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Giáo án về Thủy triều
Trang 2THUỶ TRIỀU.
1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU.
2.CÁC THUẬT NGỮ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN THUỶ TRIỀU.
3.CÁC BÀI TOÁN THUỶ TRIỀU DÙNG TRONG HÀNG HẢI.
4.TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO.
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GIÁO TRÌNH THUỶ TRIỀU.(PGS.TS LÊ ĐỨC TOÀN).T1
ADMIRALTY MANUAL
NAVIGATION-BR45.T2
NAVIGATION FOR SECOND MATES.T4
NAVIGATION FOR MASTERS.T5
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Trang 4TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO.
ADMIRALTY TIDE TABLES( NP201-204) T6-T9.
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1.1.Lý thuyết thuỷ triều.
1.1.1.Lực hấp dẫn.
F=k*M1*M2/R 2
k hằng số hấp dẫn.
M1,M2 khối lượng các thiên thể.
R khoảng cách giữa các thiên thể.
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1.1.2Lực ly tâm.Các điểm trên bề mặt trái
đất đều chịu tác động của lực ly tâm.
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1.1.3.Hai thiên thể có lực gây triều lớn nhất lên trái đất là mặt trời,mặt trăng.Lực gây triều của các thiên thể khác rất nhỏ.
1.1.4.Hệ thống trái đất & mặt trăng.
Mặt trăng chuyển động quanh trái đất theo quỹ đạo elip.
Hệ thống trái đất & mặt trăng quay quanh
tâm quay của hệ.
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1.1.5.Hệ thống mặt trăng,trái đất ,mặt trời 1.1.6.Do tương quan giữa trọng lượng,
Khoảng cách,lực gây triều của mặt trăng
bằng 2,17 lần so với mặt trời.
1.1.7.Dao động thuỷ triều sẽ có biên độ cực đại tại xích đạo,cực tiểu tại cực.
Thực tế thuỷ triều diễn ra rất phức tạp.
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1.2.Các chế độ thuỷ triều.
1.2.1.Chế độ nhật triều.
1.2.2.Chế độ bán nhật triều.
1.2.3.Chế độ triều hỗn hợp.
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So the point A on the surface must
rotate an additional 12 degrees
(~50 mins) to reach the tidal bulge (i.e high and low tide occurs about 50 mins later each day).
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1.3.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thuỷ triều.
1.3.1.Xích vĩ của mặt trời,mặt trăng.
1.3.2.Vị trí tương đối của trái đất,mặt trăng Mặt trời.Spring tides,neap tides.
1.3.3.Cận điểm,viễn điểm.Perigee,Apogee.
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1.3.5.Triều sớm,triều muộn.primming,
Lagging.
1.3.6.Khu vực cạn.Thời gian triều dâng
ngắn hơn,thời gian triều rút dài hơn.Nước lớn kép,nước ròng kép.
1.3.7.Khí áp.34mb/0.3m.
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1.3.8.Gió.Ảnh hưởng đến giờ,độ cao thuỷ
triều.
1.3.9.Thuỷ triều giả.Seiches.
1.3.10.Sóng thần.Storm surges.
1.3.11.Sóng động đất.Tsunamis.
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Trang 282.CÁC THUẬT NGỮ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN THUỶ TRIỀU.
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Trang 31TIDAL HEIGHTS - DEFINITIONS
Chart Datum
Charted depth (sounding)
Drying height
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Trang 32TIDAL HEIGHTS - Dartmouth
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Trang 343.CÁC BÀI TOÁN THUỶ TRIỀU
DÙNG TRONG HÀNG HẢI.
Thông tin thuỷ triều trên hải đồ.
Bài toán thời điểm,độ cao thuỷ triều.
Bài toán qua cạn.
Bài toán qua cầu.
Thông tin về dòng triều.
Phương pháp hằng số điều hoà đơn giản.
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Trang 35TIDAL DIAMONDS & DATUMS
Tidal streams referred to HW at PLYMOUTH
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Trang 36TIDAL DIAMONDS & DATUMS
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Trang 37Range 4.1 metres
GMT
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Trang 38Add an hour for
British Summer Time
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Trang 39TIDAL CURVE
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Trang 40TIDAL CURVE
Look up time and height of HW Dartmouth and height of LW
HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m
Is it Neaps or Springs? Close to Springs
Use curve to find:
Height of tide at Dartmouth at 1415
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Trang 41TIDAL CURVE
LW height 0.7m entered here
HW height 4.8m entered here
HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m
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Trang 42TIDAL CURVE
HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m
Draw a line joining the points
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Trang 43TIDAL CURVE
HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m
Write time of HW in box below
1815
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HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m
Write subsequent hours in boxes
1415 1515 1615 1715 1815
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Trang 47TIDAL CURVE
Draw perpendicular to HW line
1415 1515 1615 1715 1815
Height of tide at 1415 = 2.9m
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Trang 49SECONDARY PORTS - TIMES & HEIGHTS
Standard Port PLYMOUTH
Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
0000 0600 0000 0600 5.5 4.4 2.2 0.8
1200 1800 1200 1800
Differences FOWEY
- 0010 - 0015 - 0010 - 0005 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.2
Standard Port PLYMOUTH
Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
0100 0600 0100 0600 5.5 4.4 2.2 0.8
1300 1800 1300 1800
Differences TORQUAY
+ 0025 + 0045 + 0010 0000 - 0.6 - 0.7 - 0.2 - 0.1
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Trang 50INTERPRETING THE 'DIFFERENCES BLOCK'
0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Time
Diff
Standard Port PLYMOUTH
Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
0100 0600 0100 0600 5.5 4.4 2.2 0.8
1300 1800 1300 1800
Differences TORQUAY
+ 0025 + 0045 + 0010 0000 - 0.6 - 0.7 - 0.2 - 0.1
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Trang 51Standard Port PLYMOUTH
Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
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Trang 52Standard Port PLYMOUTH
Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
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Trang 53Torquay 30th May When is HW in the morning? Standard Port Plymouth (Devonport) HW 0320 UT Difference approx +35 mins HW Torquay 0355
Time Differences (min) Torquay
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Trang 54TIDAL STREAM ATLAS
Atlas gives
Direction &
Rate
of tidal stream for each hour
4 hours after
HW PORTSMOUTH
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Thick and long arrows show strong stream
Short and thin arrows show weak stream
4 hours after
HW PORTSMOUTH
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Trang 56TIDAL STREAM ATLAS
03,05
Rate of stream 0.3 kn at Neaps 0.5 kn at Springs
12,23
Rate of stream 1.2 kn at Neaps 2.3 kn at Springs
Stream
Slack
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Trang 57HOURS RELATED TO HIGH WATER
Time of High Water = 1200
HW + 2
1130
1230 1330 1430
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Trang 58TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)
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Trang 59TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)
Rate of stream at Neaps = 2.3 knots (from tidal stream atlas or diamonds)
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Trang 60TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)
Rate of stream at Springs = 4.6 knots (from tidal stream atlas or diamonds)
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Trang 61TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)
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Trang 643.CÁC BÀI TOÁN THUỶ TRIỀU
DÙNG TRONG HÀNG HẢI.
dụng 6 sóng thành phần.
H=FM2xHM2xCOS(AM2xt+GM2)+FS2xHS2xCOS(A S2xt+GS2)+FK1xHK1xCOS(AK1xt+GK1)+F01xH01x COS(A01xt+G01)+D4COSd4+D6COSd6.
F hệ số thủy triều.
H biên độ.
A góc thủy triều.
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G góc vị trí.
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