3G Mobile Network (WCMDA)

INTRODUCTION I. PROBLEM STATEMENT The first 3G systems were introduced in 2001, and the 4G system fully conforms with the 2012 improved IMT requirements. As soon as 3G became available, work on a 4G system began that same year. Furthermore, we are most familiar with a single telecommunications technology known as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). However, there is another network option known as WCDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). As a result, the reports major goals are: + Research on 3G + WCDMA network mode + Compare GSM and WCDMA + 3G WCDMA UMTS architecture network: R3, R4 and R5 II. CASE STUDY AND CONSTRAINTS In October 2009, 3G technology made its debut in Vietnam. Until today, when new generations of mobile phones, such as 4G and 5G, have appeared with vastly improved features over the previous generation. However, 3G continues to play an important role in the development of future network generations. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to gain knowledge of 3G and associated concepts such as WCDMA. III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT The purpose of this project was to focus on: • Understand the general architecture of a 3G mobile communication network. • Understand 3G WCDMA UMTS network architectures: R3, R4 and R5 and the GSM to 3G UMTS migration strategy IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Scientific research methodology The method of data collection Experimental method Analysis and synthesis method suitable theory V. BRIEF CONTENT The following are project implementation process: • General architecture of a 3G mobile communication network • Concepts of circuitswitched services and packetswitched services • Types of traffic and types of services that 3G WCDMA UMTS can support • 3G WCDMA UMTS architecture across different releases: R3, R4, R5 and R6 • Strategy to shift GSM to 3G UMTS CHAPTER II 3G WCDMA UMTS NETWORK OVERVIEW 2.1. 3G Definition The third generation of mobile telecommunications technology is known as 3G. It is a faster data transmission improvement for 2.5G GPRS and 2.75G EDGE networks. This is based on a set of standards for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications services and networks that meet with the International Telecommunication Unions International Mobile Telecommunications2000 (IMT2000) specifications. Wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls, and mobile TV are all applications of 3G. Services with a data transmission rate of at least 144 kbits are supported by 3G telecommunication networks. Later 3G versions, known as 3.5G and 3.75G, allow smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers with mobile broadband connectivity of many megabits per second. As a result, it may be used for wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls, and mobile TV. Since the introduction of 1G systems in 1979 and the early to mid1980s, a new generation of cellular standards has developed every 10 years or so. New frequency bands, faster data speeds, and nonbackwardcompatible transmission technologies distinguish each iteration. In mid2001, the first commercial 3G networks were launched. 2.2. General Architecture of A 3G Mobile Communication System Three components of the total path from mobile station to IP network are defined by third generation (3G) mobile networks: the radio frequencies utilized, the air interface choices used between the mobile device and base station, and the full network architecture, including component interfaces. The general architecture of a 3G network is seen in Figure 2.1. In this design, the Mobile Next Broadband Gateway serves as the gateway GPRS support node (GGSN).

3G Mobile Network

(WCMDA)

Instructor: PhD Phạm Ngọc Sơn Name of Students Student ID

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A completed study would not be done without any assistance Therefore, the author who conducted this research gratefully gives acknowledgement to their support and motivation during the time

of doing this research as a requirement of completing my project First of all, I would like to express my endless thanks and gratefulness to my supervisor PhD Phạm Ngọc Sơn His kindly support and continuous advices went through the process of completion of my thesis His encouragement and comments had significantly enriched and improved my work Without his motivation and instructions, the thesis would have been impossible

to be done effectively I would like to state my thanks to Ho Chi Minh University of Technology and Education that supported for the project and provided me lab to pursuing and completing my degree.

