In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading cause of death if people drink from polluted water sources.. We should plant trees in our neighbourhood so trees help c[r]
Trang 1UNIT 7: POLLUTION
I Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets
1 What’s a ? It’s a substance that contaminates something (POLLUTE)
2 Scientists say that exhaust fumes are our city (POISON)
3 Many seabirds were because of the oil spill (DIE)
4 Waste from households will gradually the lake (CONTAMINATION)
5 Trees can’t grow here because the soil is too (POLLUTE)
6 That dierce storm left behind badly buildings (DAMAGE)
7 The chemical waste is dumped into the river (POISON)
8 Do you know what cause air pollution? (POLLUTE)
9 The fish are floating in the water (DIE)
10 Don’t drink that water It’s (CONTAMINATE)
11 The acid rain has caused to the trees in this area (DAMAGED)
12 If we the air, more people will have breathing problems (POLLUTION)
13 The soil becomes because of the use of so many pesticides and fertilizers
(CONTAMINATE)
14 waste spills can contaminate groundwater (INDUSTRY)
15 In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading cause of (DIE)
16 elements have been found in both ground and underground water sources (POLLUTE)
17 Fish and many other animals are killed by in their habitat (POLLUTE)
18 Astronomers are concerned about light pollution because they have in viewing activities in
19 habitats have been destroyed in recent years (NATURE)
20 A number of cleaning products contain chemicals (HARM)
21 Water samples collected at these villages were seriously with bacteria.(CONTAMINATE)
22 People believe that the water has brought cancer to the local residents (POLLUTE)
23 Light pollution makes us to see the stars in the sky (ABLE)
24 Noise is considered as pollution (ENVIRONMENT)
25 These whales were found one week ago, and the cause of their has not been
26 Plastic waste has entangled many marine creatures and their population (REDUCE)
27 The river has been with toxic waste from local factories (POLLUTE)
28 A lot of trees have been cut to make way for this new area (RESIDENT)
29 After the flood, there was a(n) of cholera in the region and the underlying cause was linked to foods consumed that failed to meet the minimum hygiene standards (BREAK)
30 You can have a say for our ocean by this project (JOIN)
31 Marine life is being due to the huge amount of plastic waste dumped into our sea every day
(THREAT)
32 This factory has pumped sewage into the sea, causing masses of fish to die in the past two months (TREAT)
33 My uncle doesn’t want to live in the city center, because he cannot stand too much artificial lighting He prefers country life where at night he can have peace and quiet with moonlight (NATURE)
34 Trucks tons of garbage here every day (DUMP)
35 My aunt lives in Kellyville, a big suburb of Sydney It’s a nice, peaceful and green area
(SUBURB)
II Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (conditional sentences type 1, 2)
1 If we (recycle) more, we will help the Earth
2 Factories (not dump) waste into rivers if the government fines them heavily
3 Students will be more aware of protecting the environment if teachers (teach) environmental issues at school
4 If light pollution (happen), animals will change their behaviour patterns
Trang 25 If people (travel) to work by bus, there will be fewer car fumes.
