Analysis of green economy of india proje

2bi l i onpeopl eandt hemostpopul ousdemocr acyi nt hewor l d.Si nce1991I ndi aaccept ed t heLPGpol i cyandbecameoneoft hef ast estgr owi ngmaj oreconomi es.Butt oday,t her ear e manyenv

Anal ysi sofGr eenEconomyofI ndi a

APr oj ectSubmi t edi nt hePar t alFul f l mentoft he

Requi r ement sf ort heDegr eeof

Bachel or sofAr t

i Economi cs ( 2016-2019)

DEPARTMENTOFECONOMI CS FERGUSSONCOLLEGE( AUTONOMOUS) ,PUNE

It aket hi soppor t uni t yt oexpr essadeepsenseofgr at i udet oDr R Par desi ,Pr i nci pal ,Fer gussoncol l ege( Aut onomous) pune,f orhi s cor di alsuppor tashegavet heper mi ssi ont ouseal lr equi r ed

equi pmentandt henecessar ymat er i alt ocompl et et hepr oj ect

It aket hi soppor t uni t yt oexpr essmypr of oundgr at i udeanddeep

r egar dt oDr Ni r mal aTal ape,Headoft hedepar t ment

( Economi cs) Fer gussoncol l ege( Aut onomous) pune, andourgui d

pr of essorMr Ashi shKhobr agadesi rf orhi sexempl ar ygui dance, moni t or i ngandconst antencour agementt hr oughoutt hecour seoft hi s

pr oj ect Thebl essi ng,hel pandgui dancegi venbyhi st i met ot i me shal lcar r ymeal ongwayi nt hej our neyofl i eonwhi chIamabout

t oembar k.

Last l y,It hankal mi ght y,mypar ent s,br ot her ,si st er sandf r endsf or

t hei rconst antencour agementwi t houtwhi cht hi spr oj ectwoul dnotbe possi bl e.

Exami ner s’Cer t f cat e

Thi si st ocer t f yt hatt hepr oj ectt i l ed

_

submi t edby

hasbeenassessedandgr adedt owar dst hepar t alf ul f l mentoft hedegr eeofB A Economi csi nt heacademi cyear2018- 19.

I NTRODUCTI ON

St at ementoft hePr obl em

Pur poseoft heSt udy

Dat aGat her i ng

Met hodol ogy

CHAPTER4

PRESENTATI ONOFFI NDI NGS

Resul t sofSecondar yResear ch

DI SCUSSI ON/CONCLUSI ONS

Concl usi ons

Recommendat i ons

Fut ur eScope

APPENDI CES

BI BLI OGRAPHY

I nt r oduct i on

I ndi ai st hesevent hl ar gestcount r ybyar ea,t hesecondmostpopul ouscount r ywi t hover

1 2bi l i onpeopl eandt hemostpopul ousdemocr acyi nt hewor l d.Si nce1991I ndi aaccept ed

t heLPGpol i cyandbecameoneoft hef ast estgr owi ngmaj oreconomi es.Butt oday,t her ear e manyenvi r onment alpr obl emsandi ssuesi nI ndi a.Ther ef or e,t her ei st heneedf orusi ng

al t er nat i vemodelofdevel opmentknownasgr eeneconomy.Theconceptofgr eeneconomy

i sbei ngdi scussedi nr ecentdecadef orachi evi ngsust ai nabi l t yi ni ncl usi vegr owt hand

devel opmentofr espect i vear eaofcount r esoft heWor l d.I nt her ecentyear s,di scussi on

ar oundsust ai nabi l t yhasbecomeakeyel ementoft hegl obalagendaandpl an.Thi si s

becauset henewestandcur r entsci ent i i cst udi eswi t hourdi r ectexper i encesofenvi r onment al damageandcl i mat echangear emaki ngi tcl eart hepr esenteconomi cdevel opmentmodel needst ochange.Ther ef or e,UNGener alAssembl ydeci dedt ohol dasummi ti nRi ode

Janei r oi n2012t ocel ebr at et he20t hanni ver sar yoft hef i stRi oEar t hSummi ti n1992.Mai n

t hemeoft hi sconf er encewas“Gr eeneconomyi nt hecont extofSust ai nabl eDevel opment andPover t yEr adi cat i on”

Acr osst hewor l d,Gr eenEconomyconcepthasbeengai ni nggr oundandI ndi ai snoexcept i on.

Gr eenEconomyi sadevel opmentst r at egywhi chhar moni sesbot heconomi cdevel opment andecol ogi calsust ai nabi l t y.St at edobj ect i vesofenvi r onment - r endl ysust ai nabl emeasur es have,sof ar ,l ar gel ynotbeenmeti ndevel opi ngcount r esduet oover power i ngneedofbasi c devel opmentpr i or i i es,l ackoff undf l owf r omt hedevel opedwor l df ormi t gat i onand

adapt at i onpur poses,et c.I ndi ai sf aci ngt hepr obl emofco- exi st enceoft heconvent i onal economi cgr owt hst r at egyandpi ecemealef f or t st omaket heeconomyr eadyt omi t gat eand adaptt ot hecl i mat echangei ssues.

