Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố tổ chức quản lý đến kết quả thực hiện dự án đầu tư xây dựng cơ sở hạ tầng giao thông đường bộ tại việt nam TT TIENG ANH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS LE TRONG TUNG A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION FACTORS ON IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS OF ROAD TR

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS

LE TRONG TUNG

A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION FACTORS ON IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS OF ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN VIETNAM

SPECIALTY: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

CODE: 9.58.03.02

SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC DOCTORAL THESIS

HANOI – 2021

The Project is completed at:

University of Transport and Communications

The thesis is defended at the School-Level PhD Thesis Examination Council at

University of Transport and Communications

At…… , date…… month…… year……

The thesis can be found at:

1 Library of University of Transport and Communications

2 National library of Vietnam

LIST OF THE AUTHOR’S ANNOUNCED SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS

RELATED TO THESIS TITLE The articles published in journals:

1 MSc Postgraduate Le Trong Tung (2021), A study on the influence model of the

management organization process on implementation results of infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam, Journal of Transport, May 2020, pp 149

- 153

2 MSc Postgraduate Le Trong Tung (2021), A study on the impact of management

organization factors on the implementation schedule of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam, Monthly Journal of Transport and

Communications, Issues 1+2/2021, pp 104 - 107

3 MSc Postgraduate Le Trong Tung (2021), A study on the impact of the control on

implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam, Monthly Journal of Transport and Communications, June 2021,

pp.112 – 115

In order to study the relationship between organizational behavior of project management and project implementation results; and evaluate the magnitude of impact of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in

term of theory and practice, the writer chooses the topic "A study on the impact of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure investment projects in Vietnam" for his research thesis

2 Purposes and questions of the study

a Purposes

* Purpose: Study and evaluate the magnitude of impact of management organization factors on

implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam, thereby giving recommendations to improve the implementation results of road transport infrastructure investment projects in Vietnam

b Questions of the study

- What are the implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects? What factors affect such results during project implementation?

- What are the project management organization factors? How do such factors affect the implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects?

- What is current situation of implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam over the past time?

- How is the magnitude of impact of management organization factors on implementation results

of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam in recent years?

- What recommendations should be made to improve the implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam

3 Object and scope of the study

a Object

The study object is the theoretical, practical and legal basis on the impact of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam

b Scope of the study

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- Contents of the study: Study the impact of management organization factors on implementation

results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects; in which the management organization factors are considered based on 4 functions of management, including: planning, organizing, leading of implementation process and controlling of implementation process; The project implementation results are considered based on three important and popular criteria: quality,

schedule and cost

- Space of the study: The thesis studies the road transport infrastructure construction investment

projects across three regions: North, Central Region and South of Vietnam

- Period of the study: The secondary data is mainly collected in the 2015 – 2020 period The primary

data is collected from expert interviews and surveys conducted in 2020 for individuals who manages

the road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam

4 Study method

- The qualitative research method, mainly deductive method is used in this thesis By this method, the writer bases on the previous domestic and oversea scientific findings on the factors which affect the project implementation results in general and implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in particular to clearly identify the inherited and developed contents; and the “knowledge gaps" to be studied, develop a theoretical framework and proposed research model

- The quantitative research method is used in the thesis to verify the model and research hypotheses The data collected from the survey will be analyzed through quantitative analysis techniques based

on the following steps: descriptive statistics; evaluation of scale reliability; analysis of variance; correlation analysis; Linear regression analysis and model validation

5 Scientific and practical significance of the thesis

* Scientific significance

- The thesis systematizes and deepens the theoretical basis of management organization factors and the criteria which reflect the implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- The thesis develops a research model of the impact of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in a scientific manner and in consistence with Vietnam’s conditions

- Chapter 1: Overview of research projects related to the thesis title

- Chapter 2: Theoretical basis and research model of the impact of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- Chapter 3: Research methods of the impact of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam

- Chapter 4: Findings and recommendations for improvement of implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam

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CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROJECTS RELATED TO THE

