Changing one’s sleep pattern, either by going to bed later or waking up earlier, can be effective in dealing with insomnia in older people.. Therapy also depends on the cause and severit[r]
Trang 1SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO LÀO CAI
ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN THI HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA NĂM HỌC: 2017-2018 Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thờigian thi: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề)
Ngày thi: 4/10/2017
Đề thi có 15 trang
Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu, kể cả từ điển
Giám thị không giải thích gì thêm
Số phách
I LISTENING (50 POINTS)
Part 1: You are going to hear a writer called Peter Watkins being interviewed by the
programme presenter, Sue Manchester He is talking about his book, which discusses the
behaviour of animals and birds in relation to the weather For questions 1-6, decide whether these statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
1 Sue has little faith in the accuracy of sayings about the weather
2 Peter says that low-flying birds suffer badly in storms
3 Peter believes that there is a logical explanation for why certain birds change their habits
4 According to Peter, insects have difficulty in sensing changes in the atmosphere
5 Peter says that weather sayings used to be confined to the farming community
6 Peter says that in the past people relied on animal and bird behaviour to predict the weather
Your answers
Part 2: You will hear two well-known singer songwriters, Cathy and Paul, talking about their approach to writing songs For questions 7-12, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree.
7 Many of my songs have never been recorded
8 I have to view songwriting as a job
9 I rarely have difficulty in coining up with new songs
10 I don't allow myself to waste time on a song that is hard to complete
11 I've been surprised by the success of some of my songs
12 I need to have an idea before I can write a song
Your answers
Part 3: You will hear a group of art history students going round an art gallery with their teacher For questions 13 - 17, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which best fits according to what you hear.
Trang 213 Which is true about Burne-John’s belief in art?
A Art ought to be true to nature
B Art must have a clear moral point
C Art should play an instructive role in a modern industrial society
D Art need not any realistic value
14 It appears that the story of the King and the Beggar Maid was
A a well-known Victorian tale
B popularized by a poet
C brought to the artist's attention by his wife
D taken up by novelists at a later stage
15 According to the student, how did the painter approach the work?
A He wanted to portray the beggar very realistically
B He copied parts of the painting from an Italian masterpiece
C He had certain items in the painting made for him
D He wanted to decorate the clothing with jewels
16 The student thinks that in some ways the painting depicts
A an uncharacteristically personal message
B the great sadness of the artist
C the artist's inability to return the girl's love
D the fulfillment of the artist's hopes and dreams
17 What was people's reaction to the painting?
A They recognized Frances Graham as the model for the Beggar Maid
B They realized how personal the painting was for the artist
C They interpreted the painting without difficulty
D They did not approve of the subject matter of the painting
Your answers
Part 4: Listen to BBC news and fill in the missing information from questions 18 to 25 with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump have clashed over jobs, trade, taxes, (18) and security in their first presidential debate Each candidate tried to (19) the other and argued over who
had the (20) to be president (21) was an issue for both candidates For Mr
Trump that's about not releasing his (22) and for Mrs Clinton it concerns thousands of emails which were deleted from her private server when she was Secretary of State Reports from Aleppo say that Syrian Government Forces are making advances in the centre of the divided city It follows several days of (23) against the rebel-held East
And scientists in the United States say the World's first baby has been born using a new
(24) technique The New Scientist magazine said it had allowed them to bypass an
(25) condition
Your answers
II LEXICO – GRAMMAR (20 POINTS)
Part 1: For questions 26-35, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following questions Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
26 When the heater caused a fire, Gloria kept her up and phoned for assistance right away, otherwise, the whole house might have burned down
27 I was sitting on the bus when I heard this odd of convesation
Trang 3A lump B air C snatch D stab
28 It is best that a judge be as as possible when deciding cases
A intentional B impartial C perceptible D equalized
29 Have you been against flu in the last few years?
A prescribed B diagnosed C injected D inoculated
30 Because of the ice, drivers found their cars on the road
A skidding B slipping C squeaking D squealing
31 At the scene of the disaster the Prime said some comforting words to the relatives
A lamenting B wailing C promting D grieving
32 The complicated medical operation was for several hours We can do nothing but wait for the result
A touch and go B caught on C on edge D covered up
33 Do not yourself; you must pass the last exam of the semester to graduate
A depreciate B delude C relinquish D prohibit
34 The administrative law is intended to spending cost
35 From the top of the hill the village looks quite close, but distances are
A deceptive B deceitful C illusory D false
Your answers
Part 2: Read the text below Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form
a word that fits in the gap There is an example at the beginning (0).
