Present everything we should know about prenatal period your paper should clearly present the following information

Your paper should clearly present the following information: • when pregnancy occurs and how the fetus develops • description of 3 trimesters of pregnancy • how the body changes during p

ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC TP HỔ CHÍ MINH

KHOA KHÓA HỌC cơ BẢN

Bộ MÔN NGOẠI NGỮ

BÀI TIỂU LUẬN

Học phần: Tiếng Anh 3

Họ và tên sinh viên thực hiện: NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG HẠNH

Mã số sinh viên: 611208254

Ngày tháng năm sinh: 09/10/2002

Khối: CNCQ20

s?ẹrlhệ: 0336903926

Năm học: 2020 - 2021

KẺT ỌUẢ BÀI TIỂU LUẬN

Tiêu chí đánh giá

Points Score Organization

(10 points)

Tbe layout is appropriate for tbe topic and audience 5 Information is presented in a logical sequence 5

Content

(30 points)

Introduction is attention-getting, lays out tbe problem well, and , establisbes a framework for tbe rest of tbe presentation

5

Tecbnical terms are well-defined in language appropriate for tbe target audience 5 Information is presented accurately 5 Material included is relevant to tbe overall message 5 Visual aids are well prepared, informative, effective,

Tbe writer completes tbe task witb about 1,000 words 5

Language

Use

(60 points)

Tbe writer can, exbibit a , logical and coberent sequence tnrougnout and smootn transitions Detween ideas

15

Tbe writer can use a wide variety of vocabulary tbat

Tbe writer can use a wide range of structure witb full flexibility and accuracy witb rare minor errors 15 Tbe writer can fully address all parts of tbe task witb

relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas 15

2

Điểm

(bằng số)

Điểm (bằng chữ)

Giảng viên chấm 1 (Họ tên & chữ ký) Giảng viên chấm 2 (Họ tên & chữ ký)

Score Total Po ints 100

3

Hộ SINH 20

ĐÈ TIỀU LUẬN - TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH

TOPIC 1 Present everything we should know about prenatal period Your paper should

clearly present the following information:

• when pregnancy occurs and how the fetus develops

• description of 3 trimesters of pregnancy

• how the body changes during pregnancy and physiological changes the woman

may have

• description of discomforts of pregnancy and how to alleviate them

• 10 fun facts about pregnancy

• description of some common medical complications of pregnancy

Your paper should contains about 1,000 words and 3 images with captions

4

I Wben pregnhncy occurs hnd bow tbe fetus develops

> Phenomenon of pregnancy: After fertilization, the egg forms a zygote, tben develops into an embryo and implants in the uterus to develop

> Typical signs of pregnancy:

- Late period (since sex >2 weeks)

- The pregnancy test showed 2 lines

- Need to do more Beta HCG test 3 5mIU/ml: combine with the above 2 signs to confirm more definitely pregnancy to avoid false positive cases

sự PHÁT TRIỂN CỦA THAI NHI QUA TỪNG THÁNG

> Fetal development takes place in 3 trimesters: First trimester (1-12 weeks), Second trimester (13-27weeks) and Third trimester (28-42 weeks) in which 3 most important milestones: week 12, week 22, week 32

II Description of tbe second trimester of pregnancy

1 Week 13: Urine is formed, essentially the phenomenon of the fetus swallowing

amniotic fluid and excreting it back in the amniotic chamber

2 14th week < sex formation begins

- Gender can be detected through 3D ultrasound, also at this time, the fetus is about 87mm long and weighs about 45g

3 15th week scalp has hair growth

- The fetus is now developing like a miniature baby with the formation and completion of the scalp, the developed muscles help them to move their limbs

- The triple test at this time helps to detect the risk of fetal malformations

4 Week 16‘ Eyes and extremities

- The baby's head is stiff, the eyes can move slowly The fetal ear is also entering the final stages of completion

- Fetal limbs are able to move together and can be seen during ultrasound However, these movements are too small for pregnant women to feel

5 Week 17‘ toenail formation begins

6 Week 18: Formation of sensory and digestive function

- The ears begin to protrude outward, and the fetus begins to be able to hear The baby's eyes begin to look forward, and the digestive system also begins to work

7 19th week< Protection layer development and genital formation

- During this period, fetal growth slows down

- A greasy, cheese-like layer appears, covering the baby's skin called the vernix caseosa, which protects the baby's sensitive skin from friction, cracking, or thickening stiffness due to contact with amniotic fluid