THESIS TITLE

1.1 Study of the criteria reflecting and measuring the implementation results of road transport

infrastructure construction investment projects

1.1.1 Determination of the criteria reflecting the implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

Based on related studies, the writer realized that: over the decades, through the research projects of different domestic and international scientists, the researchers have given many criteria to reflect the results of the projects in general and the results of construction project in particular Particularly, the criteria reflecting the results of the project implementation phase include: cost, schedule, quality, safety, satisfaction of stakeholders, etc and the criteria reflecting the results in the phases of operation, exploitation and project completion include: operation and maintenance costs, operation period, profits, safety, user satisfaction and community satisfaction

1.1.2 Measurement of implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

The study on related scientific projects showed that: The project implementation results can be measured by criteria calculated according to specific mathematical formulas (such as: time variation, cost growth, construction speed, etc); or measured through evaluation of the satisfaction of project stakeholders (such as: Satisfaction of the Investor, Contractor and community, etc)

1.2 Study of the impact of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

1.2.1 Impact of factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

Based on the synthesis of research results of domestic and oversea relevant scientific projects, the writer realized that the main groups of factors affecting the implementation results of the project in general and infrastructure construction investment projects in particular include:

- Group of factors related to the project implementation process

- Group of factors related to the project participants

- Group of factors related to the management organization

- Group of factors related to the capacity and relationship of project participants

- Group of factors related to economy and policy

- Group of factors related to the external environment

1.2.2 Impact of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

In order for the project to achieve its results and objectives, the factor of project management organization plays a very important role According to the writers, the management organization is the key to the project's success Through management tools, the project managers can plan and implement the construction projects to maximize their project success chances

Albert P C Chan and et al., conducted a thorough review of the literature related to the key factors affecting the project results and success These are articles published in major journals in the world related to the field of management A total of 43 articles were selected by the authors for analysis After careful research of the documents, the authors realized that influential factors can be grouped into 5 categories, including factors related to project management organization, including: structure

of management organization; complete contact information; effective planning and decision-making; project control mechanism; incidents handling; responsiveness; effective coordination; control of contractors’ work; and finally, overall management

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In Vietnam, the authors also state that the factor of management organization is one of the groups

of factors affecting the quality, schedule and cost, as well as the success or failure of construction projects

1.3 Conclusions from the review of the projects related to the thesis title and determination of research gaps

1.3.1 Conclusions from the review of the projects related to the thesis title

The review of domestic and foreign scientific projects provides the writer a comprehensive view in terms of theory and practice on the impact of factors in general and management organization factors

in particular on the implementation results of infrastructure construction investment projects and road transport infrastructure construction investment projects The research contents of domestic and international authors can be summarized as follows:

- The research projects provided many criteria reflecting the results of implementation stages of the infrastructure investment projects in general and road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in particular Particularly, there are common criteria including: cost, schedule, quality, safety and environment

- The research projects showed that: the project implementation results can be measured by calculation criteria such as: time variation, cost growth, construction speed, etc; or through evaluation

of the satisfaction of stakeholders such as: satisfaction of the investor, contractor and community, etc

- The research projects showed many factors affecting the implementation results of the projects in general and road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in particular The factors are grouped into different groups, including: project characteristics; project management organization; project participants; capacity and relationship between project participants; economy and policy; external environment, etc

- The research projects showed the impact of management organization factors on implementation results as well as the success or failure of projects, including transport infrastructure construction investment projects

1.3.2 Determination of research gaps

Based on a comprehensive study, the writer realized that in previous studies, there are still some gaps to be further discovered:

- In most of the related research projects, the impact of management organization factors on the project results is considered along with many other groups of factors At the same time, new research projects are limited to discovery and ranking of the impact of management organization factors on the project results in the overall context of other groups of factors

- No study has mentioned on the separate impact, as well as determined the magnitude of impact

of management organization factors on implementation results of infrastructure construction investment projects in general and road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH MODEL OF THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION FACTORS ON IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS OF ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT PROJECTS 2.1 Concepts and stages of investment process in construction of road transport infrastructure 2.1.1 Concept of road transport infrastructure

