(Luận văn thạc sĩ) conducting the environmental assessment for khanh hoa coal company VVMI to make sure the environment within and surrounding company safety

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM THI MINH TAM CONDUCTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR KHANH HOA COAL COMPANY- VVMI TO MAKE SURE THE ENVIRONMENT WIT

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

PHAM THI MINH TAM CONDUCTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR KHANH HOA COAL COMPANY- VVMI TO MAKE SURE THE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN AND SURROUNDING COMPANY

SAFETY BACHELOR THESIS

Thai Nguyen, 27/10/2020

Study Mode: Full-time

Major : Enviromental Science and Management

Faculty : International Programs Office

Batch : 2016 - 2020

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

After 5 months of internship at Khanh Hoa Coal Company, despite many

difficulties, but with the enthusiastic help of the brothers and sisters in the

company, I have successfully completed my graduation internship

First of all, I would like to thank all of Khanh Hoa Coal Company for creating conditions for me to practice at the Faculty of Environment Special thanks to Mr Nguyen An Ninh for directly guiding and helping me a lot in the process of

completing the report

Thanks for the help of PhD Director Nguyen Huu Tho has led the way, guided me

in the direction of research, comments the thesis to make it more scientific and more professional Also thank the good feelings that he has for me

Thanks also to Teachers of Advanced Education Program who have devotedly taught me the knowledge and support me during the long learning

I would like to thank my parents for being a strong supporter of mine throughout the course and thank for give me the opportunity to study

Special thanks for my classmate K48-ESM has joined with me over a long way of learning

Finally, I would like to wish you good health, happiness and success in your

teaching path

Thai Nguyen, 27 October, 2020

Student Pham Thi Minh Tam

PART I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research rationale

Natural resources are physical assets available in nature that humans are able to exploit and use, however they cannot regenerate themselves, so they are considered non-living things Although they are non-living, they still play an important role and has a close relationship with the environment [1] Every activity of exploiting resources, whether good or bad, affects the environment

In the process of industrialization and modernization of the country, our nation is constantly promoting and creating strong conditions for the development of the industry, especially the industrial exploitation because our country is known as

"gold forests, silver sea" Vietnam is the country with the largest coal reserves in Southeast Asia so far [2], so the coal mining industry has been interested in

investing and developing According to statistics, Vietnam's coal reserves are

enough to exploit for hundreds of years [3] in Quang Ninh, coal reserves are about 10.5 billion tons (of which 3.5 billion tons were searched and explored); Red River Delta region is forecasted to be about 34.5 billion tons; remaining in other

provinces However, according to the US Energy Information Administration

(EIA), Vietnam's coal volume is only about 165 million tons, with mainly open-pit mines distributed in provinces such as Quang Ninh, Lang Son, and Thai

Nguyen [4] The Coal industry is an industry that exploits the nation's

non-renewable natural resources It plays an important role in the country's economic development, especially in ensuring the national energy security However, the coal mining industry causes great disadvantages to the protection of the natural environment as well as human living environment such as smoke and dust from mines Besides, coal is also a source of great harm to the environment, is the main culprit creating the greenhouse effect [5] This requires the state and investors

to have appropriate management solutions, technology solutions and treatment solutions to minimize negative impacts on the environment

On the mineral map of Vietnam, Thai Nguyen is a province with rich resources, especially Coal Currently, there are many coal mines operating in the area such as Khanh Hoa, Phan Me, Nui Hong Khanh Hoa is a large coal mine located in the

North of Thai Nguyen city Coal mining here has brought many economic benefits, creating jobs for local people methods, contributing to promoting the development

of the market economy However, the outdated exploitation technology causes the waste of resources, changes the terrain landscape, narrows the area of production land and forest land due to the continuous expansion of the exploitation area,

causing pollution Contamination of the soil, water, air environment, and

accumulation of wastes altering biological resources and ecosystems [6]

It is necessary to assess the environmental impact of coal mining activities, thereby helping to determine the correct level of environmental pollution caused by coal mining in addition to find out the most appropriate treatment

Starting from the above situation, I carried out the research topic: “Conducting the environmental assessment for Khanh Hoa Coal Company- VVMI to make sure the environment within and surrounding company safety” to bring out the

current state of the environment in Khanh Hoa coal mine and find out suitable environmental improvement measures

1.2 Research’s objective

- Detecting environmental pollutants at Khanh Hoa Coal Company

- Assess the level of Impact on the surrounding factory

- Propose solutions to minimize and prevent impacts

1.3 Research question and hypotheses

1.3.1 Research questions

- Is the ambient environment of Khanh Hoa Coal Company safe to the local

people, workers and ecosystems around the factory?