SHOPAHOLIC
“Retail therapy” – Shopping to improve your mood – has become something of a fashionable leisure (0) pursuit
in Britain in recent years It is the acceptable face of something much more sinister – the serious medical condition of shopping addiction The number of people suffering from this illness has (36) (TAKE) the number of drug and addicts combined Some experts believe that twenty per cent of the female population may be shopaholics The condition has led to family (37) (BREAK), depression and homelessness Psychiatrists claim one reason for the epidemic is that shopping has never been so (38) (ALLURE) Shopping centers are no beautiful, attractive places In some shops, store card or loyalty cards are offered (39) (DISCRIMINATE) at the till, and credit is still relatively easy to obtain Experts also claim that shopping addiction often masks deeper problems As one of them says, “Mostly there is (40) (LIE) depression and anxiety, sometimes caused by a disturbed relationship with one of parents Cold and unemotional parents often lavish presents on their offspring, who then come to associate that with pleasure
Your answers
Part 3: Complete each sentence with a suitable particle or particles.
41 Mr Jerkin must be getting _ 80 at the end of this month
42 He was tricked signing the document, which effectively handed over possession of his house to his nephew
43 I made a small mistake and my boss bit my head
44 I put it all his hard work and initiative
45 Would you mind running your eyes this report
Your answers
III READING (50 POINTS)
Trang 4Part 1: Read the following passages and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap Write your answers (A, B, C, or D) in corresponding numbered boxes.
Passage 1
Singaporeans tend to consider their nation an outpost of progress in an untidy world – a 19th century English colonial outlook transposed into a “modern” Asia (46) on hard work and intelligence That’s understandable, for Singapore is an object lesson in how to (47) national priorities – and (48) through on them year upon year From an inhospitable swampland has (49) a modern affluent city-state-part financial services center, part hi-tech manufacturer, part entrepot to its less developed neighbours Few doubt that, by the end of the decade, living (50) in Singapore will be on a (51) with those of the developed world
49 A emerged B established C embodied D encompassed
Your answers
Passage 2
Celebrity role-models
Research in the University of Leicester Department of Media and Communication examined interest in celebrities and gossip about them It was carried out by Dr Charlotte De Backer who sought in her study to explain interest in
celebrity culture According to Dr De Backer: 'Life is about learning and (0) _B _experience, and in that
process we have a tendency to observe and mimic the actions of others Ideally we mimic what makes others successful and (52) unsuccessful actions others have trailed and paid for In reality, humans seem
to have the tendency to mimic the overall behaviour pattern of the higher status of those more successful than themselves This explains why celebrities act as role models for broad (53) of behaviour they display — whether- good or bad.' Dr De Backer also examined another theory for interest in celebrity, known as the Parasocial Hypothesis In this (54) , the bonds are parasocial, or one-way, because the celebrity reveals private information, often involuntarily The audience members respond emotionally to this information, although there is hardly ever any feedback on the private life of the audience going to the celebrity, nor do celebrities (55) _ emotions towards their audience Her study of 800 respondents and over 100 interviews (56) that younger participants showed greater interest in celebrity gossip, even if it was about celebrities who were much older than them and even when they did not know who the celebrities were They showed greatest interest in internationally-known celebrities, because they considered those as more (57) Her study also found that older people were interested in celebrity gossip not because they wanted to learn from the celebrities, but because it helped them to form social networks with other people 'We found in the interviews that older people do not gossip about celebrities because they want to learn from them
or feel (58) by them, but because they use celebrity gossip to (59) with real-life friends and acquaintances As we live in scattered societies, celebrities can act as our mutual friends and acquaintances.'