Adopt i ngt hemul t - di mensi onalGr eenconcepti sgoi ngt ohaver i ppl eef f ect sonempl oyment ,

t ade,agr i cul t ur e,domest i ci ndust r es,busi nesspat t er n,whi ch,accor di ngl y,r equi r eext ensi ve

f scalr ef or ms,vi gi l anceonchangi ngi nt er nat i onalt r ader el at i onsandt r adepat t er ns,ski l devel opment ,i ndi genousr esear chanddevel opmentf orr esour ceef f ci ency,pol i i cal

st ewar dshi p,publ i cawar eness,et c.Judi ci ousi ncl usi onofsust ai nabi l t yf act ori nt ot he

ongoi ngeconomi cdeci si onsf orboost i ngi nf r ast r uct ur eandmanuf act ur i ngcansett hi ngs

r ol l ngf orput t ngt heI ndi aneconomyont heGr eenEconomypat h Af t ert heGl obalFi nanci al

Cr i si s,t hewor l dhasdeci dedt oadoptGLOBALGREENECONOMYConceptwi t ht he obj ect i veofr evi vi ngt hewor l deconomy,savi ngandcr eat i ngj obs,andpr ot ect i ngvul ner abl e

gr oups,pr omot i ngsust ai nabl eandi ncl usi vegr owt h,r educi ngr i sksf r omcar bondependency andecosyst emdegr adat i onandt heachi evementoft heMi l enni umDevel opmentGoal s

( MDGs) ,2000.Asgover nment sst ar t eddevi si nganewi nt er nat i onalf i nanci alar chi t ect ur et o

pr eventsuchcr i sesi nf ut ur eoft hi sscal eandwayst oj umpst ar teconomi cr ecover y,t hey begant or ecogni seandaddr esst her i sksemanat i ngf r omeendofachi evi ngt hegoacl i mat e change.Gr eenEconomyi sbasedonasetoft r ansf or mat i veact i ons-ambi t ousandf ar -

r eachi ng.Thet r ansi t ont oaGr eenEconomyi nt hecont extofsust ai nabl edevel opmentand pover t yer adi cat i onmustbeunder pi nnedbyanet hi calf r amewor kofshar edval uesand

pr i nci pl est hatext endbeyondt het r adi t onalt echnol ogy–basedeconomi csyst em.

ThenewconceptofGr eenEconomyi snei t hert or epl acet hehol i st i candi ncl usi vei deaof Sust ai nabl eDevel opment ,norcani tbeconsi der edi ndependentoft hatgui di ngpr i nci pl e,

r at hert heGr eenEconomyneedst obeunder st oodasameanst ot hl sandpr i nci pl est hathave

beensetoutwi t hi nt heconceptofSust ai nabl eDevel opment TheGr eenEconomyi mpl i es pover t yer adi cat i onandsoci alj ust i ceast hemai npur posesofanecol ogi cal l ysound

economi csyst em.TheconceptofaGr eenEconomyi sashi f ti npar adi gmsandi tshoul dnot

r emai nanchor edi nt hepr esentcapi t al i stpr oduct i on- consumpt i onmodelandhol dsont o economi cgr owt hast hedeci si vei ndi cat orf ordevel opment ,pr ogr essandhumanwel l bei ng Thegr owi ngi nequal i i esandpoweri mbal ancesofoureconomi csyst emsmakesequi t yast he cor nerst oneofaGr eenEconomywhi chneedst oaddr esst heer adi cat i onofpover t yt o

achi evesoci alandeconomi cj ust i ce.

Thepaperi sadescr i pt i veanal ysi sbasedont heavai l abl ef act sandf i gur es,dot t edwi t

compar i sonswi t hot heremer gi ngcount r est ohi ghl i ghtt hepr esentst at usofI ndi a.Whi l acknowl edgi ngt hei mpor t anceofdevel opmentofst r at egi est oadoptt hepr i nci pl esofGr een Economyi nt unewi t hst ageofeconomi cdevel opment ,t hepaperpoi nt soutt hecr i i calgaps andpr obl emsf acedbyI ndi aaswel last hei rpossi bl esol ut i ons.

St at ementoft hepr obl em

I ndi ahasbeenbl essedwi t hanabundanceofnat ur alr esour cesl i kef er t l esoi l ,vol umi nous

r ver swhi chhavemanyt r but ar i esanddi st r but ar i es,f or est sandpl ent yofmi ner aldeposi t s TheDeccanPl at eaui sr i chi nbl acksoi landhencet hegr owt hofcot t oni ndust r esi s

concent r at edi nt hatar ea.TheI ndo- Ganget i cpl ai nf r omt heAr abi anSeat ot heBayofBengal

i saver yf er t l er egi on.I ti saver ydensel ypopul at edar eaandi si nt ensi vel ycul t vat ed.The