- Which environment factor suffered the most impact Khanh Hoa Coal Company?

- How we can mitigate the impact of Khanh Hoa Coal Company to the

environment and local people?

1.3.2 Hypotheses

- Null hypothesis:

+ Although the white smoke emitted from Khanh Hoa Coal Company, the

parameters of factors contained in the smoke are lower than the permitted level The air quality ambient factory is safe

+ The treated wastewater from company which discharge to the environment is acceptable because all the indicator is meet the regulation standard

+ The soil around the factory is safe and the local people can have agricultural production

- Alternative hypothesis:

+ Observing the white smoke flew from Khanh Hoa Coal Company and some strange smell The air quality of the ambient the factory is polluted The indicators

of air quality higher than the permitted standard

+ The treated wastewater inside the factory has a smell and not transparent Thus, the water discharged in the environment is pollution and impact on aquatic species and daily life water of local people

+ The soil around company could be polluted by heavy metal because of the

production activities of factory

1.4 Limitations

Collecting and sanitation issues

Waste collection (including liquid and solid waste) is being carried out by Khanh Hoa Coal Company in accordance with the State's process and regulations

However, in fact, the infrastructure and collection and treatment are still manual

and ineffective because there are still damaged points of pipes and sewers In

addition, the volume of input water tanks is small, sometimes causing overflow, stasis, very unhygienic and wastewater after treatment will be discharged directly into the environment

Meanwhile, other types of waste generated in the life process, the company will collect all of them into a dedicated container to transfer to the unit with the

function of treating domestic waste

Moreover, during the manufacturing process, it will create dust that gets into the air and is difficult to collect and treat completely before being discharged into the environment Therefore, more or less affects the quality of the surrounding

environment and human health

Management and handling

With the wastewater, the company does not directly treat it, but hired

Environment-TKV One Member Limited Company to treat mine wastewater into industrial wastewater and discharge it directly into the environment

In terms of solid waste generated in the mining process, the company uses

specialized trucks and collects it at two landfills in the South and the West

Waste generated in the process of living is gathered and assigned to the functional unit for treatment

In terms of air and noise have not been handled according to a specific process, methods and techniques are still rudimentary such as watering, car washing,

vehicle repair and maintenance are not really effective, potentially many risks polluting the environment

Environmental awareness

Propaganda and advocacy for environmental protection in general and

management and treatment of wastewater and wastes in particular have been

concerned and focused but not really effective Communication is mainly through word of mouth or through loudspeaker However, the company has also made certain investments to ensure environmental sanitation

1.5 Definitions

According to the 2014 environmental protection law:

- Environment is a system of natural and man-made material factors that affect the existence and development of humans and organisms [7]

- Environmental pollution is the change of environmental components not in

accordance with environmental technical regulations and environmental standards, and adversely affects humans and organisms [7]

- Environmental technical regulation is the limit of parameters on the quality of the surrounding environment, the content of pollutants contained in the waste,

technical and managerial requirements that are available by state agencies

authority issued in the form of mandatory documents applicable to environmental protection [7]

- Environmental standards are the limits of parameters of the quality of the

surrounding environment, the content of pollutants contained in the waste,

technical and management requirements that are managed by state agencies and agencies published in the form of a voluntary document applying to protect the environment [7]

PART II: LITTERATURE REVIEW

1 Background

In recent years, along with the continuous development of the country of Vietnam

in general, Thai Nguyen province in particular has grown strongly in all aspects With the advantage of the available natural resources, especially coal, many coal mining companies have been built to exploit "black gold" One of them cannot be ignored Khanh Hoa coal company- VVMI

Over 71 years of construction and development, Khanh Hoa Coal Company -

VVMI is a unit of Viet Bac Mining Industry Corporation TKV-JSC is located in Son Cam commune, Phu Luong district, Thai Nguyen city with an area of

