm and is a base for

excursions to out-of-the-way tribal villages and for

cycling, hiking, elephant trekking, bird-watching,

and rafting trips in the surrounding backcountry

Paddy fields near Chiang Mai; about half of Thailand’s

arable land is given over to rice production.

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1 4   P E A K S & VA L L E Y S

masai mara national reserve

SOUTHWESTERN KENYA

When the sun sets in the Masai Mara National

Reserve, Africa’s vast skies fill with stars as

the tree-dotted grasslands and low

escarp-ments of the savanna below are bathed in

a gentle golden glow Shadows gather and

the dry, searing heat of the day gives way to

the balmy stillness of twilight, a cooling calm

before the storm of evening activity erupts

among many of the thousands of

crea-tures—lions, leopards, elephants, rhinoceros,

hyenas, and more—that call this corner of

southwestern Kenya home.

DON’T MISS

Visit the Masai Mara in August, when 1.2 million

wildebeests, 750,000 zebras, and other animals

driven north by drought arrive in the region during

the “Great Migration” from the Serengeti plains of

neighboring Tanzania

Sunset over the Masai Mara (right) and a cheetah

(above), which likes to hunt when the sun is low

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1 7   P E A K S & VA L L E Y S

torres del

paine

PATAGONIA, CHILE

Yes, they are torres—towers—but no

human-made tower has the awe-inspiring grandeur

of the vast, soaring granite monoliths at the heart of the Torres del Paine massif Yet this great easterly spur of the Andes, protected

by a 935-square-mile (2,422 sq km) national park, ofers far more than skyscraping spires and pinnacles Trails wend through pine-scented forest, past emerald lakes, and across windswept plains to the fringes of the Grey, Dickson, and other glaciers of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.

DON’T MISS

Day hikes on good, marked trails ofer views of the Paine’s celebrated pinnacles Hikers can follow the famous “W” trail through the mountains in five days,

staying at refugios, or make a full circuit of the

mas-sif in eight or nine days

Sunrise casts the granite spires and rock walls of Patagonia’s Paine massif in a golden glow.

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tuscany

CENTRAL ITALY Tuscany is blessed, even by Italy’s high stan- dards In Florence, it has Europe’s greatest Renaissance city, and in Siena, its most perfect medieval town Hilltop villages look much as they have for centuries, and the timeless landscapes, worked over millennia, are a tapestry of vineyards, age-old olive groves, cypress-topped hills, rustic farm- houses, and fields of wheat and summer sunflowers Visitors gorged on art and scen- ery can feast on the region’s sublime food

or sample wine at a profusion of wineries.

DON’T MISS

The Val d’Orcia (Orcia Valley), south of Siena, mizes all that is best in Tuscany, home to pastoral landscapes and a lovely abbey—Sant’Antimo—as well

epito-as a trio of its most captivating small towns: Pienza, Montalcino, and Montepulciano

Olives, cypresses, vineyards, and rolling hills—a classic Tuscan landscape in the Orcia Valley near Pienza

1 9   P E A K S & VA L L E Y S

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The U.S National Park Service has called this picturesque expanse “three parks in one.” Only three? Someone needs to recount, because few areas in North America are quite as varied Land- scape proliferates, from the wild beaches at the park’s fringes, through vast tracts of old-growth rain forest dense with mossy undergrowth and fast-flowing streams, to the alpine meadows and deep-cut valleys that herald the glaciers at the park’s jagged, mountainous heart.

DON’T MISSFew roads penetrate the park’s mountainous interior, but Hurricane Ridge ofers accessible alpine and Nordic skiing, along with superb views of the surrounds

Deer graze (above) on sloping fields at Hurricane Ridge in Olympic National Park; a bunchberry flower (left) nestles among ferns.

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yosemite

national park

EASTERN CALIFORNIA Some 900,000 visitors flock to Yosemite National Park in an average July By January, that figure has fallen to just 26,000, making winter a wonderful time to visit, not just for the lack of crowds but also for the added splendor that snow lends to the landscape and the ice-sharp clarity of the mountains

on crisp, blue-skied days Join rangers on guided snowshoe hikes, sit in a warm shuttle bus on a drive around the park, or just curl

up in front of the fire at the Ahwahnee Hotel, a national historical landmark.