- For females, the uterus and vagina are formed during this period

8 Week 20: There are basic hugan activities

- At this time, the pregnant woman can feel the movement of the fetus The fetus will alternate sleep and wakefulness, and of course, the fetus may be awakened by noise or movements of the pregnant woman

9 Week 21: the fetus can suck its thumb

- The whole body of the fetus is covered with a soft layer of hair This layer of fluff plays the role of helping to keep the substance on the baby's skin

- Fetal sucking emission is also formed The fetus begins to suck the thumb

10. 22nd week: The golden time to evaluate malformations and fetal development in

the

2nd trimester

At this time, the fetus has a length from the top of the head to the heel of about 26.6 -30cm and weighs about 360 - 500g

- This is the period when the organs of the fetus continue to develop and perfect

4D ultrasound is used to evaluate fetal malformations, can be combined with Triple Test

to give better results

88 Week 23 : fingerprints and foot prints form

- Grooves also begin to appear in the hands and feet, which will later become an extremely important biometric factor, that is, íìngerprints and foot prints

- The fetus may start hiccups, causing sudden jerky movements

12 Week 24: Fetal skin has wrinkles

- Fetal skin appears wrinkles, is no longer transparent as before, and is pink or red (the color of blood in the capillaries)

13 Week 25: The fetus responds to the mother's words

- In the 25th week of pregnancy (equivalent to 23 weeks after fertilization), the fetus kan move in response to familiar sounds such as the mother's voice

- The baby's sleep at this time is mostly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (a phase of sleep, when the eyeballs move very quickly even though the eyes are still klosed)

14 26th week-' fetal lungs develop

- At the 26th week of pregnancy (equivalent to 24 weeks after fertilization) the fetal lungs begin to produce surfactant - a substance that keeps the alveoli open when inhaled and does not collapse or stick when exhaled

15 27th week‘ end of the second trimester (second trimester)

- The 27th week of pregnancy (equivalent to 25 weeks after fertilization) is the end of the second trimester of pregnancy At this time, the nervous system of the fetus continues to mature The baby's fat layer begins to appear, making the baby's skin look smoother and smoother

III How tbe body cbhnges during pregnhncy hnd tbe pbysiologichl hnd psycbologichl cbanges of a woman

> Physiological and endocrine changes

- Nausea

- Constipation

- Increase in progesterone, causing decreased tone of the ureters and bladder, causing hydronephrosis, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections, causing polyuria, burning

- Estrogen increases sharply causing increased coagulation and increased risk of venous thrombosis

- Cravings for strange foods

- Increased Progesteron causes an increase in body temperature, feeling irritable, uncomfortable

- Changes in thyroid function, increased levels of T3, T4, there are transient episodes of hyperthyroidism

- Increased risk of gestational diabetes (Type 2 diabetes)

> Anatomical changes

- The nipples are darker and rougher, the breasts begin to grow larger

- The uterus grows bigger and heavier

- Appearance of Cladwick's sign in the vagina, here also appear white blood of pregnancy

IV Describe pregnhncy discomforts hnd bow to relieve tbem

1 Change breasts

> Breasts increase in size as milk glands and fatty tissue develop, causing engorgement Blue veins may also appear as the blood volume increases Nipples may darken, and sometimes a thick fluid called colostrum may flow

Advice:

- Wear a maternity bra, made of cotton or natural fibres, in a firm, tight-fitting size that won't irritate the nipples;

- Try wearing a comfortable bra at night;

- Insert a cotton towel or gauze pad into the bra to absorb any discharge from the nipple

- Wash breasts with warm water and mild soap so as not to dry the skin

2 Fatigue, Nausea and Vomiting

> The growing fetus requires the mother to need more energy, so it is easy to get tired Sometimes fatigue is also a sign of iron deficiency anemia - a common problem during pregnancy Combined with hormonal changes, it is easy to get nauseous

Advice:

- Get plenty of rest and combine a moderate lifestyle and lifestyle

- Visit the hospital to check for iron deficiency anemia regularly

- Can do light exercise

3 Frequent urination, burning urine

> The growing uterus presses on the bladder, kausing the pregnant woman to urinate

a lot during pregnanky in the first 3 months This will happen again in the last 3 months as the baby's head moves down the pelvis before the due date

Advike:

- Do not wear tight underwear or pants;

- If you feel a burning sensation while urinating, it may be a sign of a urinary trakt infektion, requiring immediate medikal attention