11,141m2 [8] and is constantly being expanded, has gone through many stages with different names, according to the Decision No 1371 / QD-BCN dated May

26, 2006 by the Minister of Industry (now the Ministry of Industry and Trade) decided to name it Khanh Hoa Coal Company-VVMI With an initial charter

capital of 60 billion VND [9] and annual investments up to hundreds of billion VND, the development ability of Khanh Hoa Coal Company in the future is

extremely strong The main task of the Company is to exploit and process coal for the Cao Ngan thermal power plant, the cement factories of the Corporation and the Bac Thai Coal Company with the annual coal consumption volume of about

600,000 tons To implement the company's production development strategy for the period 2020-2025 and a vision to 2030, Khanh Hoa Coal Company will

perform a number of key tasks, such as: Continuing to research and apply

solutions Advanced technology and technology improve production and business efficiency, associated with the work of ensuring labor safety and hygiene and

environmental protection in the coal mining process At the same time, to focus on speeding up the implementation of projects on compensation for ground clearance

to expand production fields and waste disposal sites; invest in renovating and

synchronizing modern equipment with suitable large capacity; to continue

researching and promoting the application of mechanization, computerization, and automation of stages in the production line to improve the efficiency of production and business; investment in human resource development; perfecting mechanisms and policies to attract workers with high professional qualifications, good skills

and real enthusiasm to build and develop the company; continue to implement the project of restructuring the workforce in accordance with the new governance model, ensuring streamlining and compactness with the aim of increasing labor productivity and increasing income for employees, with target "Safety - Efficiency

- Development" [10]

2 Impact of Khanh Hoa Coal Company

2.1 Positive impact

2.1.1 Providing a fuel source for the country

From 2015 to 2019, the Company exploited 2.3 million tons of raw coal (225,762 tons of underground coal), peeled 21 million cubic meters of rock and soil, dug 4,213m of furnace, consumed 3.1 million tons of coal, submit to the budget 831.5 billion dong, average income is 8.5 million dong / month Millions of tons of that coal has produced millions of tons of cement and billions of kilowatts of electricity contribute significantly to the construction of the country

One of the development steps of Khanh Hoa Coal is the Cao Ngan thermal power plant investment project approved by the Government on December 3, 1998, with the total investment of the project is nearly 124 million USD and to assign 100MW

of electricity generation capacity, using 75% of Khanh Hoa coal and 25% of Nui Hong coal In July 2007, Cao Ngan Thermal Power Plant officially generated

commercial electricity on the national grid Thanks to the establishment of the Cao Ngan Thermal Power Plant and the cement plants of Viet Bac Mining Industry Corporation, Khanh Hoa coal has had stable consumption with the annual output from 550,000 to 600,000 tons From here, Khanh Hoa Coal Company has the main task to always ensure adequate supply of coal for the Cao Ngan Thermal Power Plant and the cement plants of Viet Bac Mining Industry Corporation "[11]

2.1.2 Solving the career issue

In addition to providing fuel for the energy industry, Khanh Hoa Coal Company also solves employment problems for many workers Mining activities in the past years have also contributed significantly to promoting the local economy, bringing practical benefits in social life such as: Creating jobs and stable income for about

900 employees Including many local workers, contributing to solving

unemployment with the average monthly saraly from 8 to 10 million per person, increasing income and stabilizing society [12]

At the same time, besides focusing on speeding up the implementation of clearance compensation projects to expand production; invest in renovating and

synchronizing modern equipment with suitable large capacity; The company also invests in developing human resources, perfecting mechanisms and policies to attract workers with high professional qualifications, good skills and really

dedicated to building and developing the company; continue to implement the project of restructuring the workforce in accordance with the new governance model, ensuring streamlining and compacting in order to increase labor

productivity and increase income for employees

2.2 Negative impacts

There is no denying what Khanh Hoa Coal Company has brought to Vietnam However, it inevitably has negative impacts not only on the natural environment but also the social and social environment

2.2.1 For the natural environment

Although the negative impact on the natural environment is minimized by

wastewater and solid waste treatment systems, it causes a great impact on the

environment However, due to the specificity of the coal mining industry that it is necessary to use a lot of water to wash the contaminants, there are many toxic substances in coal such as lead and arsenic, so it cannot be denied the harmful

effects that can cause with the natural environment The expansion and

enhancement of coal mine capacity in recent years has had a significant impact on the provincial environment The problem of environmental pollution in Khanh Hoa coal mine needs special attention