- The infrastructure means the entire materials and engineering facilities (such as the system of

roads, irrigation, energy, hospitals, schools, etc) establishing a foundation for the comprehensive development of a country, including the economic – social development, security and national defense, contributing to environmental protection and serving the people's life

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- Transport infrastructure is a type of technical infrastructure, a network of roads to connect

different areas in the same country as well as with other areas in the world The transport infrastructure includes: roads, railways, inland waterways, seaports and airports

- According to the Road Traffic Law, the road transport infrastructure includes: Highway construction, bus stations, parking lots, stops and other temporary works on the roads to serve traffic

and highway safety corridors Particularly, the highway construction includes: roads,

parking/stopping places on roads, signal lights, signs, road markings, sign posts, barriers, traffic islands, separators, milestones, wall, embankment, drainage system, vehicle load checking station,

toll station and other auxiliary works and equipment for highways system The highway system

includes: roads, highway bridges, highway tunnels and ferry landing stages

Within the research scope of the thesis, the writer considers the road transport infrastructure in

terms of highway construction (roads, highway bridges and road tunnels), bus stations and parking lots

2.1.2 Concept of road transport infrastructure investment project

- The road transport infrastructure construction investment project contains a collection of proposals related to the use of capital to perform investment activities in new construction, repair and renovation

of road transport infrastructure construction projects for development, maintenance and improvement

of the quality of construction works or products or services within a specified time and cost

2.1.3 Stages of investment in road transport infrastructure construction

- According to the Construction Law, the order of construction investment of a project (including the road transport infrastructure construction investment projects) is divided into three stages: stage

of project preparation, stage of project implementation and stage of construction completion and putting the project's works into operation

2.2 Management organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

2.2.1 Concept of management organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- Based on the concepts of project management in general and construction project management in particular, the writer proposes the concept of management of road transport infrastructure

construction investment project as follows: Management of road transport infrastructure

construction investment project is the planning, organizing the implementation, leading and

controlling all resources and related activities during the life cycle of an road transport infrastructure construction investment project in order to achieve the project objectives

- In comparison with other types of projects in other fields, the road transport infrastructure construction investment projects are implemented by a large number of different entities (investors, construction contractors, consulting units, etc) and the number of the entities involved in the project management process has been increasing The different entities (the parties involved in the project) are integrated in the same project organization and establish a project organization for investment and construction of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- However, in terms of nature, the organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment project is temporary, based on the fact that such organization is only performed during the project implementation period This nature is different from conventional types of organization which operates on a permanent basis However, whether temporary or permanent, unique or universal,

an organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment project exists to achieve its objectives because of its existential needs The organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment project (despite its temporary operation) is also established according to the

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goal-oriented mechanism Therefore, in order to achieve the goals, the project organization is requested to perform the functions of management including: planning, organization, leading and controlling the implementation process

As such, the organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment project is

understood as performing the management functions in the organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment project This is the concept used in this study

2.2.2 Objectives and subjects involved in the management of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

2.2.2.1 Objectives of management of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- Depending on the scale and nature of the project and national socio-economic characteristics, each country has different objectives for management of infrastructure investment projects in general and road transport infrastructure in particular At the most basic level, three objectives are applied by many countries around the world, including: quality, cost and schedule

- In Vietnam, five objectives of management of infrastructure construction investment project shall

be managed, including: quality, schedule, cost, work safety and environmental protection

- The objectives of management of the infrastructure construction investment project including the construction of road transport infrastructure can be considered from the perspective of different subjects:

+ For the State: the objectives of State management for infrastructure construction investment are

to ensure that the projects are implemented according to the strategic objectives of socio-economic development in each period; in consistence with the guidelines, policies and laws of the State and the approved plannings; investment capital and natural resources of the highest efficiency; Without loss and waste

+ For investors: the investor's objectives of management of infrastructure construction investment

project are to achieve the project's objectives; complete the project on schedule, within the approved budget; ensure the quality of the works according to current regulations, technical standards and legal documents

