Tai lieu 6 ( Mô Hình Lan Truyền Ô Nhiễm Trong Đất)

Từ kết quả nghiên cứu đáy các bãi rác cho thấy hầu hết các bãi rác chưa được xây dựng đúng tiêu chuẩn. Hệ số thấm của nền đất dưới các bãi rác khoảng 106 đến 104 cms chưa đạt yêu cầu kỹ thuật. Hầu hết các bãi rác đều gây ô nhiễm môi trường nước xung quanh và vượt ngưỡng yêu cầu so với quy chuẩn nước thải của bãi chôn lấp chất thải Mô hình lan truyền bằng thực nghiệm và Geoslope đều cho thấy tầm quan trọng của lớp đáy bãi rác, với độ chặt lớn, hệ số thấm nhỏ có khả năng kìm hãm và ngăn chặn được các chất ô nhiễm. Tuy nhiên nước thấm qua đất dung trọng 1,55 (gcm3); 1,6 (gcm3); 1,65 (gcm3) có nồng độ COD, chì và cadimi vẫn vượt ngưỡng cho phép. Nước thấm qua đất có dung trọng 1,7 (gcm3), đạt 98% độ chặt tiêu chuẩn có nồng độ COD đạt tiêu chuẩn so với quy chuẩn nước thải của bãi chôn lấp chất thải, tuy nhiên vẫn vượt ngưỡng so với tiêu chuẩn nước mặt và nước tưới tiêu, gấp 410 lần. Nồng độ chì, đồng và kẽm đạt tiêu chuẩn cho nước sinh hoạt và tưới tiêu. Nồng độ cadimi vượt ngưỡng so với tiêu chuẩn cho nước sinh hoạt. Kết quả mô phỏng sự lan truyền chất ô nhiễm theo chiều sâu dưới đáy bãi rác bằng Geoslope cho thấy với nền đất được đầm chặt đạt hệ số nén K98, hệ số thấm đạt khoảng k = 109 cms: thì chất ô nhiễm không bị phát tán hoặc phát tán với độ sâu rất nhỏ dưới 10m

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5.00E-01

2.50E-01

0.00E+00

3.60E-01

3.07E-01

2.55E-01

2.02E-01

1.50E-01



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