f or est sar eunevenl ydi st r but edbutst i lpr ovi deacoverf ort hewi l dl i eandpr ovi deagr een coverf ort hepopul at i on.I ndi ahasabout20%oft hei r onor edeposi t si nt hewor l d.Weal so haveabundanceofnat ur algasandcoal Bauxi t e,t i n,copper ,di amond,gol det car eal so avai l abl ei nvar i ouspar t soft hecount r y.Theeconomi cgr owt hoft heI ndi aneconomyhas

r esul t edi nst r essonournat ur alr esour ceswhi chhasi nt ur naf f ect edt hehumanheal t hand wel lbei ngofourpopul at i on.Thet hr eatt oourenvi r onmentposesadi chot omy:Pover t

i nducedenvi r onment aldegr adat i onandt her ei st hr eatf r ompol l ut i oncausedbyt hewast esof

t hei ndust r alsect orgr owi ngataf astpace.Ai rpol l ut i on,wat erpol l ut i on,soi ler osi on,

def or est at i onandext i nct i onofwi l dl i ear esomeoft hemosti mpor t antenvi r onment ali ssues whi chI ndi ahast oaddr esssoon.Thepr i or i yi ssuesar ei dent i i edas

:1.Landdegr adat i on

2.Lossofbi odi ver si t

3.Ai rpol l ut i onespeci al l ycausedbyvehi cul art r af f ci nt heur bansect or

4.Managementoff r eshwat er

5.Sol i dwast emanagementTheunst abl euseofl andandi nappr opr i at emanagement

pr act i cesr esul ti nt hevar yi ngdegr eeandt ypesofdegr adat i onofl and.

Someoft hecausesofl andSt at eofI ndi a' sEnvi r onmentFr eedegener at i onar e:Lossof veget at i onasar esul tofdef or est at i onHi ghr at eofext r act i onoff odderandf uelShi f i ng cul t vat i onEncr oachmenti nt of or estar easOver gr azi ngandf or estf i esNotadopt i ngsoi l conser vat i onmet hodsI mpr opercr opr ot at i onUsi ngchemi cal ssuchaspest i ci desand

f er t l zer si ndi scr i mi nat el yI mpr opermanagementandpl anni ngofi r i gat i onsyst ems

Excessi veext r act i onofgr oundwat erwhi chi snotmat chedbyt her echar gi ngcapaci t esof

t heenvi r onmentOpenaccesst ot her esour cesPover t yoft hepeopl eoft heagr i cul t ur alsect or Thedemogr aphi calar eaofI ndi ai sj ust2 5%oft hewor l d' sar eabutwesuppor tabout16%of

t hewor l dpopul at i onand20%oft hewor l dl i vest ockpopul at i on.Henceenor mouspr essur es

ar eexer t edonourcount r y' snat ur alr esour cesduet ot hehi ghpopul at i ondensi t yandt he compet i i oni nt heuseofl andf orpast ur es,f or est ,f ar ms,r esi denceandi ndust r es.Theper capi t af or est l andi nourcount r yhast obe 47hect ar ei nor dert omeett hebasi cr equi r ement s butatpr esenti ti samer e 08hect ar e.Thi sr esul t si nt hef el l ngofabout15mi l i oncubi c met r ef or est sovert heper mi ssi bl el i mi t Thesoi ler osi oni satt her at eof5 3bi l i ont onnesa yearf orourcount r yandasar esul twel ose 8mi l i ont onesofni t ogen,1 8mi l i ont onesof phosphor ousand26 3mi l i ont onesofpot assi umever yyear Thequant i yofnut r ent sl ostby

I ndi aever yyearduet osoi ler osi oni sbet ween5 8t o8 4mi l i ont ones.Ai rpol l ut i oni swi de spr eadi nourcount r ywi t hvehi cl esbei ngt hemai ncause.Somear easal sohaveahi gh

concent r at i onofi ndust r esandt her malpowerpl ant swhi chal socauseai rpol l ut i on.

Vehi cul aremi ssi onsar eatgr oundl evelandhencehavemaxi mumnegat i vei mpactont heai r Thenumberofmot orvehi cl eswasest i mat edt obeabout67cr or esi n2003compar edt o3

l akhsi n1951.Per sonalt r anspor tvehi cl esmai nl yt wowheel er sconst i ut e80%oft he

vehi cul art r af f c.Wear eamongstt het opt enmosti ndust r al i zednat i onsoft hi swor l d.Thi s

i ndust r al i zat i onhasal socer t ai nunwant edandunant i ci pat edi mpact ssuchasunpl anned

ur bani zat i on,pol l ut i onandahi ghr i skofacci dent s.TheCent r alPol l ut i onCont r olBoar d ( CPCB)hasgi venal i stof17i ndust r esbot hsmal lscal eandl ar gescal eassi gni f cant l

pol l ut i ng.Thuswecanseet hatt hevar i ousenvi r onment alchal l engesf acedbyI ndi aar e enor mous.Themeasur esadopt edbyt hegover nmenthasnotyetyi el dedanysi gni f cant

r esul t sbutasl ongast hegover nmentt akessust ai nedmeasur eswecanachi evei mpr ovement

i nover comi ngourenvi r onment alchal l enges.I nor dert oover comet hesechal l engest he

f ut ur egener at i onhast obekepti nmi nd.Devel opmentofourl i est yl eswi t houtgi vi nga

t houghtt ot hedepl et i onoft heenvi r onmentwi l ldegr adeandcauseadegener at i onoft he envi r onment