56 A reinforce B assured C validated D confirmed
57 A reputable B honourable C prestigious D illustrious
58 A befriended B sustained C patronized D upheld
Trang 559 A tie B link C cement D bond
Your answers
Part 2: For questions 60 to 69, read the following passage, then decide which word best fits each gap
A recent report by a government department suggests there has been a significant rise in the number of young people (60) jobs Opinions on the reason for this (61) , according to the report, but there is general agreement that situation is (62) worse by employers who refuse to take (63) staff with no experience Many youngsters still find it impossible to get a job, even after undergoing (64) in their chosen fields, which often results in frustration and depression The report also points out that older staff are reluctant to make (65) for younger people as they feel their security is (66) Although the report
is critical (67) many employers, it (68) recognize that some are changing and recommends that unless attempt are being made to tackle the problem, so support should be given The report emphasizes that young people must be prepared to be flexible, accepting jobs they may not have originally (69) appropriate
Your answers
Part 3: Read the article below For questions 70 to 75, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
RIVARY OR COMPETION
Rivalry differs from other kinds of competition in its intimacy It often contenders a psychological prize people cannot win in other contexts, the chance to beat someone obnoxiously familiar, someone whose abilities and traits are frustratingly matched with their own Whether on the field, in a classroom or at work rivalry changes more than our body chemistry Researchers are now finding that
it also sways our minds, changing how we think and behave during competiton -and outside of it Rivalry not only boosts motivation but can also disrupt rational thinking, bias memories and encourage unethical behaviour
Although competition has long interested social psychologists, only recently have scientists looked at situations involving true rivals They are discovering that the psychology of rivalry differs in important ways from that of ordinary competition On the positive side, rivalry can be highly motivating In unpublished work, social psychologist Gavin J Kilduff of New York University's Stem Schools of Business analysed six years' worth of race results achieved by a running club in New York to identify rival racers-runners who were evenly matched, similar to one another in race and gender, and who frequently competed against one another Kilduff found that runners consistently ran faster when competing against rivals The mere presence of a rival could trim between 20 and 30 seconds off a runner's total race time in
a five-kilometre race
Rivalry can often hamper performance, however, especially when it comes to decision- making In a 2005 study, negotiations expert Deepak Malhotra of Harvard Business School and his colleagues asked participants to imagine themselves at an auction for a one-of-a-kind item for which they agreed to pay no more than $ 150 In the final round of bidding, some of the participants were told there were eight other contenders for the item, whereas others were told they were up against only one, to simulate a type of rivalry Then the researchers told all participants that a competitor had bid $150 and that they had to decide whether as to bid higher Participants facing a single bidder rated their excitement and anxiety as much higher than those bidding against a group and were far more likely to exceed the preset bidding limit This behaviour is economically inational, because the more bidders remaining in the final round, the more the the contested object is likely to be worth
Trang 6Rivalry impairs not only our judgment but also people's memories In a study published in February psychologist Kevin S LaBar of Duke University invited male fans of the Duke men's basketball team and of the Duke's Mal University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to watch their teams face each other on a big screen TV Each participant watched the game with two or three other fans of the same team Lacer LaBar asked the fans to view segments of the game while lying in a functional MRI machine Each segment focused on a single play whose outcome clearly benefited either Duke or U.N.C - but the clip always ended just before the play did, at which point the fan tried to recall how the play ended Uttar found that fans remembered outcomes that favoured their team far more accurately than those benefiting the rival team
Because we encounter people we consider rivals quite often both in and outside direct competition -rivalries may alter our motivation and moral code on a regular basis, Kilduff believes Logging onto Facebook in the morning and scrolling through your newsfeed only to stumble on a personal rival’s obnoxious status update or vain photos could influence your behaviour and decisions throughout the day You may be more likely to, say, run that red light, cut in line at the movie theatre, claim a co-worker's idea
as your own or tell a white lie to excuse a transgression against someone you love
In related work, also unpublished, Kilduff tested the relationship between rivalry and unethical behaviour by simulating rivalries in the laboratory He set up two contests In the rival condition, students repeatedly faced the same opponent and experienced narrow margins of victory and defeat; in the ordinary competition situation, participants faced different opponents and experienced lopsided margins The students who faced a rival later scored higher on a test of Machiavellian attitudes, which measures whether people endorse selfish, devious and manipulative behaviour High scores on this scale are correlated with unethical actions such as cheating, lying and exploitation Competing against a rival, Kilduff says, may bring out the inner Machiavelli in people 'Rivalry opens up the possibility you might behave irrationally or unethically based solely on the relationship you have with your competitor It just changes everything
(From Scientifx Arnett., Mind)