My special thanks approve to my parents for their endless love, care and have most assistances and motivation me for the whole of

my life I also would like to explain my thanks to my siblings, brothers and sisters for their support and care me all the time.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISCLAIMER 1

COPY RIGHT 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3

LIST OF FIGURES 4

LIST OF TABLES 5

LIST OF ABBREVIATION 6

ABSTRACT 12

CHAPTER I 13

INTRODUCTION 13

I PROBLEM STATEMENT 13

II CASE STUDY AND CONSTRAINTS 13

III DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 14

IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 14

V BRIEF CONTENT 14

CHAPTER II 15

3G WCDMA UMTS NETWORK OVERVIEW 15

2.1 3G Definition 15

2.2 General Architecture of A 3G Mobile Communication System 15

2.3 Circuit switching (CS), Packaging Switching (PS), Channel Switching Services and Packaging Switching Service 17

2.4 Trafifc Types And Services Supported 3G WCDMA UMTS 19

2.5 Architecture 3G WCDMA UMTS R3 21

2.6 Architecture 3G WCDMA UMTS R4 29

2.7 3G WCDMA UMTS Architecture R5 and R6 31

CHAPTER III 35

MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNOLOGY OF WCDMA 35

3.1 Introduce 35

3.2 Physical Class Specifications 36

3.3 Physical Channel Structure 36

3.4 Specifications Of Ue Receivers And Radials 38

3.5 AMR CODEC For W-CDMA 38

CHAPTER IV 40

CONCLUSION 40

REFERENCES 41

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.5: Logical role of SRNC and DRNC 21

Figure 2.7: 3G WCDMA UMTS ARCHITECTURE R5 and R6 28

Figure 3.2 Separate physical channel structure for uplink and

Table 3.1 Important radio transmitter and receiver

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

3 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP

4 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 3GPP2

9 Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel AP-AICH

20 CPCH Collision Detection/ Channel Assignment

23 Common Pilot Channel CPICH

31 Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCH

39 Enhanced Data rates for GPRS Evolution EDGE

41 Enhanced Dedicated Control Channel E-DPCCH

47 GSM EDGE Radio Access Network GERAN

50 Global System for Mobile Communications GSM

54 High Speed Downlink Packet Access HSDPA

55 High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel HS-DPCCH

56 High-Speed Dedicated Shared Channel HS-DSCH

58 High-Speed Physical Dedicated Shared Channel HS-PDSCH

60 High-Speed Shared Control Channel HS-SCCH

63 International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 IMT-2000

68 Interface used for communication between the RNC

69 Interface used for communication between node B

and RNC

Iub

70 Interface used for communication between RNC Iur

77 Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor OVSF

79 Primary Common Control Physical Channel P-CCPCH

88 Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN

94 Radio Access Technology RAT

100 Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH

112 Transport Format Combination Indicator TFCI

118 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS

121 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UTRAN

122 Interface used for communication between node B

and UE

Uu

123 Wideband Code Division Multiple Access WCDMA

125 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WiMAX

The telecommunications sector in general, and mobile information

in particular, has made significant growth in Vietnam in recent years In Vietnam, 5G technology is no longer unusual, and it has made great progress, contributing substantially to the 3G wireless connection technology that is the cornerstone for today's development of 4G and 5G.

A new generation of mobile phones has arrived every 10 years since the 1G technology was initially presented by Nordic Mobile Telephone in

1981 The first 2G systems were introduced in 1991, while the first 3G systems were introduced in 2001 However, following the introduction of 3G, generations of 4G and 5G came in fast succession Enough to understand the significance of 3G.

As a result, the primary goal of this study is to learn about 3G, including its idea, application, and analysis of its benefits and drawbacks

in comparison to previous and subsequent generations A study on the WCDMA network mode of 3G is in underway.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

I PROBLEM STATEMENT

The first 3G systems were introduced in 2001, and the 4G system fully conforms with the 2012 "improved IMT" requirements As soon as 3G became available, work on a 4G system began that same year.

Furthermore, we are most familiar with a single telecommunications technology known as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) However, there is another network option known as WCDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).

As a result, the report's major goals are:

+ Research on 3G

+ WCDMA network mode

+ Compare GSM and WCDMA

+ 3G WCDMA UMTS architecture network: R3, R4 and R5

II CASE STUDY AND CONSTRAINTS

In October 2009, 3G technology made its debut in Vietnam Until today, when new generations of mobile phones, such as 4G and 5G, have appeared with vastly improved features over the previous generation However, 3G continues to play an important role in the development of future network generations As a result, the primary goal of this research

is to gain knowledge of 3G and associated concepts such as WCDMA.

III DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this project was to focus on:

• Understand the general architecture of a 3G mobile communication network.

• Understand 3G WCDMA UMTS network architectures: R3, R4 and R5 and the GSM to 3G UMTS migration strategy

IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Scientific research methodology

The method of data collection

Experimental method

Analysis and synthesis method suitable theory

V BRIEF CONTENT

The following are project implementation process:

• General architecture of a 3G mobile communication network

• Concepts of circuit-switched services and packet-switched services

• Types of traffic and types of services that 3G WCDMA UMTS can support

• 3G WCDMA UMTS architecture across different releases: R3, R4, R5 and R6

• Strategy to shift GSM to 3G UMTS

3G WCDMA UMTS NETWORK OVERVIEW

2.1 3G Definition

The third generation of mobile telecommunications technology is known as 3G It

is a faster data transmission improvement for 2.5G GPRS and 2.75G EDGE networks.This is based on a set of standards for mobile devices and mobile telecommunicationsservices and networks that meet with the International Telecommunication Union'sInternational Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications Wirelessvoice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls,and mobile TV are all applications of 3G

Services with a data transmission rate of at least 144 kbit/s are supported by 3Gtelecommunication networks Later 3G versions, known as 3.5G and 3.75G, allowsmartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers with mobile broadbandconnectivity of many megabits per second As a result, it may be used for wirelessvoice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls,and mobile TV

Since the introduction of 1G systems in 1979 and the early to mid-1980s, a newgeneration of cellular standards has developed every 10 years or so New frequencybands, faster data speeds, and non-backward-compatible transmission technologiesdistinguish each iteration In mid-2001, the first commercial 3G networks werelaunched

2.2 General Architecture of A 3G Mobile Communication System

Three components of the total path from mobile station to IP network are defined

by third generation (3G) mobile networks: the radio frequencies utilized, the airinterface choices used between the mobile device and base station, and the fullnetwork architecture, including component interfaces

The general architecture of a 3G network is seen in Figure 2.1 In this design, theMobile Next Broadband Gateway serves as the gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)

Figure 2.1: 3G Mobile Network Architecture

A 3G mobile network is made up of three primary components:

 A network of radio stations (RAN) Cell towers and base stations arearranged in a hierarchical order Base transceiver stations (BTSs) or NobeBs in 3G arethe base stations There are additionally Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) thatconnect to the BTSs to form a Radio Network Subsystem in some versions (RNS).The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network is made up of RNSs that use theWideband CDMA (WCDMA) air interface option (UTRAN) In Figure 2.1, all ofthem are referred to as "network devices." The crucial element is that in the 3Gnetwork topology, all cell tower handovers are centralized

 An IP-based core network that connects the RAN to the 3G servicenetwork All of the switches, routers, and other network components necessary tocarry mobile traffic make up the core network

 A service network that is connected to the main network Accountinginformation (current balance), short message service (SMS) messaging, paging, andvoice mail are some of the services reachable (the servers in Figure 2.1) that areunique to the service provider Other services, such as the Internet, other Internetservice providers (ISPs), and business network virtual private networks, are accessiblevia the GGSN (which is not officially part of the 3G service network) (VPNs) AGGSN may be setup on the Mobile Next Broadband Gateway

The RAN, core network, and service network (as well as the GGSN) make

up the public land mobile network in 3G (PLMN) A PLMN (or "land" network)differs from a maritime network