Sol ut i on

Thedegr adat i onofenvi r onmentcausemanypr obl emst husweneedt ogetr i dofi toratl east

mi ni mi sei tsot hegoalofSust ai nabl egr owt hanbeachi evet hi snecessi t ygi vest hebi r ht o

t heconceptofGr eenEconomy

The  gr eeneconomy  i sdef i nedasan  economy   hatai msatr educi ngenvi r onment alr i sks andecol ogi calscar ci t es,andt hatai msf or   sust ai nabl edevel opment   wi t hout   degr adi ngt he envi r onment I ti scl osel yr el at edwi t h  ecol ogi caleconomi cs , Wi ki pedi a)

The2011  UNEP   Gr eenEconomyRepor tar gues"t hatt obegr een,aneconomymustnot onl ybeef f ci ent ,butal sof ai r Fai r nessi mpl i esr ecogni si nggl obalandcount r yl evelequi t

di mensi ons,par t cul ar l yi nassur i ngaj ustt r ansi t ont oaneconomyt hati sl ow- car bon,

r esour ceef f ci ent ,andsoci al l yi ncl usi ve "

I ndi a canmakegr eengr owt har eal i ybyput t ngi npl acest r at egi est or educeenvi r onment al degr adat i onatt hemi ni malcostof0 02%t o0 04%ofaver ageannualGDPgr owt hr at e Accor di ngt oanewWor l dBankr epor tr el easedt oday,t hi swi l lal l owI ndi at omai nt ai na

hi ghpaceofeconomi cgr owt hwi t houtj eopar di zi ngf ut ur eenvi r onment alsust ai nabi l t y Pur poseoft hest udy

Ani ncl usi vegr eeneconomyi sanal t er nat i vet ot oday' sdomi nanteconomi cmodel ,whi ch exacer bat esi nequal i i es,encour ageswast e,t r gger sr esour cescar ci t es,andgener at es

wi despr eadt hr eat st ot heenvi r onmentandhumanheal t h.Sot hemai nobj ect i vesoft hest udy

wi l lbe.

1.Under st andi ngofgr eeneconomy:

Her ewewi l lmost l yconcent r at eont her eot i caldef i ni t onandemer genceoft heconceptof

gr eeneconomy

2.Anal ysi sofgr eeneconomyofI ndi a

I nt hi swewi l lanal yseal lt het hi ngswhi char epossi bl et ost udyt henecessi t y,past,pr esent andf ut ur esi t uat i onr egar di nggr eeneconomyofI ndi a

Resear chquest i ons

Asoff i stquar t erof2018I ndi a’ sGDPgr ewbywhoppi ng8 2per centwhi chmeansI ndi ai s

t hemaj oreconomywhi chl eadi ngt hegr owt hofwor l deconomy,butt hesedi gi t sar enot suf f ci enti texcl udet hedegr adat i onofenvi r onmentsomyquest i onsar e

1 whet herI ndi acansust ai ni t shi ghgr owt hpr ospectandsoci et ali mpr ovement si fi t cont i nuest oadoptt hecur r entpat hofgr owt horati t susualst r at egy

2   ft heanswerofmyf i str esear chquest i oni si nt henegat i ve,t henmysecondr esear ch quest i oni showt henewGr eenEconomyconceptcanbeusef uli nmaki ngI ndi aabl e

t oachi evei t sgoal sofdevel opi ngatr api dspaceandwi t hsust ai nabi l t

Si gni f canceoft hest udy

Themai nobj ect i veofr esear chpaperi st ogi vet hebr i efover vi ewoft het opi caswel last he

br i ef i ngt hei mpor t anceoft het opi ct oal lt her eader sandf ort hesoci et y.

Ourr esear chpapercont ai nst heenvi r onment alpr obl emofI ndi aandhowt hegr eeneconomy concepthel pI ndi at oover comef r omi tsot heEnvi r onment alpr obl emsar emost l ycol l ect i ve buti tdoesnotendher et heyal soar ei ndi vi dualsot ackl et hi spr obl eever yoneshoul dbe cont r but i ngi nt hepr ocessofmovi ngt owar dsgr eeneconomy,t hat st hepoi ntwher eour

r esear chpapercanbehel pf ult oal lt hei ndi vi dualaswel lassoci et alst udyandf orgener al awar enesswhi chcanal sobehel pf ult oachi eveourambi t onofgr eeneconomy t hr ought hi s

st udywecansayt hatconceptofgr eeneconomycanhel pf ult oachi evesust si nabl e devel opmentandef f ci entuseofnat ur alr esour ces,andi ti sver yi mpor t antf orr educi ng expl oi t at i onofnat ualr esoucess, i ti ssi gni f cantf ormai nat ai ni ngt henat ur alr esour cesand

pr ovi depr osper ousl i et oourf ut ur egener at i ons.