+ For contractors: The main management objectives of the contractors (including construction

contractors and consulting contractors) are to ensure the completion of the works of the project on schedule and according to quality requirements in the contract signed with the Investor; Maximize profits and create prestige, market share, etc

2.2.2.2 Subjects involved in the management of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

In Vietnam, along with the development of objectives for management of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects, the subjects participate in project management are increasing In the first period, there is the participation of the State, investors and contractors Then there are other subjects such as: consulting contractors, design contractors, lenders and even the supervision of the workers (community) in many projects

2.2.3 Contents and form of management of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam

2.2.3.1 Contents of management of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- The contents of management of construction investment projects in general and road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in particular in Vietnam include management of: scope, work plan; work volume; construction quality; implementation schedule; construction investment costs; construction safety; protection of construction environment; selection of contractor

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and construction contracts; risks; the works information system and other necessary contents according to current legal documents

2.2.3.2 Forms of management of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

For the construction investment projects in Vietnam: based on the scale, nature, sources of capital and conditions for project implementation, the investment decider shall decide to apply one of the project management forms as follows:

- Specialized construction investment project management unit, regional construction investment project management unit

- Project management unit for construction investment of one project

- The investor using the affiliated professional apparatus

- The project management consulting organization

2.2.4 Factors of management organization for road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- Based on the concept of organization of project management for investment and construction of road transport infrastructure stated in Section 2.2.1.1, the management organization is understood as performing the management functions in a project organization Therefore, the factors of management organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects are related to the management function of such projects

- The domestic and international research projects show that there are four basic functions of management in general and construction investment project management in particular, including:

planning, organizing, leading/directing and controlling Therefore, the factors of management

organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in this study are related

to planning, organizing, leading the implementation process and controlling the implementation process of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

2.2.4.1 Factors related to planning

- Planning is a process by which managers select objectives, activities (or strategies) to achieve

such objectives

- A plan provides a direction for an organization It tells everyone what the organization is trying

to do, what its priorities are, where to go, and how to get there It is a process of arranging resources and deciding what one person should do in order to allocate roles, responsibilities, and money It is also a control mechanism: by comparing actual results with plans, managers can determine whether the organization is achieving its goals and make adjustments if necessary

- In the management of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects, the planning task includes the following basic contents: determination of the project's objectives and scope; work contents, responsibilities and relationships of related parties when performing such works; Determination of the necessary time and resources to complete the work and the entire project, etc

- The implementation plan of a road transport infrastructure construction investment project must

be prepared and presented in details so that the investor, contractor and related parties clearly understand the objectives, contents and scope of the work and their own duties, responsibilities and roles Particularly, the content and scope of the work should be described in details At the same time, the plan must clearly show the relationship and coordination between the parties involved in the project implementation These are the factors related to planning the implementation of road transport infrastructure construction investment project

2.2.4.2 Factors related to implementation organization

- Implementation organization is the process of plan deployment In terms of nature, organization

is the process of determining what tasks will be performed, who will perform them, who reports to

- In the management of road transport infrastructure construction investment project, implementation organization is employing the project's plans in order to achieve the given objectives Therefore, the factors related to the implementation organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects include: establishment of organizational structure of project management, in which organization and personnel structures are key factors; clear definition of specific responsibilities of each unit and individual in the management organization structure; clear determination of roles and responsibilities of decision makers in the implementation process; establishment of coordination, reporting and communication mechanisms between units and departments; adequate and timely coordination of resources according to the project implementation schedule; implementation of works in compliance with relevant laws and project requirements, etc

2.2.4.3 Factors related to leading the implementation process

- Every organization has employees and the management task is to direct and coordinate them When managers motivate employees, direct their activities, choose the most effective communication channels or resolve conflicts between members, it is the leadership function

- The leadership purpose is to start and put the system into operation to achieve the objectives It is the start and maintenance of the system operation according to the plan by affecting the motivation and behavior of the people in the system and coordinating their activities, so that they can voluntarily try their best to fulfil their tasks and overall objectives of the system