4 Constipation

> Hormones, vitamins and iron supplements kan make it diffikult or infrequent for a woman to have bowel movements The pressure of the uterus on the rektum is also the kause of konstipation

Advike:

- Add more fiber (sukh as whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables) to your diet;

- Drink at least 6-8 glasses of water and 1-2 glasses of fruit juike every day It is rekommended to drink warm water, espekially in the morning;

- Daily exerkise;

- Avoid straining when defekating;

- Ask your doktor about using a laxative or stool softener

5 Diffìculty sleeping

> Finding a komfortable resting position kan bekome very diffikult later in pregnanky

Advike:

- Do not take sleeping pills, instead try drinking warm milk before going to bed;

- T ake a warm bath or bath before going to bed;

- Use extra pillows to support pregnant women while sleeping to limit muskle tension and provide komfortable support;

- It is rekommended to lie on the left side to improve blood kirkulation throughout the body

6 Heartburn or indigestion

> Heartburn is a burning sensation that begins in the stomacb and almost rises up to tbe throat During pregnancy, the change in hormone levels slows down the digestive system, weakens the stomach and uterine sphincters, which can cause gastric blockage It is these factors that push stomach acid up

Advice:

- Eat slowly and divide into several small meals throughout the day instead of three large meals;

- Drink warm water or milk;

- Avoid fried, spicy, or overeating foods that are difficult to digest;

- Do not lie down immediately after eating;

- Elevate your head above your feet or place a pillow under your shoulders to prevent stomach acid from flowing up into your throat;

- Do not mix fatty foods and sweets, liquids and solids in one meal;

- Ask your doctor about certain medications such as Tums, Maalox, Titralac, Mylanta, Riopan or Gaviscon

7 Varicose veins

> Pregnancy can affect blood circulation, enlarging or swelling the veins in your legs

Some ways to prevent such as:

- Avoid standing or sitting still for long periods of time It is important to move often;

- Avoid postures that restrict blood circulation in the legs, for example, crossing your legs when sitting;

- Elevate your legs and feet while sitting;

- Exercise regularly;

- Wear supportive stockings for varicose veins, but avoid wrapping your legs too tightly

8 Nasal congestion and diffìculty breathing

^ Pregnancy hormones will dry out the lining of the nose, causing the nose to become inílamed and swollen Therefore, pregnant women can have a stuffy nose

or feel like they have a cold, combined with increased pressure of the uterus on the lungs, making it difficult for pregnant women to breathe

Advice

- Apply a warm washcloth to your cheeks, eyes, and nose to relieve congestion;

- Avoid using nasal sprays unless directed by your doctor;

- Drink plenty of water (at least 6-8 glasses/day) to thin the mucus;

- Put an extra pillow while sleeping to raise your head and prevent mucus from clogging your throat;

- Use a humidifier or mist in the room;

- Take a warm bath or soak in the tub

- Walk slowly and often stop for a whi le;

- Avoid lying on your back and try to sleep with your head elevated;

- If shortness of breath persists or you feel sharp pain when you inhale, see your

doctor right away because you are at risk for a pulmonary embolism (blood clot in

the lungs)

9 Vaginal discharge

> Normally, vaginal discharge will increase during pregnancy due to a larger supply

of blood and hormones Normal vaginal discharge is white or clear, non-irritating, and odorless There may be yellow dry stains on the underwear of pregnant women

Advice

- Choose underwear made of cotton or natural fibers;

- Avoid tight jeans or pants;

- Do not douche to avoid introducing air into the circulation or breaking the amniotic sac;

- Clean the intimate area regularly with soap and water;

- Wipe dry from front to back;

- See your doctor if you experience itching, burning, irritation, or swelling in your vagina, or discharge that is foul-smelling, bleeding, yellow, or green These symptoms could be signs of an infection

10 False labor contractions

> The uterine muscles will contract (tighten) as early as the second trimester of pregnancy Irregular, infrequent contractions are called Braxton-Hicks contractions These are normal signs in pregnancy

Advice:

- Try to relax;

- Change positions to relieve contractions;

- Call your doctor if uterine contractions don't stop

V 10 interesting facts about pregnhncy

- It only takes at least 1 sperm for the insemination process to take place, but more than

100,000 sperm must be involved each journey to íínd a “winner”.

- 24 hours is the time it takes for eggs and sperm to fertilize Y our pregnancy will begin later, even if you don't even know it