Met hodofpr ocedur es

Thepaperi sadescr i pt i veanal ysi sbasedont heavai l abl ef act sandf i gur es,dot t edwi t compar i sonswi t hot heremer gi ngcount r est ohi ghl i ghtt hepr esentst at usofI ndi a.Whi l acknowl edgi ngt hei mpor t anceofdevel opmentofst r at egi est oadoptt hepr i nci pl esofGr een Economyi nt unewi t hst ageofeconomi cdevel opment ,t hepaperpoi nt soutt hecr i i calgaps andpr obl emsf acedbyI ndi aaswel last hei rpossi bl esol ut i ons.

Tr eat mentofDat a

I nor dert oder i veal lt her esear chanswer s,secondar ydat a,pol i ci es,f act sandf i gur esf r om var i ousUNpubl i cat i ons,Gover nmentpubl i cat i ons,andi ndependentr esear char t cl eshave beenconsul t edandr esul t shavebeenexami nedandusedsui t abl y.

Li mi t at i ons

Whi l emaki ngr esear chi nt opi cofAnal ysi sofgr eeneconomyofI ndi awemai nl yf acedt he

pr obl emofcol l ect i ngofpr i mar ydat aasi ti st hemacr oeconomi ct opi csowear eunabl et o useorgat herpr i mar ydat at hat swhywear emai nl ydependentuponsecondar ydat awhi chi s most l ybywor l dbankandUni t edNat i ons.Aswel laswegotl i mi t edwi t hi nourt opi casi ti s newconcept

Revi ewofl i er at ur e

her eIpr esentr evi ewsofsomeoft heavai l abl el i er at ur eswhi chgi vet hegl i mpsesoft he

pr esentunsust ai nabl eeconomi ci ssues, conceptofGr eenEconomyandi t svar i ousaspect s.

‘ Gr eenEconomy’I nt heCont extofI ndi anEconomybySat r aj i tDut t a, Assi st antPr of essorof Economi cs, Depar t mentofEconomi cs, Gor ubat hanGovt Gener alDegr eeCol l ege, ( Uni ver si t ofNor t hBengal ,W B ) I ndi ashowsi nr esear cht hatt heast het i mei spassi ngt henecessi t ofadapt i nggr eeneconomi cr ef or msar ebecomi ngmor enecessar yandt hecur r entI ndi a’ s

si t uat i onwi l lbedevast at i ngf orf ut ur e.Thegr eeneconomymeasur escanbever yhel pf ulf or

f ut ur ewor l

‘ Tr adeandGr eenEconomy:AHandbook’ofI nt er nat i onalI nst i ut ef orSust ai nabl e

Devel opmentment i onedaboutt hei mpor t anceoft r ade,ani mpor t antgl obaleconomi cact i vi t y, asadr i verofenvi r onment alchange.I tobser vest hatt her ear especi f ci nt er act i onsbet ween

t hedesi gnsofenvi r onment all awsandt het r adel aws.

met hods

Ast hi st opi ci smacr oeconomi cweusedal lt hesecondar ydat acol l ect edbyWor l dbankand Uni t edNat i onsaswel lasGover nmentofI ndi aandot heri nt er nat i onalor gani sat i ons.The mai nsour ceofourdat ai si nt er net Fort hepr esent at i onoft hedat aweusedgr aphs,t abl es anddescr i pt i veanal ysi s.

Most l yt hi sr esear chi sdescr i pt i vesoweuseddat aasi ndescr i pt i vemet hodal so.The

anal yt i calpapert r est oel abor at et hevar i ousgover nmentpol i ci esi ndi vi dualpol i ci esGener al awar enessaswel last r ansf or mat i oni nvar i oussect orofI ndi a’ seconomyandal lt hevar ous

t hi ngsr egar di nggr eeneconomyi nt hecont extofI ndi a

I I Thi r d,Foranenvi r onment al l ysust ai nabl ef ut ur e,I ndi aneedst oval uei t snat ur al

r esour ces,andecosyst emser vi cest obet t eri nf or mpol i cyanddeci si on- maki ng

Gr eengr owt hi snecessar y.Wi t hcostofenvi r onment aldegr adat i onatUS$80bi l i on annual l y,orequi val entt o5 7%ofGDPi n2009,envi r onmentcoul dbecomeamaj or const r ai nti nsust ai ni ngf ut ur eeconomi cgr owt h.Fur t her ,i tmaybei mpossi bl eor

pr ohi bi t vel yexpensi vet ocl eanupl at er

I V Gr eengr owt hi saf f or dabl e.Modelsi mul at i onssuggestt hatpol i cyi nt er vent i onssuch

asenvi r onment alt axescoul dpot ent i al l ybeusedt oyi el dposi t venetenvi r onment al andheal t hbenef i swi t hmi ni maleconomi ccost sf orI ndi a.