- In the management of road transport infrastructure construction investment project, the leadership positions of project implementation process shall demonstrate their role in decision-making, as well

as clearly and specifically deliver the work requirements to subordinates In addition, the project leader shall play a role of good coordination between groups, teams and stakeholders; Resolve conflicts arising during project implementation At the same time, the leader is also the person who encourages, motivates and inspires the employees in the construction project organization These are the factors related to leading the implementation process of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

2.2.4.4 Factors related to controlling implementation process

- Controlling is the process of monitoring performance to achieve objectives, intervening when objectives are not being met, and taking remedial actions It requires managers to compare actual performance with plans in order to monitor the degree of success of an organization in achieving its objectives

- Controlling includes: monitoring, comparison and correction of errors For smooth operation, the manager shall monitor the actual performance of the organization and compare it with the given objectives If there are any significant deviations, they shall make adjustments so that the organization gets on the right track

- For management of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects, controlling is a continuous process from the development of the project ideas to the completion of the project The controlling contents depends on the work nature at each stage and the goals of the different stakeholders involved in the project However, the most important content to be controlled for relevant subjects in the implementation process of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects is: the work implementation schedule (schedule); volume and quality of work

2.3 Implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects 2.3.1 Concept of implementation results of road transport infrastructure investment projects

- The implementation results of the road transport infrastructure construction investment project

are the road transport infrastructure construction works developed from the project implementation process and reflected by specific criteria

2.3.2 Criteria reflecting the implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- There are many criteria to reflect the results of projects in general and projects of construction investment in particular Within the scope of the research title, the writer determines the criteria reflecting the implementation results of the road transport infrastructure construction investment project in this study, including three important and popular criteria: quality, schedule and cost Konchar and Sanvido also stated that such three criteria are widely accepted to be used for evaluation

of the results of construction projects

2.4 Theoretical basis for the research model of the impact of management organization factors

on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects 2.4.1 Characteristics of the organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- In addition to the common characteristics of an organization in general, the organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects has distinctive characteristics against ordinary organizations Particularly, the most notable distinctive characteristics of the organization

of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects are as follows: the organization is temporarily established during the project implementation period; the organization consists of members gathered from different entities or organizations and the organization has a high degree of diversity

- In terms of nature, the organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment project

is temporary, unique and diverse based on the fact that such organization is only performed during the project implementation period This nature is different from conventional types of organization which operates on a permanent basis

- However, whether temporary or permanent, unique or universal, an organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment project exists to achieve its objectives because of its existential needs The organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment project (despite its temporary operation) is also established according to the goal-oriented mechanism As such, the results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects are always evaluated based

on whether the project's objectives are achieved or not Therefore, in terms of theory, the study of the organization of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects shall follow a common framework in the study of behavior in any organization

- In addition, in order to consider the nature of inherent temporariness in a more appropriate way,

it is necessary to propose a behavioral research model for organization of road transport infrastructure

construction investment projects based on a common methodology of the theory of organizational

behavior research This model should be the result of integrating the concepts of organizational

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behavior and characteristics in the field of road transport infrastructure construction investment in which the project organization is determined by the behavior and performance of the organization

2.4.2 Organizational behavior model

2.4.2.1 Concept of organizational behavior

- Porter et al think that organization should mean that everything is done for everyone in such organization Therefore, the behavior of such persons constitutes organizational behavior (i.e organizational behavior) On this basis, it has been argued that no study is called organizational behavior; in fact, the study of organizational behavior is a study of the individual behavior in organizations

- A study of organizational behavior is studying what people do in an organization and how their

behavior affects the organization's performance

2.4.2.2 Organizational behavior model

Stephen P Robbins and Timothy A Judge established and developed the organizational behavior

model (OB) In the organizational behavior (OB) model of the authors, there are three types of

variables (input, process and outcome) at three levels of analysis (individual, group and organization) The model starts from left to right, with input - process and process – output (Figure 2.6) As such,

organizational outputs are partly the result of behavioral interactions within the organization