70 What comment does the writer make in the first paragraph about rivalry?
A Its effects are always harmful.
B It makes us feel that we understand our opponents better.
C It has a greater influence on us than our body chemistry does.
D It creates opportunities that can't be derived from normal competition.
71 What did Gavin J Kilduff's research show?
A Contestants performed better when up against unknown rivals
B Competing against those with comparable abilities improved performance
C Athletes ran faster when competing against more than one rival
D Athletes' performance improves during a race once they realize that their opponents are capable of beating them
72 What happened during Deepak Malhotra's simulated auction?
A Those told that they were bidding against just one person became more determined to succeed
B Those who thought that they were bidding against a group never bid higher than the agreed price limit
C All the participants behaved in a highly competitive manner
D All those who thought that they were bidding against a group had no sense of rivalry
73 What did the research carried out on basketball fans prove?
A Participants remembered more when watching the match with other fans of their team
B Fans watching with rivals were unable to remember any positive aspects of the opposing team's performance
C Participants felt more rivalry towards opponents when watching the match with other fans of their team
D Fans were more likely to recall positive features of their own team's performance
74 What does the writer imply that Kilduff believes in paragraph 5?
A Being made aware of the achievements of others can be disorientating
B Comparing our own achievements with a rival's can motivate us
C People who seek out information about their rivals on Facebook are likely to behave badly
D Feeling envious of the achievements of others is a natural reaction
Trang 775 What conclusion does Kilduff come to about rivalry?
A The margins between victory and defeat are bigger between rivals than between ordinary competitors
B In a competition situation, participants behaved in an unethical fashion
C Students who had confronted a rival showed more unscrupulous character traits
D There was no evidence to show that students who competed against a rival exhibited worse behaviour than those who did not
Your answers
Part 4: You are going to read an extract from a book on human rights Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract Choose from the paragraphs A—H the one which fits each gap (76-82) There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
VALUES FOR A GODLESS AGE
When the Berlin Wall came tumbling down in 1989 so did the plaster cast which had kept the idea of human rights in limbo It was now free to evolve in response to the changing conditions of the late twentieth century
76
Of course, in one sense, the quest for universal human rights standards after the Second World War was
an early attempt to communicate across national boundaries, albeit a rather faltering endeavour, with its claims to universality challenged both in terms of authorship and content More recently, a loosening of the reins of the human rights dialogue has ushered in wider debate
77
Perhaps the best known of these is Amnesty International, established in 1961 Before Amnesty, there were very few organizations like it, yet now there are thousands operating all over the world Whether campaigning for the protection of the environment or third-world debt relief, any such organization is engaged in the debate about fundamental human rights And it is no longer just a soft sideshow
78
The fact that strangers from different countries can communicate with each other through the worldwide web
is having a similar effect in dealing a blow to misinformation During one recent major human rights trial over sixty websites sprang up to cover the proceedings, while sales of the government-controlled newspaper in that country plummeted
79
The effect of increased responsibility at this highest level has been to continually extend the consideration
of who is legally liable, directly or indirectly, under international human rights law In part, this is an acknowledgement that even individuals need to be held responsible for flagrant breaches of others' rights, whether these are preventing protesters from peacefully demonstrating or abusing the rights of children 80
It has been noted that paradoxically, in such circumstances, it may be in the interests of human rights organizations to seek to reinforce the legitimacy and authority of the state, within a regulated global framework
Trang 8Part of the new trend in human rights thinking is therefore to include powerful private bodies within its remit.The International Commission of Jurists has recently explored ways in which international human rights standards could be directly applied to transnational corporations
82
Whatever the way ahead, the lessons of the past must be learnt Any world view or set of values which is presented as self-evident is ultimately doomed to failure.The case for human rights always needs to be made and remade In a world where globalization too often seems like a modernized version of old-fashioned cultural imperialism, it is important to query the claim that human rights are universally accepted