V Gr eengr owt hi sdesi r abl e.Foranenvi r onment al l ysust ai nabl ef ut ur e,I ndi aneedst o val uei t snat ur alr esour ces,andecosyst emser vi cest obet t eri nf or mpol i cyand

deci si on- maki ngespeci al l ysi nceI ndi ai sahot spotofuni quebi odi ver si t yand

ecosyst ems.

VI Gr eengr owt hi smeasur abl e.Convent i onalmeasur esofgr owt hdonotadequat el y

capt ur et heenvi r onment alcost s,Ther ef or e,i ti si mper at i vet ocal cul at egr eenGr oss Domest i cPr oduct( gr eenGDP)asani ndexofeconomi cgr owt hwi t ht he

envi r onment alconsequencesf act or edi n.

Gr eeneconomy

UNEPhasdef i nedt hegr eeneconomyas“onet hatr esul t si ni mpr ovedhumanwel l bei ngand soci alequi t y,whi l esi gni f cant l yr educi ngenvi r onment alr i sksandecol ogi calscar ci t es.I ti s

l owcar bon,r esour ceef f ci ent ,andsoci al l yi ncl usi ve”( UNEP,2011)

The  I nt er nat i onalChamberofCommer ce   I CC)r epr esent i nggl obalbusi nessdef i nesgr een economyas“aneconomyi nwhi checonomi cgr owt handenvi r onment alr esponsi bi l t ywor k

t oget heri namut ual l yr ei nf or ci ngf ashi onwhi l esuppor t ngpr ogr essonsoci aldevel opment ”.

I Nshor twecansayt heeconomywhi chi sgr owi ngsust ai nabl ywi t houtdamagi ng

envi r onmentordevel opmentofnat i onwi t houthar mi ngenvi r onment Theconceptofgr een economyi snewl ycoi nedandi ti sal sopar torweansayt heanot herpar tofSust ai nabl e devel opment Thedef i ni t onofgr eeneconomyi smeant obet hecombi nat i onofal lt he envi r onment alpr obl emf r eeeconomy.

Hi st or yanddevel opmentoft heconcept

Thet er mgr eeneconomywasf i stcoi nedi napi oneer i ng1989r epor tf ort heGover nmentof

t heUni t edKi ngdombyagr oupofl eadi ngenvi r onment aleconomi st s,ent i l edBl uepr i ntf ora

Gr eenEconomy( Pear ce,Mar kandyaandBar bi er ,1989) Ther epor twascommi ssi onedt o advi set heUKGover nmenti ft her ewasaconsensusdef i ni t ont ot het er m“sust ai nabl e

devel opment ”andt hei mpl i cat i onsofsust ai nabl edevel opmentf ort hemeasur ementof

economi cpr ogr essandt heappr ai salofpr oj ect sandpol i ci es3.Apar tf r omi nt het i l eoft he

r epor t ,t her ei snof ur t her r ef er encet ogr eeneconomyandi tappear st hatt het er mwasusedas anaf t er t houghtbyt heaut hor s.I n1991and1994t heaut hor sr el easedsequel st ot hef i st

r epor tent i l edBl uepr i nt2: Gr eeni ngt hewor l deconomyandBl uepr i nt3:Measur i ng

Sust ai nabl eDevel opment Whi l stt het hemeoft hef i stBl uepr i ntr epor twast hateconomi cs canandshoul dcomet ot heai dofenvi r onment alpol i cy,t hesequel sext endedt hi smessaget o

gl obalpr obl ems–cl i mat echange, ozonedepl et i on,t r opi caldef or est at i on,andr esour cel ossi n

t hedevel opi ngwor l d.Al lr epor t sbui l uponr esear chandpr act i cei nenvi r onment al

economi csspanni ngbacksever aldecades I n2008,t het er mwasr evi vedi nt hecont extof

di scussi onsont hepol i cyr esponset omul t pl egl obalcr i ses.I nt hecont extoft hef i nanci al

cr i si sandconcer nsofagl obalr ecessi on,UNEPchampi onedt hei deaof“gr eenst i mul us

packages”andi dent i i edspeci f car easwher el ar ge‐ scal epubl i ci nvest mentcoul dki ck‐ st ar ta

“gr eeneconomy”( At ki sson,2012) I ti nspi r edsever al gover nment st oi mpl ementsi gni f cant

‘ gr eenst i mul us’packagesaspar toft hei reconomi cr ecover yef f or t s.I nOct ober2008,UNEP

l aunchedi t sGr eenEconomyI ni t at i vet opr ovi deanal ysi sandpol i cysuppor tf ori nvest ment

i ngr eensect or sandf orgr eeni ngr esour ce‐and/ orpol l ut i on‐ i nt ensi vesect or s.Aspar toft hi s