DON’T MISS

Some trails remain open in the Yosemite Valley in winter, and there’s skiing at nearby Badger Pass You can also skate outdoors at Curry Village in the shadow of Half Dome and Glacier Point, two of the park’s most spectacular natural features

The sun-dappled rock walls of El Capitan loom over a snowy Merced River in Yosemite National Park.

2 3   P E A K S & V A L L E Y S

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You might come to see bears foraging in

the brush or to admire the sublime

moun-tain scenery along the 90-mile Denali Park

Road, or with the hope of spotting moose

and herds of caribou in the Teklanika Valley

Whatever you come to see in Denali National

Park, a protected area about the size of

Mas-sachusetts, you won’t want to leave without

a glimpse of its majestic centerpiece: the

20,320-foot (6,196 m) Mount McKinley,

the highest point in North America.

DON’T MISS

Companies in the park are licensed to take visitors

dogsledding, a Denali tradition—park rangers ran

dog-team patrols as far back as the 1920s Sleds can

cover 30 miles in a day, an unforgettable way to see

the park’s wildlife and winter vistas

A canoe trip on Wonder Lake in Denali National Park,

Alaska, with Mount McKinley in the background

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taktshang »

monastery

BHUTAN

Few outsiders visit the Himalayan

kingdom of Bhutan, and even fewer

climb to Taktshang, or the Tiger’s

Nest, a clif-edge Buddhist monastery

founded in the 17th century and

situated at 10,236 feet (3,120 m),

nestled in pristine and mist-shrouded

mountains that rise above mostly

untouched forests

Taktshang Monastery, the Tiger’s Nest,

in remote western Bhutan

of natural erosion and the nial work of frost, wind, and water Then stand back and admire one of nature’s most dazzling creations— the immense rock amphitheaters and rock pinnacles, or hoodoos,

A dormant volcanic crater on Hallasan, South Korea’s highest point

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Sweeping mountain ridges, jagged

peaks, wild rivers, snow gum forests,

flower-filled meadows, and high

plains grasslands—even in a country

as vast and as rich in landscape as

Australia, the wide-open spaces of

Alpine National Park have a unique

natural grandeur

The lookout at Fainters North ofers

views over the sloping peaks and

meadows of the Bogong High Plains.

Immense rock walls soar above the meadows of the Lauterbrunnen Valley, where visitors will find pleasant cafés from which to view them.

15

glacier national park

to almost two million visitors a year

Glacier (yellow avalanche) lilies at Logan Pass in Glacier National Park

«

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2 8   P E A K S & V A L L E Y S

jasper

national park

ALBERTA, CANADA

Winter, spring, summer, or fall—it makes no

diference: the majesty of Jasper National

Park, at the heart of the Canadian

Rock-ies, remains undiminished This varied and

pristine landscape, which is also the largest

national park in the Rockies, cries out to

outdoor enthusiasts who flock here

year-round to experience a wilderness of river,

forest, mountain, and ice, seduced by its

magnificent trails, soaring peaks, pristine

powder, and crashing white water.

DON’T MISS

Drive through the finest scenery in the Canadian

Rockies—past immense peaks, incredible glaciers,

wildflower meadows, and iridescent lakes—on the

143-mile (230 km) Icefields Parkway from Jasper to

Lake Louise

Sun-tinged peaks and wisps of early morning mist

frame Spirit Island and its reflection, captured in the

waters of Jasper’s Maligne Lake.

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COUNTY KERRY, IRELAND

“It’s a soft day,” the Irish will say to describe

a mizzling afternoon with a bit of rain Soft

days come often to Killarney, in Ireland’s

southwest corner, courtesy of the Atlantic

and the Gulf Stream, but the result is a

verdant landscape of bubbling brooks,

water-falls, and lakes framed by dulcet woods of

oak and yew, lush banks of ferns, and

fuchsia-tinged hedgerows Above it all soar the steep

slopes of the country’s highest mountains,

the magnificently named MacGillycuddy’s

Reeks (3,406 ft/1,038 m).