2.3 Circuit switching (CS), Packaging Switching (PS), Channel Switching Services and Packaging Switching Service

3G provides circuit-switched telephony and video services as well as switched internet access

packet-CS (circuit switch): Circuit switching is a telecommunications network

implementation technique in which two network nodes create a dedicatedcommunications channel (circuit) via the network before communicating The circuitguarantees the channel's full bandwidth and remains connected during thecommunication session The circuit works as though the nodes were physically linked

in the same way as an electrical circuit does Circuit switching began in analogtelephone networks, when the network established a dedicated circuit between twotelephones for the duration of a call It differs from message switching and packetswitching, which employ trunklines between switching centers to transport databetween several nodes in the form of data packets without the requirement ofdedicated circuits

Figure 2.2: Circuit switching (CS)

Packet Switching (PS): is the process of a networking or telecommunications

equipment accepting a packet and routing it to a telecommunications device that willget it closer to its target Data is delivered across the telecommunications network inbrief bursts or "packets" that carry sequence numbers so that they may be reassembled

at the destination via packet switching Switches are wide-area network (WAN)devices that route packets from one end of a packet-switched network to the other.Depending on variables like traffic congestion and switch availability, data within thesame communication session may be sent across numerous alternative channels

Figure 2.3: Packet Switching (PS)

Circuit Switched Services (CS Service): This is a service in which each terminal

is assigned a distinct channel and has complete rights to utilize the channel's resourcesthroughout the call, but must pay for the entire duration regardless of whether ittransmits Circuit-switched (CS) and packet-switched (PS) services are also available(PS) Typically, this service is utilized for real-time (voice) services

Packet-switched service (PS Service): is a service in which numerous terminals

share a channel and each terminal only uses the channel's resources when data has to

be exchanged, and each terminal only pays for the amount of data received Onlypacket-switched networks support packet-switched services (PS) This service is bestsuited for non-real-time services (data transmission), but because to developments inservice technology, it can also be utilized for real-time services (VoIP) Packetswitching can be done on an ATM or IP basis

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a transmission and switching method

that separates the data to be sent into 53 bytes cells 5 header bytes (carrying routinginformation) and 48 payload bytes make up an ATM cell (containing user data) Fastswitching is possible with ATM switches because they use conventional hardwareswitching based on header routing information rather than error detection in each cell.Virtual path (VP) and virtual channel (VC) are two types of routing informationincluded in the header (VC) Connection control via VC (the user's channel) and VP(a group of VCs) allows for scalable and highly flexible operation and administration

VP is frequently constructed utilizing system data at the time of networkestablishment ATM in the core network provides several advantages, including theability to control traffic in conjunction with the RAN, the ability to implement CS and

PS functions in the same architecture, and the ability to implement CS and PS

Router IP (Internet Protocol) is a method of separating data into payload

packets during transmission Following that, each packet receives a header with theswitch's addressing information In mobile communications, an additional header isrequired to route according to the mobile's current location since the position of themobile terminal varies This type of route is referred to as tunneling GTP and MIP(Mobile IP: mobile IP) are two ways that may be utilized to do this (GPRS TunnelProtocol: GPRS tunneling protocol) A tunnel is a transmission channel in which an IPpacket is wrapped within a header at its input with the recipient's address (in this case,the mobile's current address) and unencapsulated at its output with instructions onhow to remove the header wrapper

Standards have been built on 3G WCDMA UMTS from its introduction in 1999,when ATM was the primary packet-switched technology Packet switches, on theother hand, will be IP switches or routers since telecommunications networks arebeing built on the internet today and in the future

2.4 Traffic Types and Services Supported 3G WCDMA UMTS

As 3G mobile communication enables faster transmission, Internet access andother storage of quantitative information data will develop faster In addition, 3Gmobile communication is also used for service languages In general, 3G mobilephone centers support multimedia communication services Therefore, each traffictype should guarantee a QoS level of security according to the service's application.QoS at W-CDMA is classified as follows:

There are four different QoS classes:

Conversational class: Information interaction requires a small delay (unrestricted

rows)

Streaming class: One-way information of the stream query service with delay

(terminal real-time delivery stream: Video Streaming)

Interactive class: Requires reply in a certain time and low error rate (Web

browsing, server access limited)

Background class: Requires best-effort services to be performed in the

background (e-mail, file download: Video Download)