I ni t at i ve,UNEPcommi ssi onedoneoft heor i gi nalaut hor sofBl uepr i ntf oraGr eenEconomy

t opr epar ear epor tent i l edaGl obalGr eenNewDeal( GGND) ,whi chwasr el easedi nApr i 2009andpr oposedami xofpol i cyact i onst hatwoul dst i mul at eeconomi cr ecover yandatt he samet i mei mpr ovet hesust ai nabi l t yoft hewor l deconomy.TheGGNDcal l edon

gover nmentst oal l ocat easi gni f cantshar eofst i mul usf undi ngt ogr eensect or sandsetout

t hr eeobj ect i ves:( i economi cr ecover y;( i )pover t yer adi cat i on;and( i i )r educedcar bon emi ssi onsandecosyst emdegr adat i on;i tal sopr oposedaf r amewor kf orgr eenst i mul us

pr ogr amsaswel lassuppor t vedomest i candi nt er nat i onalpol i ci es( UNEMG,2011)   nJune 2009,i nt hel eadupt ot heUNCl i mat eChangeConf er encei nCopenhagen,t heUNr el eased ani nt er agencyst at ementsuppor t ngt hegr eeneconomyasat r ansf or mat i ont oaddr ess

mul t pl ecr i ses4.Thest at ementi ncl udedt hehopet hatt heeconomi cr ecover ywoul dbet he

t ur ni ngpoi ntf oranambi t ousandef f ect i vei nt er nat i onalr esponset ot hemul t pl ecr i ses

f aci nghumani t ybasedonagl obalgr eeneconomy.

Gr eengr ossdomest i cpr oduct

Gr eenGDPi sat er musedgener al l yf orexpr essi ngGDPaf t eradj ust i ngf orenvi r onment al damage.TheSyst emofNat i onalAccount s( SNA)i sanaccount i ngf r amewor kf ormeasur i ng

t heeconomi cact i vi t esofpr oduct i on,consumpt i onandaccumul at i onofweal t hi nan

economydur i ngaper i odoft i me.Wheni nf or mat i ononeconomy' suseoft henat ur al

envi r onmenti si nt egr at edi nt ot hesyst emofnat i onalaccount s,i tbecomesgr eennat i onal account sorenvi r onment alaccount i ng.

Thepr ocessofenvi r onment alaccount i ngi nvol vest hr eest epsvi z Physi calaccount i ng; Monet aryval uat i on;andi nt egrat i onwi t hnat i onalIncome/ weal t hAccount s Physi cal

account i ngdet er mi nest hest at eoft her esour ces,t ypes,andext ent( qual i at i veand

quant i at i ve)i nspat i alandt empor alt er ms.Monet ar yval uat i oni sdonet odet er mi nei t

t angi bl eandi nt angi bl ecomponent s.Ther eaf t er ,t henetchangei nnat ur alr esour cesi n

monet ar yt er msi si nt egr at edi nt ot heGr ossDomest i cPr oducti nor dert or eacht heval ue

of   Gr eenGDP.

AnExper tGr oupwasal soconvenedundert hedi r ect i onofPr i meMi ni st erbyt heNat i onal

St at i st i calOr gani zat i on,Mi ni st r yofSt at i st i csandPr ogr ammeI mpl ement at i on,Gover nment ofI ndi ai nAugust2011t oexami net hepr ospect sofdevel opi nggr eennat i onalaccount si n

I ndi a.Thecommi t eewasChai r edShr iPar t haDasgupt aandsubmi t edi t sr epor ti nMar ch 2013.Ther epor toft heCommi t ee  Gr eenNat i onalAccount si nI ndi a:AFr amewor k ,opi nes

t hatt hewor dgr eenGDPi sami snomerasi ti saboutt heweal t hoft henat i ont hatonei s

r ef er r ngt o( noti ncome)whi l et al ki ngaboutaccr et i onordepl et i onofnat ur alr esour ces.The

wor ki ncomi ngoutwi t hgr eenGDPest i mat esi spr ogr essi ng.

Thegl obalgr eeneconomyi ndex

  Gl obalGr een Economy I ndex™ ( GGEI )i n 2018 measur es t he gr een economy per f or mance of130 count r es  and how exper t sassesst hatper f or mance.The GGEI per f or mancei ndexusesquant i at i veandqual i at i vei ndi cat or st omeasur e  how wel leach count r yper f or msonf ourkeydi mensi ons:l eader shi p& cl i mat echange,ef f ci encysect or s, mar ket s& i nvest mentandt heenvi r onment Then,t heGGEIper cept i onsur veycol l ect s assessment sf r omexper tpr act i i oner sont hesesamef ourdi mensi ons.