A The problem is that the growth of globalization makes the protection of nation states a
pointless goal in certain circumstances Transnational corporations with multiple subsidiaries operating in a number of countries simultaneously wield significant economic and political power and it is often extremely difficult for the state - both home and host governments
- to exercise effective legal control over them
B If the proliferation of pressure groups has raised the profile of the human rights debate,
satellite television has reinforced much of the content of their campaigns The fact that from our armchairs we can all see live what is happening to others around the world has had an enormous impact on the way the struggle for human rights is viewed It would not be remotely believable to plead ignorance nowadays, for 24-hour news coverage from the world's hotspots reaches us all
C This is, after all, a uniquely propitious time, as the values and language of human rights are
becoming familiar to more and more people, who judge the merits or otherwise of political and economic decisions increasingly in human rights terms Arguments seem fresh and appealing in many quarters where once they sounded weak and stale
D On a global scale, it is not strong states that are the problem here but weak ones,
as they fail to protect their citizens from private power-whether it is paramilitaries committing murder and torture or transnational corporations spreading contamination and pollution
E One of the most significant of these is what has come to be called 'globalization', the
collapsing of national boundaries in economic, political and cultural life From the expanding role of the world's financial markets and the spread of transnational corporations to the revolution in communications and information technology, more and more areas of people's lives are affected by regional, international or transnational developments, whether they are aware of this or not
F Not only must states not infringe rights, and enforce those rights which fall within
their direct sphere (like providing a criminal justice system or holding fair elections), but they also have 'positive obligations' to uphold rights enshrined in human rights treaties, even when it is private parties which have violated them
G The results of its investigations were published in 1999 in a unique pamphlet on
Globalization, Human Rights and the Rule of Law The issue to be faced is whether to treat these and other corporations as 'large para-state entities to be held accountable under the same sort of regime as states', or whether to look for different approaches to accountability 'that are promulgated by consumer groups and the corporations themselves'
Trang 9H No longer the preserve of representatives of nation states meeting under the auspices
of the United Nations, a developing conversation is taking place on a global scale and involving a growing cast of people - for an increasing range of pressure groups now frame their aspirations in human rights terms
Your answers
Part 5: For questions 83 to 95, read the article about the Megacities and do the tasks that follow.
UNLIKELY BOOMTOWNS: THE WORLD’S HOTTEST CITIES
Megacities like London, New York and Tokyo loom large in our imaginations They are still associate with fortune, fame and the future They can dominate national economies and politics The last fifty years has been their era, as the number of cities with more than ten million people grew from two to twenty But with all espect to the science-fiction novelists who have envisioned a future of urban giants, their day is over The typical growth rate of the population within a megacity has slowed from more than eight per cent in the 1980s to less than half that over the last five years, and numbers are expected to be static in the next quarter century Instead, the coming years will belong to a smaller, far humbler relation — the Second City Within a few years, more people will live in cities than in the countryside for the first time in human history But increasingly, the urban core itself is downsizing Already, half the city dwellers in the world live in metropolises with fewer than half-a-million residents Second Cities — from exurbs, residential areas outside the suburbs of a town, to regional centres — are booming Between 2000 and 2015, the world's smallest cities (with under 500,000 people) will grow by 23 per cent, while the next smallest (one million to five million people) will grow by 27 per cent This trend is the result of dramatic shifts including the global real-estate bubble; increasing international migration; cheaper transport; new technologies, and the fact that the baby-boom generation is reaching retirement age
The emergence of Second Cities has flowed naturally (if unexpectedly) from the earlier success of the megacities In the 1990s, megacities boomed as global markets did This was particularly true in areas with high-tech or 'knowledge-based' industries like finance Bonuses got bigger, bankers got richer and real-estate prices in the world's most sought-after cities soared The result has been the creation of what demographer William Frey of the Washington-based Brookings Institute calls 'gated regions' in whi both the city and many of the surrounding suburbs have become unaffordable for all but the very wealthy 'Economically, after a city reaches a certain size its productivity starts to fall,' notes Mai Pezzini, head of the regional-competitiveness division of the OECD He puts the tipping point at about six million people, after which costs, travel times and the occasional chaos 'create a situation in which the centre of the city may be