The risk of shrinking the area of agricultural land, forestry, reducing biodiversity, changing topography

The risk of lowering the groundwater level: Leaving the pit, the furnace lines with great depth The open pit Khanh Hoa coal mine is now down to the depth of -

230m, which has a large impact on the regional groundwater level

The risk of landslide: People in Phuc Ha commune are also frustrated by the

serious environmental pollution They said, every day, tons of soil and rock

generated in the mining process are dumped on the landfill, resulting in dumping in excess of the allowed threshold, causing a high risk of landslides [13] According

to the actual survey of the landfill sites, most of the disposal has not ensured safety design, separating the waste layer according to the design The phenomenon of landslides in the landfill caused sedimentation of surrounding streams, especially affecting the people's rice fields, causing difficulties in agricultural production Water pollution: At Khanh Hoa coal mine, a large amount of waste and wastewater

is discharged every day Although signed a contract with the treatment company and have measures to treat it before discharging into the environment, there are still some loopholes that if not properly managed, will cause serious environmental pollution Mineral extraction is one of the types of activities that generate waste water, most of the wastewater at the mine is only preliminarily treated through sedimentation tanks and then discharged into surface water Pollution in

wastewater is suspended solids, color, some heavy metals,…

Air environmental pollution: The activities of drilling, blasting are the main

sources of dust gas, dust pollution in coal mining areas It does not to mention that hundreds of heavy trucks move every day causing smog, air pollution and noise pollution Not only that, but the blasting of coal mining not only causes loud noises but also cracks the houses of many households [14]

Land pollution and degradation: Coal mining also has a negative impact on the quality of the surrounding land Wastewater containing many heavy metals,

sediment following rainwater overflows to the receiving paddy fields, along the receiving stream, landslides and soil erosion are the main factors causing land degradation in the mine area

General assessment: Coal mining in the past years, in addition to bringing about significant economic benefits, also leaves many issues that need to be addressed and resolved: such as shrinking land area, decreasing biodiversity study, dust pollution, the problem of landslide of landfills, sedimentation of the stream bed

To have radical solutions to this problem, it is necessary to have synchronous

attention from investors, regulatory agencies local authorities

2.2.2 For people living around the factory

For many years, people in Phuc Ha commune (Thai Nguyen city) have been living with pollution caused by coal mining and transportation Going around village roads, alleys, everywhere you see a dark color, clean water is not available, houses are rutting According to the reporter's survey, coal dust clinging to houses, trees and flying in the air Because the open-pit coal mines, deep into the ground absorb all the underground water, the wells, drilled wells of the people are depleted of drinking water In addition, the houses, gardens of people around the coal mine also have subsidence and cracking phenomenon Pollution has directly affected people's health and disturbed the life of the residential area The rock dump has not burned all, the smell of sulfur, when there is a wind, the residential area always has

to close the door, because if it opens, it will only take a few minutes for black coal dust to fill all objects in home [15]

3 Environmental management at Khanh Hoa Coal Company

Management solutions: Currently the mine has an Environmental Safety

Department with more than 10 officers in charge of mining safety issues, mine environmental issues, including 01 officer in charge of the environment [16] In environmental management activities, mines are always conscious of complying

with general regulations related to environmental protection under the Law on Environment such as: Preparation of environmental impact assessment reports, periodic pollution control programs and periodically report the environment to the environmental protection depository and management agency

To synthesize environmental management at Khanh Hoa coal mine on that basis to identify existing problems and propose solutions to overcome, report based on the method of building a group of criteria, assessing the importance, compliance with the criteria, scoring and evaluation

4 Introduction to EIA project at Khanh Hoa Coal Company

4.1 Background of project

The project is oriented through the terms of the environmental impact assessment project: "Conducting the environmental impact assessment for Khanh Hoa Coal Company-VVMI to make sure the environment within and surroundings of factory safety ''

4.2 Location of project

Figure 1: Administrative map of Phu Luong district (Viet Nam website)