DON’T MISS

Any Irish visit must take in the craic (the fun), so

spend an evening exploring Killarney and its

old-time pubs Then allow two days for the Ring of Kerry,

a 111-mile (179 km) drive around the region’s finest

lakes, mountains, and monuments

Historic monuments, such as Ross Castle outside

Killarney, are a feature of County Kerry’s landscapes.

3 0   P E A K S & V A L L E Y S

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3 2   P E A K S & V A L L E Y S

annapurna

sanctuary

NEPAL

The Annapurna Sanctuary is a magnificent

mountain-ringed glacial basin situated above

13,000 feet (4,000 m) in the heart of the

Himalaya Sacred to the local Gurung people

and unseen by outsiders until the 1950s, it

has become a popular trekking destination,

largely because it serves as the base camp

for climbers tackling the peaks of the

sur-rounding Annapurna range But no technical

skills are required for the multiday trek up to

the camp, nor for the increasingly popular

day hikes in and around the sanctuary.

DON’T MISS

The trek to the sanctuary climbs through ever more

spectacular scenery, from the Himalayan foothills

to the high mountains of the sanctuary Stays in

“teahouses” in the Annapurna Conservation Area

ofer insights into the daily life of Nepali villages

Prayer flags flutter at the Annapurna base camp, one

of the world’s most popular trekking destinations.

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munnar »

WESTERN GHATS, INDIA

The Western Ghats are among the

world’s grandest and most diverse

mountain ranges, stretching almost

1,000 miles (1,600 km) down India’s

western coast At least 139 species of

mammals and 508 bird species thrive

here Among the 5,000 species of

flora is one that has greatly improved

the lot of humankind over the

millen-nia: Camellia sinensis, the tea plant,

dressing the hills in vibrant greens

Tea plantations swathe the slopes of

the Western Ghats around Munnar.

19

jotunheimen national park

BESSEGGEN, NORWAY

Vast lakes of sparkling water weave through high, wind-scoured mountain ridges in this magnificently empty, ice-carved park Hikers tackling the region’s tough but popular seven-hour Besseggen Trail will experience some of the breathtaking grandeur of

a region Norwegians call the “Land of the Giants.”

The view from the top of the gen Trail is one of Norway’s finest.

Besseg-21

cradle mountain national park

TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA

Jagged peaks, ancient rain forest, beech woods, and alpine heathland make up much of Cradle Mountain’s pristine wilderness, a haven for remarkable wildlife that is crisscrossed

by trails such as the Overland Track, one of Australia’s finest bush walks

Beech trees cloak the slopes between Lake Wilks and Cradle Mountain.

«

«

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All but one of New Zealand’s loftiest

peaks can be found in this awe-inspiring

alpine park, including Aoraki, or Mount

Cook (12,316 ft/3,754 m), the country’s

highest point Trails to suit all abilities

ofer a window onto a spectacular world

of ice and snow

A climber admires the dawn view over

the cloud-covered Mueller Glacier high in

the Southern Alps of New Zealand.

22

autumn in new england

CENTRAL VERMONT

A region that is already prettier than

a picture—all village greens, red barns, and steepled churches—becomes prettier still as the leaves start to turn in the fall Countless festivals celebrate this transforma-tion, which is one of the greatest free shows on Earth

russet-Autumn wraps New England’s towns and countryside in a blaze of dazzling seasonal color.

Winter settles over Glencoe at the heart of the Scottish Highlands.

«

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3 6   P E A K S & VA L L E Y S

bali

rain forest

BALI, INDONESIA

Dawn sees Bali’s lush rain forest at its most

beautiful Pale sunlight dapples verdant

glades where dew falls and the

morning-fresh air is alive with birdsong Mist rises

above the trees and settles in the deep

val-leys that radiate from towering volcanoes

at the island’s heart Waterfalls crash over

moss-covered rocks, and fast-flowing rivers

carve through narrow canyons The

Bali-nese, up with the sun, come to leave

ofer-ings at the estimated 20,000 Hindu temples

that lie, half-hidden, deep within the forest.

DON’T MISS

The best way to see the heart of the rain forest is

on a rafting tour from a base in Ubud, Bali’s cultural

center, riding the surging white water of the Ayung

River as it runs through a beautiful, forest-shrouded

gorge north of town

The Ayung River cuts a swath through the

under-growth and luxuriant forest canopy of central Bali.

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