a great place, but only for the rich, and the outlying areas become harder to live and work in' One reaction
to this phenomenon is further sprawl — high prices in the urban core and tradition suburbs drive people to distant exurbs with extreme commutes into big cities As Frey notes, in the major US metropolitan areas, average commuting times have doubled over the last fifteen years Why does one town become a booming Second City while another fails? The answer hinges whether a community has the wherewithal to exploit the forces pushing people and businesses out of the megacities One key is excellent transport links, especially to the biggest commercial centre Though barely a decade old, Goyang is South Korea's fastest-growing city in part because it is 30 minutes by subway from Seoul Another growth driver for Second Cities is the decentralization of work, driven in large part by new technologies While more financial deals are done now in big capitals like New York and London than ever before, it is also clear that plenty of booming service industries are leaving for 'Rising Urban Stars' like Dubai, Montpellier and Cape Town These places have not only improved their Internet backbones, but often have technical institutes and universities that turn out the kinds of talent that populate growth industries Consider Montpellier, France, a case study in urban decentralization Unntil the 1980s, it was like a big Mediterranean village, but one with a strong university, many lovely villas and an IBM manufacturing base Once the high-speed train lines were built, Parisians began pouring in for weekend breaks Some bought houses, creating a critical mass of middle-class professionals who began taking advantage of flexible working systems to do three days in Paris, and two down South, where things seemed less pressured
Trang 10Soon, big companies began looking at the area; a number of medical-technology and electronics firms came to town, and IBM put more investment into service businesses there To cater to the incoming professionals, the city began building amenities: opera house, a tram line to discourage cars in the city centre The result, says French urban-plann ing expert Nacima Baron, is that “the city is now full of cosmopolitan business people It's a new society” All this means that Second Cities won't stay small Indeed some countries are actively promoting their growth Italy, for example, is trying to create tourist hubs of towns close to each other with distinctive buildings and offering different yet complementary cultural activities Devolution of policymaking power is leaving many lesser cities more free than ever to shape their destinies To them all: this is your era Don't blow it
Questions 83 - 85:
Which THREE of the following statements are true of megacities, according to the text?
A They tend to lead the way in terms of fashion
B Their population has ceased to expand
C They reached their peak in the second half of the twentieth century
D 50 percent of the world’s inhabitants now live in them
E They grew rich on the profits from manufacturing industry
F Their success begins to work against them at a certain stage
G It is no longer automatically advantageous to base a company there
Questions 86 – 88:
The list below gives some possible reasons why small towns can turn into successful cities Which THREE of these reasons are mentioned by the writer of the text?
A The existence of support services for foreign workers
B The provision of cheap housing for older people
C The creation of efficient access routes
D The ability to attract financial companies
E The expertise to keep up with electronic developments
F The maintenance of a special local atmosphere
G The willingness to imitate international-style architecture
Questions 89 – 95
Complete the summary using the list of words A – R below; Write the correct letter, A – R, in the space given.
URBAN DECENTRALISATION
It is becoming increasingly obvious that large numbers of (89) _ are giving up their expensive premises in the megacities and relocating to smaller cities like Montpellier One of the attractions of Montellier is the presence of a good (90) that can provide them with the necessary skilled workforce
Another important factor for Montpellier was the arrival of visitors from the (91) _ The introduction of the (92) _meant that increasing numbers were able to come for short stays Of these, a significant proportion decided to get a base in the city The city council soon realised that they needed to provide appropriate (93) _for their new inhabitants In fact, the (94) _ among them liked the more relaxed lifestyle so much that they took advantage of any (95) _ arrangements offered by their firms to spend more of the week in Montpellier
A urban centres B finance companies C flexible