Figure 2.6: Organizational behavior model

2.4.3 Organizational behavior model of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

- The study of organizational behavior is a study of the behavior of individuals in an organization and its influence on organizational performance People (individuals) are entities that constitute organizations in general and project organization in particular (project stakeholders) and people play

an important role in achieving successful project results in the context of project management Therefore, it is very reasonable to study the organizational behavior of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects through the appropriate application and adjustment of knowledge and theories of organizational behavior

- According to the proposal, organizational behavior of the proposed road transport infrastructure

construction investment project is defined as a study on the activities of participants in the road

transport infrastructure construction investment project, including: investors, contractors, consulting units and stakeholders in a project organization and also a study on how their behavior affects the project performance (Figure 2.7)

- Group level:

communication, leadership, power

- Organization level:

Human resource management, change

- Individual level:

satisfaction, individual performance

- Group level:

connection, group performance

- Organization level:

organizational performance, survival

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Figure 2.7: Organizational behavior model of road transport infrastructure construction

investment project

2.4.4 Development of research hypothesis

- The study on organizational behavior model (OB) shows that: organizational output is partly the result of behavioral interaction in the organization Therefore, the implementation results of a road transport infrastructure construction investment project partly come from behavioral interactions in the construction project organization On this basis, the hypothesis can be proposed as follows:

Hypothesis H0: The organizational behavior of project management affects the implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects

For verification of the validity of the above-proposed hypothesis, data collection, analysis and discussion will be conducted in the next sections of the thesis

2.5 Research models and hypotheses on the impact of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment project

- According to the theory presented in Section 2.2.4 and the organizational behavior model of road transport infrastructure construction investment project proposed in Section 2.4.3, the writer will

focus on the "project management organization factors" through four functions of project management, specifically: planning behavior, organizing behavior, behavior of leading

implementation process, and behavior of controlling implementation process These are the four

criteria which act as the independent variables selected to be included in the research model

- In addition, the project implementation results act as a dependent variable to be included in the research model The project implementation results are expressed in many different aspects and criteria The review showed the criteria reflecting the project implementation results including: cost, schedule, quality, safety, profit, etc However, based on the analyses in Section 2.3.2, the author determines three criteria reflecting the implementation results of the road transport infrastructure

construction investment project in this study, specifically: quality, schedule and cost Such three

criteria are referred to as the "iron triangle" by researchers and widely used to reflect and measure the results of a construction project

Based on determination of independent and dependent variables, the quantitative analysis shall be made to the research model and hypothesis as shown in Figure 2.8 below:

quality, cost, schedule, satisfaction, profit, etc

Project Management Organization Process

Planning

Leading

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Figure 2.8: Proposed research models and hypotheses CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS OF THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION FACTORS ON IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS OF ROAD

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN

VIETNAM

3.1 Overview of research methods and steps

3.1.1 Overview of research methods

1 Qualitative research method

- The main qualitative research method is the deductive method By deductive method, the writer

will base on the findings of previous domestic and international scientific researches on the factors affecting the implementation results of projects in general and the implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in particular to clearly determine the inherited and developed contents; as well as the "knowledge gaps" to be studied, develop a theoretical framework and proposed research model

- In addition to the deductive method, the author also uses the method of synthesis, comparison

and analysis, expert method, etc in the qualitative research

- The results of the qualitative research are aimed at development and proposal of research models and hypotheses as a basis for the survey and data collection so that the writer can conduct a quantitative analysis

2 Quantitative research method

- In order to collect primary data to be supplemented into secondary data for ensuring the scientificity and authenticity of the analysis and evaluation; the writer conducts a survey through the questionnaires of experts in the field of road transport infrastructure construction investment across three regions of the North, Central Region and South of Vietnam On this basis, the writer conducts

a quantitative analysis with analytical techniques to verify and determine the degree of influence of management organization factors on implementation results of road transport infrastructure construction investment projects in Vietnam

3.1.2 Research steps

Table 3.1: Research steps of the thesis

H4 H3 H2