6 We (save) thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper
7 If we use water carefully, more people (have) fresh water
8 The level of radioactive pollution will decrease if we (switch) from nuclear power to renewable energy sources
9 If the water temperature (increase) , some aquatic creatures will be unable to reproduce
10 People will get more diseases if the water (be) contaminated
11 If you (be) the president, what would you do to help the environment?
12 They get sick so often If they (exercise) more, they (be) healthier
13 If I had one million US dollars, I (build) more parks in our city
14 Ngoc’s mother is unhappy If Ngoc (tidy) her room everyday, her mother (not be)
so upset
15 There isn’t a garden at our house If there (be) , we (grow) vegetables
16 It (not be) possible to save the Earth if we don’t take action now
17 If the world temperatures continue to rise, there (be) less snow
18 If I (be) you, I would wear earplugs when going to the concert
19 If we do nothing to stop global warming, we (see) big changes in the future
20 How you (travel) to work if you didn’t have this motorbike?
21 Our garden is so beautiful There (not be) any flowers if my sister (not take care) it every day
22 If pigs (have) wings, (they/ be able) to fly?
23 If I (be) an astronaut, I (travel) to other planets
24 If you (not see) Tom ever again, how (you/ feel)?
25 What (you/ do) if you (see) a ghost?
26 If you (eat) more of this cake, you (be) sick You’ve already had five slices!
27 Who (you/ vote) for if you (be) eighteen?
28 If you (be) late, we (not wait) We’ll have to go without you!
29 If the ozone layer is not protected, we (suffer) from excessive ultraviolet radiation
30 If you (leave) the lights that you are not using on, you’ll cause over-illumination, a form of light pollution
31 Soil pollution a serious problem to solve if levels of pollutants in soil go beyond what should be naturally allowed (be)
32 If your farming land near a landfill or an industrial area, it is essential that you test the soil for pollutants before growing anything adible (be)
33 You will be less likely to suffer lung cancer if you (not smoke)
34 If it is sunny, we a clean-up of the garden (do)
35 If local residents cutting trees for wood at this rate, the forest will soon be gone (keep)
36 If we take good care of the garden, we flowers all year round (have)
37 If man dumping waste into the sea, they will soon be victims (keep)
38 We’ll go without Linh if she (not come)
39 If everyone a small contribution, we’ll be able to do a good cause (make)
III Write a conditional sentence type 2 for each situation
1 People throw rubbish in the street The street doesn’t look attractive
If
2 There are so many billboards in our city People cannot enjoy the view
If
3 There is so much light in the city at night We cannot see the stars clearly
If
4 We turn on the heater all the time We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month
If
5 The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night The residents complain to its owner
Trang 3If
6 She has a headache after work every day She works in a noisy office
If
IV Rewrite the sentences, using the words in brackets
1 The noise from the music club is loud, so the residents of the street cannot sleep (because of)
2 Vy had a stomachache because she ate a big dinner (since)
3 Because it rained heavily, the road in front of my house was flooded (due to)
4 His room is untidy, so his mother is unhappy (because)
5 Global warming happens when there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (causes)
6 Noise pollution happens There is a change in animals’living pattern (causes)
7 Radioactive pollution is very dangerous It can cause abnormal growth (since)
8 The area is uninhabitable The Chernobyl nuclear accident happened (made)
9 Fossil fuels such as coal or oil are burned Acid gases are produced (so)
10 Acid rain is dangerous Trees’leaves are damaged (because of)
11 Leaves are damaged The tree cannot get enough food energy to stay healthy (because)
12 There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illness when air pollution happens (lead to)
13 Aquatic life suffers or dies because there is thermal pollution (because of)
14 Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the waste water is released from the paper mill in Thai Nguyen City (so)
15 People use too much herbicide to treat weeds, so water in rivers, canals, lakes are extremely polluted and has bad effects on people’s health (because)
16 Many fish in the river die due to the increased temperature of water (because)
17 Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still exist in the environment today (so)
18 We are unable to see the stars in the sky Light pollution occurs (makes)
19 Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse They reflect both artificial and sun light (because)
20 All sounds are not noise Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes beyond its certain limit, for example, above 80 decibels (because)
21 More and more noise is created by modern civilization It has now become a major environmental pollutant, especially in urban areas (so)
Trang 4
22 Contamination in the air happens There is acid rain which damages soil, vegetation and aquatic life of the region (causes)