TheGGEIwast hef i stgr eeneconomyi ndex,l aunchedi n2010,andt odayi st hemostwi del y

r ef er enced pr oductofi t ski nd i nt er nat i onal l y,ut i i zed  by pol i cymaker s,i nt er nat i onal

or gani zat i ons,ci vi lsoci et yandt hepr i vat esect or Li kemanyi ndi ces,t heGGEIi susedt o benchmar kper f or mance,communi cat ear east hatneedi mpr ovement ,andshow di ver se

st akehol der showt heyt oocanpr omot epr ogr ess.TheGGEIi spar t cul ar l yr el evantt odayas count r esai mi ngt or eal i zenewemi ssi onr educt i onandsust ai nabl edevel opmentgoal swi l

r equi r edat aandi nsi ghtt oi dent i yt hebestpat hwayst oal owcar boneconomy.

t enf ocusedonbui l di ngcust omi zedmeasur ementf r amewor ksf orourcl i ent s.Lear ni ngf r om

t heGGEIsuppor t scl i ent sf r om gover nmentagenci es,i nt er nat i onalor gani zat i ons,ci vi l soci et yandt hepr i vat esect or

I ndi cat or sofgr eeneconomy

Agr eeneconomycancont r but et osoci et alpr ogr essandhumanwel l bei ngi nt wowaysi s,

Fi r st l y,byr edi r ect i ngi nvest ment st owar dsgr eengoodsandser vi cesandsecondl yby

r edi r ect i ngi nvest ment st owar dst hest r engt heni ngofhumanandsoci alcapi t al Someoft he

i ndi cat or sofpr ogr essandwel l bei ngar eai ncl udet heext entt owhi chbasi chumanneedsar e

f ul f l ed,t hel evelofeducat i onachi eved,heal t hst at usoft hepopul at i onandt heavai l abi l t

of ,andaccessbyt hepoort osoci alsaf et ynet s,convent i onali ndi cat or sofGDP,al socover s cal or i espercapi t a,popul at i onbel owpover t y( USDday) ,HumanDevel opmentI ndex( HDI ) andempl oymentgener at i onf r omeachsect or Wehaveusedt hef ol l owi ngact ualand

appr opr i at ei ndi cat or sofagr eeneconomyf r omi t sar eas,whi char enear ert ot heor i gi nal

i ndi cat or s.

Pr esentscenar i oofI ndi anEconomy

Abr oadmacr ol evelscopi ngr eveal st hatt het r ansi t oni si ndeedunder wayi nI ndi a.However ,

t het r ansi t oni smovi ngsl owl y, andt hepr ogr essmadei si nsuf f ci entcompar edt oi t sneed.I n 2016,I ndi ar ankedaver yl ow68outof80count r es,i nt er msofper f or mancer anki ng,

anal yzedi nt heGl obalGr eenEconomyI ndex( GGEI ) ,whi chi sadat adr i venanal ysi sof nat i onalgr eeneconomyper f or mance.I ndi ar ankedamongstt hel asti nt heEnvi r onment

Di mensi onandLeader shi pandCl i mat eChange;andEf f ci encySect or sdi mensi on.I t

howeverper f or medwel li nt heMar ket s&I nvest mentdi mensi on,f al l ngneart het opt went y.

I nt er est i ngl y,I ndi aachi evedar el at i vel yhi ghper cept i onr ankof19.

I ndi ahasemer gedast hef ast estgr owi ngmaj oreconomyi nt hewor l daspert heCent r al

St at i st i csOr gani sat i on( CSO)andI nt er nat i onalMonet ar yFund( I MF)andi ti sexpect edt obe oneoft het opt hr eeeconomi cpower soft hewor l dovert henext10- 15year s,backedbyi t

st r ongdemocr acyandpar t ner shi ps.I ndi a’ sGDPi sest i mat edt ohavei ncr eased6 6percent

i n2017- 18andi sexpect edt ogr ow7 3percenti n2018- 19.

I ndi ai sboomi ng.I ti soneoft hef ast est

gr owi ngeconomi esi nt hewor l d.Yett he cur r entgr owt hpat hi snei t hercr eat i ngenough

j obsnorhel pi ngt hepoor est By2020I ndi awi l

f aceashor t ageof16 7mi l i on‘ mi ssi ngj obs’ Pover t yi sper si st entwi t hover58%oft he popul at i onl acki ngmeanst omeett hei rbasi c needs.

Att hesamet i me,I ndi a’ secol ogi calf oot pr i nti s

al r eadydoubl ei t sbi o- capaci t y.I fi tcont i nues ont hecur r entpat h,consumpt i oni nI ndi awi l exceedmostdevel opedeconomi escombi nedi n

j ust14year s.

Al t hought hepastdecadeofr api deconomi c

gr owt hhasbr oughtmanybenef i st oI ndi a,t he envi r onmenthassuf f er ed,exposi ngt he

popul at i onser i ousai randwat erpol l ut i on Anewr epor tf i ndst hatenvi r onment al degr adat i oncost sI ndi a$80bi l i onperyearor

5 7%ofi t seconomy.

Gr eengr owt hst r at egi esar eneededpr omot e sust ai nabl egr owt handt obr eakt hepat t er nof envi r onment aldegr adat i onandnat ur alr esour ce depl et i on.Emi ssi onr educt i onscanbeachi eved

wi t hmi ni malcostt oGDP

I ndi a’ sst el l areconomi cper f or mancedur i ngt he pastdecadehasbr oughti mmensebenef i st ot he peopl e.Emmpl oymentoppor t uni t eshave

i ncr eased,enabl i ngmi l i onst oemer gef r om pover t y.

Butr api dgr owt hhasbeencl oudedbya degr adi ngenvi r onmentandagr owi ngscar ci t