Khanh Hoa coal mine is 4 km west of Thai Nguyen city center The west of the mine is adjacent to Ba Son coal mine, the Southeast is adjacent to Quan Trieu station The East of the mine is adjacent to Highway 3 Thai Nguyen - Bac Kan - Tuyen Quang

Adjacent to 3 communes:

+ An Khanh commune (Dai Tu district)

+ Son Cam commune (Phu Luong district)

+ Phuc Ha commune (Thai Nguyen city)

Figure 2: Topographic map of Khanh Hoa coal mine

The quarry's infrastructure has been built relatively fully, the communication

routes from the quarry to the villages and to the city center are all concrete roads with a roadbed width of> 5m

4.3 The main objectives of the project

- Through field surveys, direct assessment, establish a brief character of the environmental situation in the target area detection of environmental pollutants at Khanh Hoa Coal Copany

- Assess the impact of Khanh Hoa Mining on the surrounding environment on the quality of water, soil and air as well as on the people living around the area

- Propose solutions to minimize and prevent impacts, regarding activities to be performed and indicators or tools included in the monitoring and evaluation system price of the program

5 Environmental policy, legislative and institutional framework

In order to evaluate the environmental impact of Khanh Hoa Coal Mine, environmental laws as well as Vietnamese standards were used:

Law on Environmental Protection dated June 23, 2014

QCVN 05: 2009 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality

This regulation prescribes a limit value of basic parameters, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), ozone (O3), suspended dust, PM10 dust (dust ≤ 10µm) and lead (Pb) in the surrounding air It applies to assessing ambient air quality and monitoring air pollution (QCVN 05: 2009 / BTNMT) [17]

QCVN 08-MT: 2015 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality It is a standard that helps assess and manage surface water quality, as a basis

for appropriate water protection and use, as well as a basis for the preparation and approval of water use planning for use purposes determined As a basis to control

the sources of waste discharged into receiving sources, ensuring that surface water

is always suitable for its intended use and taking measures to improve and restore water quality (QCVN 08-MT: 2015 / BTNMT) [18]

QCVN 03: 2008 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils Setting limits on the total content of some heavy metals:

Arsenic (As), Cadimi (Cd), Dong (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in the topsoil according to the purpose of use land (QCVN 03: 2008 / BTNMT).[19]

QCVN 24:2016/BYT - National Technical Regulation on Noise [20]

QCVN 06 : 2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous substances

in ambient air According to this regulation, it stipulates the maximum allowable

concentration of hazardous substances in the air, simultaneously assessing air quality and monitoring pollution (QCVN 06 : 2009/BTNMT).[21]

To assess the impact of Khanh Hoa Coal company on its environment surround, it is really important to evaluate the different aspects of the environment This research would focus on three main sectors including assessing the air quality, water quality, and soil quality The sampling carried out carefully to minimize possible errors The samples could be tested directly in the locations or took the sample to the laboratory

to analyze and record the results

These law has several main goals as follows The first is the installation, maintenance and improvement of ESM so that the company can improve its environmental quality The second is to check if the factory complies with the environmental policies set by laws as well as national standards Then it allows proving the fit and getting certified from an external creature Thus, the results are objective and unbiased Finally, ESM allows the realization of a self-assessment of compliance with national laws

PART III: METHODS

1 General approach

The research group came to Khanh Hoa Coal Company to conduct the environmental impact assessment in two areas, inside the factory and the residential area around the mine To do this, the research was followed based on the diagram below (Figure 3)

Figure 3 Steps of conducting EIA in Khanh Hoa Coal Mine

To begin with, the researchers had to read a lot of documents such as scientific environment assessment, the reports related to the environmental impacts, the newspaper about the activities of Khanh Hoa Mining and the like From there, the basic information and knowledge would be formed for later research Next, the relevant environmental literature, environmental policy, and legislation framework were also used as references Based on the national standards and regulations, the analyzed results would be compared and assessed to identify the environmental problems in the research place Then the group researchers would come to Khanh