23 Noise pollution is one of the major causes of stress and anxiety People suffer from stress and anxiety (because of)
24 The oil spill resulted in the death of thousands of fish in this sea (make)
25 All the roads were flooded because it had been raining heavily (due to)
26 Jimmy ate a lot of fastfoods, so he put on 10 kilograms within just two months (because)
27 My father got upset because I repeatedly left on the lights I was not using (so)
28 The contaminated drinking water caused the outbreak of cholera in the village (due to)
29 Human activity is to blame for many forms of pollution on earth (result in)
V Make conditional sentences type 2 from the clues
1 If/ I / be/ you/, I/ plant/ vegetables/ garden
2 More/ tourist/ come/ here/ if/ beach/ be/ cleaner
3 What/ happen/ if/ there/ be/ no/ car/ world?
4 If/ I/ be/ his mother/, I/ ask/ tidy/ room/ every day
5 If/ there/ be/ no/ war/, people/ live/ more/ happy
6 Soil/ not/ be/ so/ polluted/ if/ farmers/ not use/ much/ chemical/ fertilizer
VI Circle a mistake in each sentence, and then correct it
1 He worked in a noisy environment for a long time, because his hearing became worse
2 We’ve decided to cancel our picnic because of it’s forecast rain tomorrow
3 Researchers haven’t found out what has led in the pollution of the river
4 Radiation may result to childhood cancer
5 Water from power stations may cause water in rivers and lakes hotter
6 Her grandmother is complaining so she’s always dumping her school things on the floor
7 Long exposure to loud results permanent hearing loss
8 The misuse of resources and improper dumping of waste make land pollution
9 The soil becomes contaminated because the use of so many pesticides and other farming chemicals
10 Oil slicks from boats or ships pollute the sea, because many fish and sea-birds die
11 In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading cause of death if people drink from polluted water sources
12 We should plant trees in our neighbourhood so trees help cool the planet
VII Read the text below Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the gap
Chocolate-powered racing car
A team of (DESIGN) from Warwick University have recently launched a Formula 3 racing car with a (DIFFERENT) With a top speed of 232kph, the ecoF3 is powered by chocolate contains
a steering wheel made from corrots, a seat made from soya beans and its bodywork consists of various (PRODUCE) including potatoes and (CYCLE) bottles
Trang 5A University spokesperson said the (INTEND) was to design something “fast, fun and exciting” The result is a car whose (PERFORM) is as good as any car made from more traditional materials and the designers are delighted with this (ACHIEVE) However, the car’s engine does not currently meet Formula 3 (REGULATE) because of its (USUAL) fuel “The fact is that an environmentally friendly car is not (NECESSARY) a slow car,” said the spokesperson, and it is hoped that racing chiefs will recognise this and change the rules so that the ecoF3 can complete in the Formula 3 (CHAMPION) next season
VIII Write sentences using the first conditional with “if” or “unless”
1 (you/ arrive) early, (you/ save) me a seat?
2 (the website/ not open) (you/ have got) the password
3 Please (you/ call me) (you/ find) my wallet?
4 (my parents/ not give) me any pocket money (I/ pass) my exams
5 (it/ rain), (we/ not play) football in the park
6 (you/ practise) more, (you/ not get into) the team
7 (I/ not call) you (we/ get) home really late I won’t want to wake you
8 (more people/ vote) for her this time, (she/ lose) the election
9 (what/ happen) to Chelsea (they/ not score) enough goals?
IX Order the words to make sentences and questions There is one word or phrase you do not need in each sentence
1 Lady Gaga,/ I’d ask/ I will meet/ If/ I met/ her to sing
2 If I/ would have/ had/ a cat or a dog./ a pet,/ it/ would be
3 everybody voted/ I was/ I’d be/ amazed/ for that singer./ if
4 TV./ don’t be/ If I/ I’d watch/ wasn’t/ busy,
5 didn’t have/ homework tonight?/ What/ would you do/ do would you/ if you
6 the exam?/ you feel/ if/ How/ did/ would/ you didn’t pass
X Combine each pair of sentences, using conditional sentences type 1
1 A person looks at the sky at night He is not able to see the Milky Way by naked eye
2 Noise pollution gets more serious in the future It affects the development of economy and society
3 Australia has invested in water in Viet Nam with good results Half of the population in the rural areas has access to fresh water
4 You use compact light bulbs You save a lot of energy
5 We have more space We plant more trees
XI Write a paragraph about noise pollution (definition, causes, effects, and solutions), using the cues given
1 Noise pollution/ any loud sounds/ either harmful or annoying/ humans and animals
_ _
2 Generally/ noise produced/ household appliances/ big trucks/ vehicles and motorbikes/ on the road/ planes and helicopters flying over cities/ loud speakers, ets
_ _
Trang 63 Noise pollution/ cause/ stress/ illness/ hearing loss/ sleep loss/ loss productivity.
_ _
4 Health effects/ noise/ include/ anxiety/ stress/ headaches/ irritability/ nervousness
_ _
5 Noise-producing industries/ airports/ bus terminals/ should/ located/ far/ living places
_ _
6 The officials/ check/ misuse/ loudspeakers/ outdoor parties and discos/ as well as public announcement systems
_ _
XII Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others
2 a arithmetic b geographic c energetic d economic
3 a linguistic b classical c phonetic d romantic
5 a oceanic b specific c ceramic d aquatic
6 a industrial b mathematic c poetic d terrific
7 a technical b historical c botanic d athletic
9 a accidental b sympathetic c economic d impractical
10 a phonetic b systematic c symbolic d mechenical
11 a enthusiastic b environmental c automatic d naturalistic
XIII Fill in each blank with the correct preposition
1 Thousands of people were exposed radiation when the nuclear plant exploded (to)
2 Waste water from many factories which is dumped water bodies rirectly causes water pollution (into)
3 Land pollution is responsible for damage done natural habitat of animals (to)
4 Americans throw _twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year (away)
5 Scientists have come up new ways of saving energy (with)
XIV Based on the context, make contional sentences type 2 from the clues
1 My home hasn’t installed a solar water heater If/ my home/ install/ a solar water heater/ we/ save a lot of energy
_ _
2 Not all households in Viet Nam turn off lights during the Earth Hour If/ all households/ Viet Nam/ turn off lights/ the Earth Hour/ we/ save enough electricity/ develop our rural areas
_ _
3 Some students in our school still throw litter on the school ground If/ students/ our school/ not throw litter/ the school ground/ our campus/ look/ greener/ fresher
_ _
4 People use aluminum cans instead of glass bottles If/ people/ use/ glass bottles/ they/ use/ again and again
Trang 7_ _
5 Our school ground is large but we don’t have a wind turbine If/ we/ install/ a wind turbine/ our school/ become/ more eco-friendly
_ _
6 People don’t use organic fertilizers If/ people/ use/ organic fertilizers/ they/ prevent/ land pollution
_ _
7 A large number of people ride their motorbikes to work If/ people/ ride/ bikes/ they/ keep/ air/ less polluted _ _
8 That factory doesn’t have a wastewater treatment system If/ that factory/ have/ wastewater treatment system/ river/ not become/ so polluted
_ _
XV Circle the best answer to complete each sentence
1 The storms have caused a lot of to the crops
a damage b pollution c improvement d conservation
2 I was not able to sleep last night because my neighbor was playing his music so
3 My eyes really hurt when I see these bunches of dazzling lights this time of the night
4 Continued trade in these bear products is a threat to the of the species
5 What is thermal pollution? Well, it’s a kind of pollution by human activity that changes the surrounding temperature
6 New laws have been passed to wildlife in the area
a conservation b conserve c conservationist d conserved
7 We are trying to reduce the fumes that are polluting our cities
a exhausting b exhausted c exhaustion d exhaust
8 pollution occurs when radioactive waste is released into the air, water and earth, as a result of human activities
9 These days people tend to buy organic foods that are free of though they are much more expensive
10 Great efforts have been made to reduce levels of environmental
a pollution b biodegrading c protection d awareness
11 Too much light is a form a light pollution
12 The new policy has led three major strikes in the city today
13 The Chernobyl disaster, which happened 26 April 1986, was one of the most tragic nuclear fallouts in human history
14 Industrial waste from a nearby factory is the main source pollution in this surb
Trang 8a of b for c with d on
15 Due a delay in responding to the email, she lost the job
16 I couldn’t sleep because the noise from the party next door
17 By being a responsible consumer, we can reduce the damage littering causes the environment
18 During the process of cooling down the equipment, this factory has discharged a large amount of cold water into the surrounding river, causing the temperature to change
19 Thirteen beaches in Hong Kong have been closed due to a palm oil spill that was caused a recent ship collision
20 Frequent exposure high levels of radiation can put you at greater risks of all sorts of cancer
21 There are too many telephone lines, power lines, and advertising billboards this street It’s sad that visual pollution is getting in people’s life almost everywhere
22 It was a heart-breaking sight at the lake The children cried when seeing their beloved ducks lying dead, uncared of on shore The reason their death is still unknown
XVI Identify the error in the each of the following sentences
1 If people clean the toaster after using it, the manager wouldn’t get mad He always has to write “Please clean me if you use me.”
2 You can give a say for our ocean by donate to protect marine life
3 “Mom, I don’t have any more plastic snack bags.” “Use your lunch box then In this way, you’ll help reducing plastic waste.”
4 He let his motorbike glare light go directly into people’s eyes, and he was toldoff due to it was annoying
5 Do you know that the more paper you use the more trees will cut?
6 Various types of pollution happens every day at a fast speed, and this is threating biodiversity and reducing the life span of humans and animals
7 Let’s go for “Reduce, Reuse and Recycle”, because of it’s the only solution to the issue of pollution
8 Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan were bombed in 1945 and within five years, and this had resulted to the deaths of 225,000 people due to being exposed to radiation from the fallout for a long period of time
9 Waste from nature itself such as dead plants, rotten fruits and vegetablesonly makes the soil richer, but man-made waste such as chemicals, and plasticbags does damage with the environment
10 My father is passionate about clean but green energy He has many posts about the topic of renewable energy on his Facebook
11 Human beings are destroying the air and the land by adding pollutant to them day by day