Review of documentation

Fieldwork and analysis

Review of relevant environmental literature, environmental policy

and legislation framework

Impact identification and evaluation

Preparation of mitigation/optimization measures

Preparation of the Environmental Management Plan

Preparation of the final EIA report

Hoa Coal Company to do the fieldwork which includes observation and detect the problems, setting up the equipment, measure the environmental indicators, take samples to a laboratory to analyze and interview the people who live around Khanh Hoa Mine After the analysis, the researchers would be based on the results to identify the problems, whether the environment pollution happens in Khanh Hoa Coal Mine, then gave the evaluations for the ambient environment quality in the research place After the environmental problems were detected, according to the features and characteristics to prepare the mitigation and optimization measures to cope with those problems Moreover, the environment management plan also needs

to prepare to have the best strategies and methods to manage the environment in Khanh Hoa Coal Company Finally, the most important work was preparing a final EIA report This report is the final result to look back on all the issues during the study It is also the basis and proof of the environment at Khanh Hoa Coal Company and is a reference for future research

1.1 Field study method

Figure 4: Interviewing the local people (Hang, 2020)

Besides, the took samples from the environmental factors around Khanh Hoa Coal Mine, the group research also directly interview and survey with households

around the mine to identify the environmental problems arising The questionare listed in the Table 1

Table 1 The survey questions for local people around Khanh Hoa Coal Mine

Questions

1 What do you think about water quality here?

2 Does the water have a strange smell or taste?

3 Do you see any sign of Khanh Hoa Coal Company's illegal discharge

wastewater or garbage into its surroundings?

4 Do people feel an unpleasant smell coming from Khanh Hoa Mine?

5 Do people see emissions emitted from the factory?

6 Do people often feel short of breath or often getting a related respiratory

illness?

7 Whether the noise from the factory impact your daily life?

8 Do operations of the factory and transportation facilities bother you?

9 Does the operation of the mine affect agricultural production activities here?

10 Since Khanh Hoa Coal Company come to operation, have insects or pests such

as mosquitoes and flies have suddenly grown?

1.2 Official method

1.2.1 Air quality measurement

The air quality would be measured directly in the sample locations based on the QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT and QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT Moreover, the analytical method of determining air quality parameters complies with the guidance of

national standards or corresponding analysis standards of international

organizations ("QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT", 2009)

- “TCVN 5978: 1995 (ISO 4221: 1980) Air quality Determine the mass

concentration of sulfur dioxide in the surrounding air Photometric method using thorin” ("QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT", 2009)

- “TCVN 5971: 1995 (ISO 6767: 1990) Ambient air Determine the mass

concentration of sulfur dioxide Tetrachloromercurate (TCM) / Pararosanilin

method” ("QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT", 2009)

- “TCVN 5972: 1995 (ISO 8186: 1989) Ambient air Determine the mass

concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) Gas chromatographic method” ("QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT", 2009)

- “TCVN 5067: 1995 Air quality The weight method determines the dust content

“("QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT", 2009)

- “TCVN 6138: 1996 (ISO 7996: 1985) Ambient air Determination of mass

concentration of nitrogen oxides Optical chemical method” ("QCVN

05:2009/BTNMT", 2009)

- “TCVN 5969: 1995 (ISO 4220: 1983) Ambient air Determination of air pollution index by acid gases The end-titration method detects the endpoint by a color

indicator or potentiometer” ("QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT", 2009)

1.2.2 Water quality measurement

To measure the water quality inside and outside Khanh Hoa Coal Mine, the water samples took in the sample locations and analyzed in the lab The methods to take samples and determine the pollution in water based on QCVN 08 MT:2015/BTNMT and QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT

1 Sampling to determine the quality of wastewater applies the guidelines of the following national standards:

- “TCVN 6663-1: 2011 (ISO 5667-1: 2006) - Water quality - Part 1: Instructions for setting up a sampling program and sampling techniques” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6663-3: 2008 (ISO 5667-3: 2003) - Water Quality - Sampling Instructions for storage and handling of samples” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 5999: 1995 (ISO 5667-10: 1992) - Water Quality - Sampling Guidance

on wastewater sampling” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

2 Methods of determining pollution control parameters

In industrial wastewater, comply with the following national and international standards:

- “TCVN 4557: 1988 Water quality - Methods of determining temperature” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6492: 2011 (ISO 10523: 2008) Water quality - Determination of pH” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6185: 2008 - Water quality - Testing and determination of colors” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6001-1: 2008 (ISO 5815-1: 2003), Water quality - Determination of biochemical oxygen demand after n days (BODn) - Part 1: Dilution method and transplanting with allylthiourea” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6001-2: 2008 (ISO 5815-2: 2003), Water quality - Determination of biochemical oxygen demand after n days (BODn) - Part 2: Method for undiluted samples” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6491: 1999 (ISO 6060: 1989) Water quality - Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD)” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6625: 2000 (ISO 11923: 1997) Water quality - Determination of suspended solids by filtration through glass fiber filters” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6626: 2000 Water quality - Determination of arsenic - Atomic absorption spectrometry method (hydrogen technique)” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6193: 1996 Water quality - Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead Method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6177: 1996 Water quality - Determination of iron by a spectrometric method using 1,10-phenanthroline reagent” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 5988: 1995 (ISO 5664: 1984) Water quality - Determination of ammonium

- Distillation and titration methods” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6638: 2000 Water quality - Determination of nitrogen - Catalytic digestion after reduction with Devarda alloy” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 6202: 2008 (ISO 6878: 2004) Water quality - Determination of phosphorus

- Spectrometric method using ammonium molybdate” ("QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

- “TCVN 8775: 2011 Water quality - Determination of total coliform” ("QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT", 2011)

1.2.3 Soil quality measurement

Figure 5: Soil sample location (Tam, 2020)

To measure soil quality around the Khanh Hoa Coal Mine, the researchers took the

sample in some locations and brought it to the laboratory to analysis In fact, the

standard in QCVN 03: 2008/BTNMT would be used as a basis, the soil quality would

be measured following the procedure:

1 Sample

“Samples are taken to determine the heavy metal criteria specified in Section 2 of

this Regulation according to TCVN 4046: 1985 - Arable land Sampling method and

TCVN 5297: 1995 - Soil quality - Sampling - general requirements” ("QCVN 03:

2008/BTNMT", 2008)

2 Methods of analysis

Heavy metal criteria specified in Item 2 of this Regulation are determined by the following methods:

- “TCVN 6649: 2000 (ISO 11466: 1995) Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements dissolved in aqua regia” ("QCVN 03: 2008/BTNMT", 2008)

- “TCVN 6496: 1999 (ISO 1 1047: 1995) Soil quality - Determination of Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Manganese, and Nickel in soil extracts by aqua regia - Flame and zero absorption method fire” ("QCVN 03: 2008/BTNMT", 2008)

2 Environmental quality indicators

The environmental quality indicator would be divided into four main sectors which are air indicators, noise indicators, water indicators, and soil indicators The collected analyses would compare to the national standards to see which indicators are higher than the standard and which one lower

2.1 Air indicators

Table 2 Limit value of basic parameters in ambient air (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT)

Order Parameter Average

1 hour

Average

3 hour

Average 24 hour

Average year

*Note: The sign (-) is not defined

Unit: Micrograms per cubic meter (μg / m3)

Residential land

Commercial land

Industrial land Arsenic

Unit: mg/kg dry soil

3 Environmental baseline study

To conduct the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) around Khanh Hoa Coal Company, the data collection is an important work that meets to purposes The first purpose is helping the researchers understand the current situation in Khanh Hoa Coal Company and base on the situations to carry out the appropriate projects The second, when the project is implementing, it helps to predict and assess the

possible change in the environmental factors around Khanh Hoa Coal Mine

3.1 Topography and climate

Khanh Hoa Coal Company located in an area of land in Phu Luong district which has the majority terrain is the mountains and hills The climate is tropical monsoon and it has two main distinct hot and cold seasons The hot season is from April to October when has a lot of rains and there is a little rain in the cold season from November to March next year [22] The average humidity in months is from 79%

to 98.3% and annual rainfall ranges from 1,800mm to 2,000mm, the highest point

is in August and the lowest in January and December (figure 6) [23] The number

of sunshine hours of the year is from 1,300 to 1,750 hours and the amount of

radiation is about 115 Kcal / cm2 [24] The highest temperature is from May to September with more than 30 degrees Celsius (Figure 7) The Phu Luong's climate

is quite favorable for agricultural production, and it is possible to cultivate many types of crops However, because of the amount of rainfall mostly in the hot season and the hydrological regime is uneven, so it often causes floods [25]